Bell's vireo (Vireo bellii)[2] is a songbird that migrates between a breeding range in Western North America and a winter range in Central America. It is dull olive-gray above and whitish below. It has a faint white eye ring and faint wing bars.
The least Bell's vireo (Vireo bellii pusillus) is an endangered subspecies in Southern California. Consideration of Bell's vireo has been a factor in several land development projects, to protect least Bell's vireo habitat. The decline of the least Bell's vireo is mostly due to a loss of riparian habitat.
Bell's vireos often use dense shrubbery including willows (Salix spp.), mulefat (Baccharis glutinosa), California wild rose (Rosa californica), mugwort (Artemisia douglasiana), Fremont cottonwood (Populus fremontii), and Western poison oak (Toxicodendron diversilobum) shrubs or vines as nesting locations. Bell's vireos make a well-camouflaged nest but when found they will stand its ground against intruders. As with many other North American songbirds, brown-headed cowbirds parasitise Bell's vireo nests, letting the vireos raise their young.[4][5]
Historically, the least Bell's vireo was a common to locally abundant species in lowland riparian habitat, ranging from coastal southern California through the Sacramento and San Joaquin Valleys as far north as Red Bluff in Tehama County. Populations also occurred in the foothill streams of the Sierra Nevada and Coast Ranges, and in Owens Valley, Death Valley, and scattered locations in the Mojave Desert. Least Bell's vireos winter in Baja California Peninsula. Unlike during the breeding season, they are not limited in winter to willow-dominated riparian areas, but occupy a variety of habitats including mesquite scrub within arroyos, palm groves, and hedgerows bordering agricultural and residential areas. At the time of endangered species listing by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in 1986, it had been extirpated from most of its historic range, and numbered just 300 pairs statewide. Populations were confined to eight counties south of Santa Barbara, with the majority of birds occurring in San Diego County. In the decade since listing, least Bell's vireo numbers have increased six-fold, and the species is expanding into its historic range. In 1998, the population size was estimated at 2,000 pairs. Nesting least Bell's vireos have recolonized the Santa Clara River in Ventura County, where 67 pairs nested in 1998, and the Mojave River in San Bernardino County. The northernmost reported sighting in recent years is of a nesting pair of least Bell's vireos near Gilroy in Santa Clara County in 1997. Roughly half of the current least Bell's vireo population occurs on drainages within Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton in San Diego County, particularly in the lower Santa Margarita River.[4]
Referencesedit
^BirdLife International (2018). "Vireo bellii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22705156A131396337. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22705156A131396337.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
^"Bell's Vireo Identification, All About Birds, Cornell Lab of Ornithology". www.allaboutbirds.org. Retrieved 2020-09-27.
^ abKus, Barbara (2002). "Least Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii pusillus)". The Riparian Bird Conservation Plan: a strategy for reversing the decline of riparian-associated birds in California. California Partners in Flight. PRBO Conservation Science. Retrieved 16 February 2013.
^Hogan, C. Michael (2008). Western poison-oak: Toxicodendron diversilobum, GlobalTwitcher, ed. Nicklas Stromberg . Archived from the original on 2009-07-21. Retrieved 2010-04-21.
External linksedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Vireo bellii.
Wikispecies has information related to Vireo bellii.
Bell's Vireo Species Account - Cornell Lab of Ornithology
bell, vireo, vireo, bellii, songbird, that, migrates, between, breeding, range, western, north, america, winter, range, central, america, dull, olive, gray, above, whitish, below, faint, white, ring, faint, wing, bars, conservation, statusleast, concern, iucn,. Bell s vireo Vireo bellii 2 is a songbird that migrates between a breeding range in Western North America and a winter range in Central America It is dull olive gray above and whitish below It has a faint white eye ring and faint wing bars Bell s vireoConservation statusLeast Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass AvesOrder PasseriformesFamily VireonidaeGenus VireoSpecies V belliiBinomial nameVireo belliiAudubon 1844Least Bell s vireo with leg band grasped in human hand This bird was named by Audubon for John Graham Bell who accompanied him on his trip up the Missouri River in the 1840s The least Bell s vireo Vireo bellii pusillus is an endangered subspecies in Southern California Consideration of Bell s vireo has been a factor in several land development projects to protect least Bell s vireo habitat The decline of the least Bell s vireo is mostly due to a loss of riparian habitat Contents 1 Measurement Description 2 Behavior and ecology 3 References 4 External linksMeasurement Description editMeasurements 3 Length 4 5 4 9 in 11 5 12 5 cm Weight 0 3 0 3 oz 7 4 9 8 g Wingspan 6 7 7 5 in 17 19 cm Behavior and ecology editBell s vireos often use dense shrubbery including willows Salix spp mulefat Baccharis glutinosa California wild rose Rosa californica mugwort Artemisia douglasiana Fremont cottonwood Populus fremontii and Western poison oak Toxicodendron diversilobum shrubs or vines as nesting locations Bell s vireos make a well camouflaged nest but when found they will stand its ground against intruders As with many other North American songbirds brown headed cowbirds parasitise Bell s vireo nests letting the vireos raise their young 4 5 Historically the least Bell s vireo was a common to locally abundant species in lowland riparian habitat ranging from coastal southern California through the Sacramento and San Joaquin Valleys as far north as Red Bluff in Tehama County Populations also occurred in the foothill streams of the Sierra Nevada and Coast Ranges and in Owens Valley Death Valley and scattered locations in the Mojave Desert Least Bell s vireos winter in Baja California Peninsula Unlike during the breeding season they are not limited in winter to willow dominated riparian areas but occupy a variety of habitats including mesquite scrub within arroyos palm groves and hedgerows bordering agricultural and residential areas At the time of endangered species listing by the U S Fish and Wildlife Service in 1986 it had been extirpated from most of its historic range and numbered just 300 pairs statewide Populations were confined to eight counties south of Santa Barbara with the majority of birds occurring in San Diego County In the decade since listing least Bell s vireo numbers have increased six fold and the species is expanding into its historic range In 1998 the population size was estimated at 2 000 pairs Nesting least Bell s vireos have recolonized the Santa Clara River in Ventura County where 67 pairs nested in 1998 and the Mojave River in San Bernardino County The northernmost reported sighting in recent years is of a nesting pair of least Bell s vireos near Gilroy in Santa Clara County in 1997 Roughly half of the current least Bell s vireo population occurs on drainages within Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton in San Diego County particularly in the lower Santa Margarita River 4 References edit BirdLife International 2018 Vireo bellii IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018 e T22705156A131396337 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2018 2 RLTS T22705156A131396337 en Retrieved 11 November 2021 Species factsheet Vireo bellii BirdLife International 2014 Retrieved 4 November 2014 Bell s Vireo Identification All About Birds Cornell Lab of Ornithology www allaboutbirds org Retrieved 2020 09 27 a b Kus Barbara 2002 Least Bell s Vireo Vireo bellii pusillus The Riparian Bird Conservation Plan a strategy for reversing the decline of riparian associated birds in California California Partners in Flight PRBO Conservation Science Retrieved 16 February 2013 Hogan C Michael 2008 Western poison oak Toxicodendron diversilobum GlobalTwitcher ed Nicklas Stromberg Western Poison oak Toxicodendron diversilobum GlobalTwitcher com Archived from the original on 2009 07 21 Retrieved 2010 04 21 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Vireo bellii nbsp Wikispecies has information related to Vireo bellii Bell s Vireo Species Account Cornell Lab of Ornithology Bell s Vireo Vireo bellii USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter Bell s vireo photo gallery at VIREO Drexel University Bell s Vireo synopsis Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Article on the Chino Hills oil spill of 1994 and its effect on the environment including Least Bell s vireo U S Fish and Wildlife Service Pacific Region Video of Least Bell s Vireo Vireo bellii Avibase nbsp Bell s vireo media Internet Bird Collection Interactive range map of Vireo bellii at IUCN Red List maps Audio recordings of Bell s vireo on Xeno canto Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bell 27s vireo amp oldid 1188648158, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
