The Latvian National Awakening (Latvian: latviešu [or latvju] tautas atmoda) refers to three distinct but ideologically related National revival movements:[1]
the Second Awakening or "New Current" was the movement that led to the proclamation of Latvian independence in 1918[2]
the Third Awakening was the movement that led to the restoration of Latvia's independence in the "Singing Revolution" of 1987–1991[3]
Application of the termedit
Although the term "Awakening" was introduced by the Young Latvians, its application was influenced by the nationalist ideologue Ernests Blanks and later by the academician Jānis Stradiņš.[4] Stradiņš was the first person to use the term "Third Awakening" (at the expanded plenum of the Writers' Union of the Latvian SSR in June 1988), opposing those who had begun to call the national revival in the period of glasnost the Second Awakening (the first being that of the Young Latvians).
Blanks sought to distinguish between the New Current (in Latvian: Jaunā strāva) — a broad and radical socio-economic, political, and cultural movement that lasted from the late 1880s until the 1905 Revolution, led by Rainis and influenced by Marxism — from the more nationalistic direction taken in 1903 by Ernests Rolavs and Miķelis Valters; to Blanks, the 1890s "could be stricken completely from the history of national thought." He saw Rolavs' and Valters' nationalist Latvian Social Democratic Union (in Latvian: Sociāldemokratu savienība; sometimes abbreviated SDS) — a radical socialist group critical of the cosmopolitanism of the Latvian Social Democratic Workers' Party (Latvijas sociāldemokrātiskā strādnieku partija; LSDSP) — as the direct ideological descendants of the Young Latvians. It was the SDS (and especially Valters) that first began to formulate demands for Latvia's political autonomy[5]
Stradiņš based his view of the national revival in the 1980s on Blanks, considering the Second Awakening similarly: He viewed the organization of the Latvian riflemen, the activities of the Latvian émigrés in Switzerland, the Latvian refugees' relief committee in Russia, the proclamation of independence and the battles for independence as coming under the heading of the Second Awakening. Less frequently, some have seen the New Current and the 1905 Revolution — and sometimes even the Khrushchev Thaw — as National Awakenings.[6]
Referencesedit
^O'Connor, Kevin (2003). The History of the Baltic States. ISBN9780313323553. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
^"Latvija20gadsimts.lv / Apkopojums / Notikumu hronoloģija / 1988 -1991.gads. Trešā Atmoda". latvija20gadsimts.lv. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
^(PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-23. Retrieved 2014-01-18.
^Ernests Blanks. Latvju tautas ceļš uz neatkarīgu valsti. Västerås: Ziemeļblāzma, 1970.
^Jānis Stradiņš: Trešā atmoda. Rīga: Zinātne, 1992.
See alsoedit
Ernests Blanks: Latvju tautas ceļš uz neatkarīgu valsti. Västerås: Ziemeļblāzma, 1970.
Jānis Stradiņš: Trešā atmoda. Rīga: Zinātne, 1992.
April 12, 2024
latvian, national, awakening, latvian, national, awakening, latvian, latviešu, latvju, tautas, atmoda, refers, three, distinct, ideologically, related, national, revival, movements, first, awakening, refers, national, revival, young, latvians, from, 1850s, 188. The Latvian National Awakening Latvian latviesu or latvju tautas atmoda refers to three distinct but ideologically related National revival movements 1 the First Awakening refers to the national revival led by the Young Latvians from the 1850s to the 1880s the Second Awakening or New Current was the movement that led to the proclamation of Latvian independence in 1918 2 the Third Awakening was the movement that led to the restoration of Latvia s independence in the Singing Revolution of 1987 1991 3 Application of the term editAlthough the term Awakening was introduced by the Young Latvians its application was influenced by the nationalist ideologue Ernests Blanks and later by the academician Janis Stradins 4 Stradins was the first person to use the term Third Awakening at the expanded plenum of the Writers Union of the Latvian SSR in June 1988 opposing those who had begun to call the national revival in the period of glasnost the Second Awakening the first being that of the Young Latvians Blanks sought to distinguish between the New Current in Latvian Jauna strava a broad and radical socio economic political and cultural movement that lasted from the late 1880s until the 1905 Revolution led by Rainis and influenced by Marxism from the more nationalistic direction taken in 1903 by Ernests Rolavs and Mikelis Valters to Blanks the 1890s could be stricken completely from the history of national thought He saw Rolavs and Valters nationalist Latvian Social Democratic Union in Latvian Socialdemokratu savieniba sometimes abbreviated SDS a radical socialist group critical of the cosmopolitanism of the Latvian Social Democratic Workers Party Latvijas socialdemokratiska stradnieku partija LSDSP as the direct ideological descendants of the Young Latvians It was the SDS and especially Valters that first began to formulate demands for Latvia s political autonomy 5 Stradins based his view of the national revival in the 1980s on Blanks considering the Second Awakening similarly He viewed the organization of the Latvian riflemen the activities of the Latvian emigres in Switzerland the Latvian refugees relief committee in Russia the proclamation of independence and the battles for independence as coming under the heading of the Second Awakening Less frequently some have seen the New Current and the 1905 Revolution and sometimes even the Khrushchev Thaw as National Awakenings 6 References edit O Connor Kevin 2003 The History of the Baltic States ISBN 9780313323553 Retrieved 14 August 2015 Valoda ailab lv Retrieved 14 August 2015 Latvija20gadsimts lv Apkopojums Notikumu hronologija 1988 1991 gads Tresa Atmoda latvija20gadsimts lv Retrieved 14 August 2015 Hundred Great Latvians PDF Archived from the original PDF on 2015 09 23 Retrieved 2014 01 18 Ernests Blanks Latvju tautas cels uz neatkarigu valsti Vasteras Ziemelblazma 1970 Janis Stradins Tresa atmoda Riga Zinatne 1992 See also editErnests Blanks Latvju tautas cels uz neatkarigu valsti Vasteras Ziemelblazma 1970 Janis Stradins Tresa atmoda Riga Zinatne 1992 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Latvian national awakening amp oldid 1205319140, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
