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Latihan

January 01, 1970

Latihan (from Indonesian latihan kejiwaan; "spiritual exercise") is a form of spiritual practice. It is the principal practice of the Subud organization.[1][2]

Origin edit

The origin of the practice is associated with Javanese "kebatinan" or "kejawen" tradition.[3][need quotation to verify]

The practice edit

Latihan kejiwaan (or simply latihan) means "spiritual exercise" or "training of the spirit".[4] This exercise is not thought about, learned or trained for; it is unique for each person and the ability to 'receive' it is passed on by being in the presence of another person who already practises it at the 'opening'. About twice a week, Subud members go to a local center to participate in a group latihan, men and women separately.[5] The experience takes place in a room or a hall with open space. After a period of sitting quietly, a 'helper' typically asks the members to stand and relax, and then announces the start of the exercise.[6][7]

Practitioners are advised to surrender to 'what arises from within', not expecting anything in advance. One is recommended not to focus on any image or recite any mantra, nor to mix the exercise with other activities like meditation or use of drugs, but simply to intend to surrender to the Divine or the will of God. (The term "God" is used here with a broad and inclusive intention. An individual is at liberty to substitute interpretations that they feel more in tune with.) One is not to pay attention to others in the room, each of whom is doing his or her own latihan.[7] During the exercise, practitioners may find that, in terms of physical and emotional expression, they involuntarily move, make sounds, walk around, dance, jump, skip, laugh, cry or whatever.[8][6] The experience varies greatly for different people, but the practitioner is always wholly conscious throughout and free to stop the exercise at any time.

Outwardly the exercise often manifests as physical movement and vocal activity that vary greatly both over time and between individuals.[7] It proceeds spontaneously, involving neither teacher nor method,[1] being unstructured except for basic rules relating to group practice.[6]

The capacity to engage in latihan the first time, in what is called the "opening", is said to be transmitted by the presence of experienced practitioners.[1] It usually entails an attitude of patience and trust, typically with some preparatory relaxation of thoughts and feelings,[9] and involves the whole human being, not just body, emotions, mind or any other single facet.[10]

It is regarded by practitioners as being of spiritual or psychological benefit, depending on personal interpretation and individual experience[11][8][12] though apparently it does not affect all practitioners and may affect some detrimentally.[13][14] Many practitioners see latihan as a way of direct access to a mystical experience that is compatible with a busy modern lifestyle.

Use in Subud edit

Main article: Subud

While the opinions of Subud's founder are often cited among its members,[7] the organization officially endorses no doctrine regarding the latihan's nature or benefits.[8] Practitioners tend to agree that the exercise is best experienced with minimal theorizing or mental imagery.[15]

Although latihan can be practiced alone,[7] Subud arranges regular practice in group settings. Normally sessions are held two or three times a week and last thirty minutes, with the two sexes segregated.[16] Subud offers formal pragmatic, preliminary advice in relation to commencing the practice.[7] Non-members are not allowed to witness Subud latihan sessions as they are considered private.[7]

Subud's founder speculated that the spontaneous movements which characterise latihan are similar in character to early meetings of the Religious Society of Friends which gave rise to the name Quakers.[note 1]

Active meditation edit

The method was later adopted by Osho (Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh), who made use of many spiritual methods. He viewed latihan as potentially beneficial, capable of cleansing the mind, yet incomplete and potentially dangerous to mental health since it involved surrender of self-control.[17] He therefore incorporated it as a stage of longer "active meditations", advocating the maintenance of a "witnessing consciousness", following latihan with a period of complete rest and preceding it with one of several techniques intended to promote an autohypnotic trance, and further recommended that, when practising in groups, both sexes should practise together.[17] Preliminary methods used include listening to quiet music,[18] or else a breathing exercise intended to increase blood carbon dioxide levels followed by fifteen minutes looking at a strobe light while listening to music, both of these running at seven times the rate of the heart-beat in order to create an entrainment to alpha wave brain-state.[19] It may also be followed by a form of wordless prayer. He agreed that it was easiest to learn in the presence of someone already experienced in the method.[20]

Notes edit

  1. ^ It also resembles reports of followers of H. W. L. Poonja and Andrew Cohen, who also report spontaneous awakening while being in their presence.

References edit

  1. ^ a b c Webb 1995, p. 268.
  2. ^ Chryssides 1999, p. 262.
  3. ^ Webb 1995, p. 272.
  4. ^ Chryssides 1999, p. 261.
  5. ^ Webb 1995, p. 269–270.
  6. ^ a b c Chryssides 1999, p. 263.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g Webb 1995, p. 270.
  8. ^ a b c Hunt 2003, p. 122.
  9. ^ Chryssides 1999, p. 152.
  10. ^ Geels 1997, p. 148.
  11. ^ Geels 1997, p. 148-160, 196-205.
  12. ^ Webb 1995, p. 263.
  13. ^ Briedis 2009, p. 228.
  14. ^ Geels 1997, p. 150, 164.
  15. ^ Chryssides 1999, p. 150.
  16. ^ Webb 1995, p. 269-270.
  17. ^ a b "Osho Sermons in Stones: This too will pass..." oshosearch.net. Retrieved 23 April 2017.
  18. ^ "Osho Devavani Meditation, Osho Devavani active meditation – OSHO TEACHINGS".
  19. ^ "Site Unavailable". oshoteachings.com. Retrieved 23 April 2017.
  20. ^ "Osho on Latian and Mahamudra, Latihan is first step towards Mahamudra".

Sources edit

  • Briedis, Hassanah (2009), The Latihan of Subud, Dissociation and the Neurology of Spiritual Experience. In: Subud Authors, Subud Vision Volume 2, www.subudvision.org
  • Chryssides, George D. (1999), Exploring New Religions, London and New York: Continuum, ISBN 0-8264-5959-5
  • Geels, Antoon (1997), Subud and the Javanese mystical tradition, Richmond, Surrey: Curzon Press, ISBN 0-7007-0623-2
  • Hunt, Stephen J. (2003), Alternative Religions: A Sociological Introduction, Aldershot, Hampshire: Ashgate Publishing, ISBN 0-7546-3410-8
  • Pope, Salamah, ed. (1998), Antidote:Experience of a Spiritual Energy, UK: Subud International Publications, ISBN 1-8698-2203-X
  • Webb, Gisela (1995), Miller, T. (ed.), America's Alternative Religions, New York: SUNY Press, ISBN 0-7914-2398-0

January 01, 1970
latihan, from, indonesian, latihan, kejiwaan, spiritual, exercise, form, spiritual, practice, principal, practice, subud, organization, contents, origin, practice, subud, active, meditation, notes, references, sourcesorigin, editthe, origin, practice, associat. Latihan from Indonesian latihan kejiwaan spiritual exercise is a form of spiritual practice It is the principal practice of the Subud organization 1 2 Contents 1 Origin 2 The practice 2 1 Use in Subud 3 Active meditation 4 Notes 5 References 6 SourcesOrigin editThe origin of the practice is associated with Javanese kebatinan or kejawen tradition 3 need quotation to verify The practice editLatihan kejiwaan or simply latihan means spiritual exercise or training of the spirit 4 This exercise is not thought about learned or trained for it is unique for each person and the ability to receive it is passed on by being in the presence of another person who already practises it at the opening About twice a week Subud members go to a local center to participate in a group latihan men and women separately 5 The experience takes place in a room or a hall with open space After a period of sitting quietly a helper typically asks the members to stand and relax and then announces the start of the exercise 6 7 Practitioners are advised to surrender to what arises from within not expecting anything in advance One is recommended not to focus on any image or recite any mantra nor to mix the exercise with other activities like meditation or use of drugs but simply to intend to surrender to the Divine or the will of God The term God is used here with a broad and inclusive intention An individual is at liberty to substitute interpretations that they feel more in tune with One is not to pay attention to others in the room each of whom is doing his or her own latihan 7 During the exercise practitioners may find that in terms of physical and emotional expression they involuntarily move make sounds walk around dance jump skip laugh cry or whatever 8 6 The experience varies greatly for different people but the practitioner is always wholly conscious throughout and free to stop the exercise at any time Outwardly the exercise often manifests as physical movement and vocal activity that vary greatly both over time and between individuals 7 It proceeds spontaneously involving neither teacher nor method 1 being unstructured except for basic rules relating to group practice 6 The capacity to engage in latihan the first time in what is called the opening is said to be transmitted by the presence of experienced practitioners 1 It usually entails an attitude of patience and trust typically with some preparatory relaxation of thoughts and feelings 9 and involves the whole human being not just body emotions mind or any other single facet 10 It is regarded by practitioners as being of spiritual or psychological benefit depending on personal interpretation and individual experience 11 8 12 though apparently it does not affect all practitioners and may affect some detrimentally 13 14 Many practitioners see latihan as a way of direct access to a mystical experience that is compatible with a busy modern lifestyle Use in Subud edit Main article Subud While the opinions of Subud s founder are often cited among its members 7 the organization officially endorses no doctrine regarding the latihan s nature or benefits 8 Practitioners tend to agree that the exercise is best experienced with minimal theorizing or mental imagery 15 Although latihan can be practiced alone 7 Subud arranges regular practice in group settings Normally sessions are held two or three times a week and last thirty minutes with the two sexes segregated 16 Subud offers formal pragmatic preliminary advice in relation to commencing the practice 7 Non members are not allowed to witness Subud latihan sessions as they are considered private 7 Subud s founder speculated that the spontaneous movements which characterise latihan are similar in character to early meetings of the Religious Society of Friends which gave rise to the name Quakers note 1 Active meditation editThe method was later adopted by Osho Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh who made use of many spiritual methods He viewed latihan as potentially beneficial capable of cleansing the mind yet incomplete and potentially dangerous to mental health since it involved surrender of self control 17 He therefore incorporated it as a stage of longer active meditations advocating the maintenance of a witnessing consciousness following latihan with a period of complete rest and preceding it with one of several techniques intended to promote an autohypnotic trance and further recommended that when practising in groups both sexes should practise together 17 Preliminary methods used include listening to quiet music 18 or else a breathing exercise intended to increase blood carbon dioxide levels followed by fifteen minutes looking at a strobe light while listening to music both of these running at seven times the rate of the heart beat in order to create an entrainment to alpha wave brain state 19 It may also be followed by a form of wordless prayer He agreed that it was easiest to learn in the presence of someone already experienced in the method 20 Notes edit It also resembles reports of followers of H W L Poonja and Andrew Cohen who also report spontaneous awakening while being in their presence References edit a b c Webb 1995 p 268 Chryssides 1999 p 262 Webb 1995 p 272 Chryssides 1999 p 261 Webb 1995 p 269 270 a b c Chryssides 1999 p 263 a b c d e f g Webb 1995 p 270 a b c Hunt 2003 p 122 Chryssides 1999 p 152 Geels 1997 p 148 Geels 1997 p 148 160 196 205 Webb 1995 p 263 Briedis 2009 p 228 Geels 1997 p 150 164 Chryssides 1999 p 150 Webb 1995 p 269 270 a b Osho Sermons in Stones This too will pass oshosearch net Retrieved 23 April 2017 Osho Devavani Meditation Osho Devavani active meditation OSHO TEACHINGS Site Unavailable oshoteachings com Retrieved 23 April 2017 Osho on Latian and Mahamudra Latihan is first step towards Mahamudra Sources editBriedis Hassanah 2009 The Latihan of Subud Dissociation and the Neurology of Spiritual Experience In Subud Authors Subud Vision Volume 2 www subudvision org Chryssides George D 1999 Exploring New Religions London and New York Continuum ISBN 0 8264 5959 5 Geels Antoon 1997 Subud and the Javanese mystical tradition Richmond Surrey Curzon Press ISBN 0 7007 0623 2 Hunt Stephen J 2003 Alternative Religions A Sociological Introduction Aldershot Hampshire Ashgate Publishing ISBN 0 7546 3410 8 Pope Salamah ed 1998 Antidote Experience of a Spiritual Energy UK Subud International Publications ISBN 1 8698 2203 X Webb Gisela 1995 Miller T ed America s Alternative Religions New York SUNY Press ISBN 0 7914 2398 0 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Latihan amp oldid 1175796540, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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