Lchashen-Metsamor culture (Armenian: Լճաշեն-մեծամորյան մշակույթ) is an archeological culture of the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age (1500-700 BC) in the South Caucasus. It was mainly spread in areas of present-day Armenia.[1] Lchashen-Metsamor pottery was also found in the Ağrı Province of Turkey and in southern Georgia.[2]
A specific grooved pottery is associated with this culture.[3] The construction of widespread cyclopean fortresses at the end of the Bronze Age and cities,[4] indicate population growth and urbanization in the territory of Armenia.
A number of bronze items, such as bronze belts, have been discovered at Lchashen–Metsamor sites.[5] A fully preserved four-wheeled chariot was found at Lchashen.[6]
Categorizationedit
Archaeologists have divided the Lchashen–Metsamor culture into five main stages.[7]
Late Bronze Age - LM 1,2,3
Early Iron Age - LM 4.5
The sixth stage, which arises from the local synthesis of Urartian culture, has been left out.
Archaeologists connect the Lchashen–Metsamor culture with the Etiuni tribal union attested in Urartian cuneiform.[8][9][10]
Later historyedit
The culture began declining in the 8th century BC when Argishti I, the king of Urartu, crossed the Araxes River with his army. Following the appearance of Urartian culture in the region, a syncretic Lchashen-Metsamor VI layer emerged.
Paleogeneticsedit
An article by Damgaard (2018) dedicated to the genetic study of ancient inhabitants of the Eurasian steppes published the ancient DNA of two people from Lchashen burials. Samples included Y-DNA I2a2b-L596 and Mitochondrial DNA HV0a and J1b1a.[11]
^McMahon, Gregory; Steadman, Sharon, eds. (2012). The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Anatolia: (10,000-323 BCE). doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195376142.001.0001. ISBN978-0-19-537614-2.[page needed]
^Sagona, Antonio (2012). "Remarks on the Iron Age of Eastern Anatolia". In Çilingiroğlu, Altan; Sagona, A. G. (eds.). Anatolian Iron Ages 7: The Proceedings of the Seventh Anatolian Iron Ages Colloquium Held at Edirne, 19-24 April 2010. Peeters Press. pp. 253–268. ISBN978-90-429-2562-5.
^Khatchadourian, Lori (2012). "The Iron Age in Eastern Anatolia". In McMahon, Gregory; Steadman, Sharon (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Anatolia: (10,000-323 BCE). doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195376142.013.0020. ISBN978-0-19-537614-2.
^Smith, Adam T. (1 January 1999). "Late Bronze/Early Iron Age Fortresses of the Ararat and Shirak Plains, Armenia: Typological Gonsiderations". Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia. 5 (3): 73–97. doi:10.1163/157005799X00133.
^Manukyan, Sona (18 April 2015). "Bronze belts of Lchashen–Metsamor culture in the sculptures of the same period". Arvestagir Cultural Magazine.
^Piggott, Stuart (March 1974). "Chariots in the Caucasus and in China". Antiquity. 48 (189): 16–24. doi:10.1017/S0003598X00054120. S2CID 163725131.
^Avetisyan, Pavel; Bobokhyan, Arsen (2008). "The Pottery Traditions of the Armenian Middle to Late Bronze Age 'Transition' in the Context of Bronze and Iron Age Periodization". In Rubinson, Karen Sydney; Sagona, A. G (eds.). Ceramics in transitions: Chalcolithic through Iron Age in the highlands of the Southern Caucasus and Anatolia. Peeters. pp. 123–184. ISBN978-90-429-1998-3.
^Avetisyan, Pavel; Bobokhyan, Arsen (2012). "Archaeology of Armenia in a Regional Context". In Аветисян, Паркев; Բոբոխյան, Արսեն (eds.). Archaeology of Armenia in Regional Context: Proceedings of the International Conference Dedicated to the 50th Anniversary of the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography Held on September 15-17, 2009 in Yerevan. Gitutyun. pp. 7–20. ISBN978-5-8080-0969-1.
^Ruzan, Mkrtchyan (2014). "The ancient population of Lchashen as a representative of the Bronze Age Armenian population". Вестник Московского университета. Серия 23. Антропология (3): 74–75.
^Çifçi, Ali (2017). "Control of Capital in Urartu: Economic Resources and Movement of Commodities". The Socio-Economic Organisation of the Urartian Kingdom. pp. 28–186. doi:10.1163/9789004347595_003. ISBN978-90-04-34759-5.
lchashen, metsamor, culture, lchashen, metsamor, culture, armenian, Լճաշեն, մեծամորյան, մշակույթ, archeological, culture, late, bronze, early, iron, 1500, south, caucasus, mainly, spread, areas, present, armenia, lchashen, metsamor, pottery, also, found, ağrı,. Lchashen Metsamor culture Armenian Լճաշեն մեծամորյան մշակույթ is an archeological culture of the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age 1500 700 BC in the South Caucasus It was mainly spread in areas of present day Armenia 1 Lchashen Metsamor pottery was also found in the Agri Province of Turkey and in southern Georgia 2 Lchashen Metsamor cultureGeographical rangeSouth CaucasusPeriodLate Bronze Age Iron AgeDatescirca 1 500 B C E circa 700 B C E Major sitesMetsamor LchashenPreceded byTrialeti Vanadzor cultureFollowed byEtiuni Urartu Contents 1 Description 2 Categorization 3 Identity 4 Later history 5 Paleogenetics 6 See also 7 ReferencesDescription editA specific grooved pottery is associated with this culture 3 The construction of widespread cyclopean fortresses at the end of the Bronze Age and cities 4 indicate population growth and urbanization in the territory of Armenia A number of bronze items such as bronze belts have been discovered at Lchashen Metsamor sites 5 A fully preserved four wheeled chariot was found at Lchashen 6 Categorization editArchaeologists have divided the Lchashen Metsamor culture into five main stages 7 Late Bronze Age LM 1 2 3Early Iron Age LM 4 5The sixth stage which arises from the local synthesis of Urartian culture has been left out Identity edit nbsp The Lchashen site along Lake Sevan in Armenia Archaeologists connect the Lchashen Metsamor culture with the Etiuni tribal union attested in Urartian cuneiform 8 9 10 Later history editThe culture began declining in the 8th century BC when Argishti I the king of Urartu crossed the Araxes River with his army Following the appearance of Urartian culture in the region a syncretic Lchashen Metsamor VI layer emerged Paleogenetics editAn article by Damgaard 2018 dedicated to the genetic study of ancient inhabitants of the Eurasian steppes published the ancient DNA of two people from Lchashen burials Samples included Y DNA I2a2b L596 and Mitochondrial DNA HV0a and J1b1a 11 See also edit nbsp Asia portalUrartu Etiuni Prehistoric ArmeniaReferences edit McMahon Gregory Steadman Sharon eds 2012 The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Anatolia 10 000 323 BCE doi 10 1093 oxfordhb 9780195376142 001 0001 ISBN 978 0 19 537614 2 page needed Sagona Antonio 2012 Remarks on the Iron Age of Eastern Anatolia In Cilingiroglu Altan Sagona A G eds Anatolian Iron Ages 7 The Proceedings of the Seventh Anatolian Iron Ages Colloquium Held at Edirne 19 24 April 2010 Peeters Press pp 253 268 ISBN 978 90 429 2562 5 Khatchadourian Lori 2012 The Iron Age in Eastern Anatolia In McMahon Gregory Steadman Sharon eds The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Anatolia 10 000 323 BCE doi 10 1093 oxfordhb 9780195376142 013 0020 ISBN 978 0 19 537614 2 Smith Adam T 1 January 1999 Late Bronze Early Iron Age Fortresses of the Ararat and Shirak Plains Armenia Typological Gonsiderations Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia 5 3 73 97 doi 10 1163 157005799X00133 Manukyan Sona 18 April 2015 Bronze belts of Lchashen Metsamor culture in the sculptures of the same period Arvestagir Cultural Magazine Piggott Stuart March 1974 Chariots in the Caucasus and in China Antiquity 48 189 16 24 doi 10 1017 S0003598X00054120 S2CID 163725131 Avetisyan Pavel Bobokhyan Arsen 2008 The Pottery Traditions of the Armenian Middle to Late Bronze Age Transition in the Context of Bronze and Iron Age Periodization In Rubinson Karen Sydney Sagona A G eds Ceramics in transitions Chalcolithic through Iron Age in the highlands of the Southern Caucasus and Anatolia Peeters pp 123 184 ISBN 978 90 429 1998 3 Avetisyan Pavel Bobokhyan Arsen 2012 Archaeology of Armenia in a Regional Context In Avetisyan Parkev Բոբոխյան Արսեն eds Archaeology of Armenia in Regional Context Proceedings of the International Conference Dedicated to the 50th Anniversary of the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography Held on September 15 17 2009 in Yerevan Gitutyun pp 7 20 ISBN 978 5 8080 0969 1 Ruzan Mkrtchyan 2014 The ancient population of Lchashen as a representative of the Bronze Age Armenian population Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta Seriya 23 Antropologiya 3 74 75 Cifci Ali 2017 Control of Capital in Urartu Economic Resources and Movement of Commodities The Socio Economic Organisation of the Urartian Kingdom pp 28 186 doi 10 1163 9789004347595 003 ISBN 978 90 04 34759 5 Damgaard Peter de Barros Marchi Nina Rasmussen Simon Peyrot Michael Renaud Gabriel Korneliussen Thorfinn Moreno Mayar J Victor Pedersen Mikkel Winther Goldberg Amy Usmanova Emma Baimukhanov Nurbol Loman Valeriy Hedeager Lotte Pedersen Anders Gorm Nielsen Kasper Afanasiev Gennady Akmatov Kunbolot Aldashev Almaz Alpaslan Ashyk Baimbetov Gabit Bazaliiskii Vladimir I Beisenov Arman Boldbaatar Bazartseren Boldgiv Bazartseren Dorzhu Choduraa Ellingvag Sturla Erdenebaatar Diimaajav Dajani Rana Dmitriev Evgeniy Evdokimov Valeriy Frei Karin M Gromov Andrey Goryachev Alexander Hakonarson Hakon Hegay Tatyana Khachatryan Zaruhi Khaskhanov Ruslan Kitov Egor Kolbina Alina Kubatbek Tabaldiev Kukushkin Alexey Kukushkin Igor Lau Nina Margaryan Ashot Merkyte Inga Mertz Ilya V Mertz Viktor K Mijiddorj Enkhbayar Moiyesev Vyacheslav Mukhtarova Gulmira Nurmukhanbetov Bekmukhanbet Orozbekova Z Panyushkina Irina Pieta Karol Smrcka Vaclav Shevnina Irina Logvin Andrey Sjogren Karl Goran Stolcova Tereza Taravella Angela M Tashbaeva Kadicha Tkachev Alexander Tulegenov Turaly Voyakin Dmitriy Yepiskoposyan Levon Undrakhbold Sainbileg Varfolomeev Victor Weber Andrzej Wilson Sayres Melissa A Kradin Nikolay Allentoft Morten E Orlando Ludovic Nielsen Rasmus Sikora Martin Heyer Evelyne Kristiansen Kristian Willerslev Eske May 2018 137 ancient human genomes from across the Eurasian steppes Nature 557 7705 369 374 Bibcode 2018Natur 557 369D doi 10 1038 s41586 018 0094 2 hdl 1887 3202709 PMID 29743675 S2CID 13670282 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Lchashen Metsamor culture amp oldid 1216777331, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
