The Landrecht (German: [ˈlantˌʁɛçt], "customary law of the region",[1] plural: Landrechte) was the law applying within an individual state in the Holy Roman Empire during the Middle Ages and Early Modern times. The state laws that emerged in the territories of the empire from the 12th century onwards had been developed from the older tribal laws of the Saxons, Swabians, Bavarians and Bohemians. Through privileges and laws passed by the territorial princes as well as the jurisprudence of the Landgerichte or state courts, these ancient rights were supplemented and developed. Later Roman law was also accepted and incorporated into the Landrechte. The Landrecht was only applied to the burghers of a town in a secondary way, because they came primarily under municipal law and the autonomous jurisdiction of their communities.
Title page of the Electoral Palatine Landrecht of 1700
The Landrechte contained regulations for all possible branches of law: criminal law, private law, policing, feudal law and constitutional law. However these areas were not necessarily comprehensively covered. Often they operated alongside Saxon Law (Sachsenrecht), Roman law and more recent, imperial, legal regulations.
Overview
The various Landrechte were written down at very different times. The Austrian Landrecht had already been developed by the Babenberg period and was recorded around 1278 by King Rudolph I and in 1298 under Albert I. Based on the customary law (Gewohnheitsrecht) of the state of Styria, it was probably written down in the 2nd half of the 14th century and also applied to Carinthia. The Tyrolean Landrecht emerged in the late 13th century and, in 1328, Archbishop Frederick III consolidated it and made it the law of Salzburg by passing an ordinance (Landesordnung). In the Palatinate, the Landrecht was not recorded until the 16th century. The BohemianLandrecht developed primarily as a result of the aggregation of judgments by the regional court (Landgericht), which were compiled into the so-called Landtafeln. The Bohemian development also influenced Moravian Landrecht and the law in parts of Silesia.
The emergence of Landrechte in the Middle Ages was crucial in the formation of countries, because they were able to constitute themselves as a legal community of free inhabitants. Once they were formed as such, they remained mostly intact as independent legal and political units, even where several states were united under the rule of one dynasty, for example, in the case of the various territories under the Habsburg monarchy.
With the promulgation of the German Civil Code, the Landrechte were superseded.
^Arnold, Benjamin (1991). Princes and territories in medieval Germany, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge and New York, p. 31. ISBN0-521-52148-3.
Sources
Oberbayerisches Landrecht Kaiser Ludwigs des Bayern von 1346. Edition, Übersetzung und Kommentar von Hans Schlosser und Ingo Schwab. Köln u.a. 2000. ISBN3-412-04300-1
Codex Maximilianeus Bavaricus civilis oder neu verbessert und ergaenzt chur-bayrisches Land-Recht, welches alle zur bürgerlichen Rechts-Gelehrsamkeit gehoerige Materien in sich begreift : benebst dem am Ende beygefuegten Lehen-Recht. Munich, 1756
Landrecht des Fürstenthumbs Württemberg gemein [...] Tübingen, 1591.
Landrecht Der Fürstenthumben der Marggravschafften Baden vn Hachberg, Landgraveschafft Saussenberg, auch Herrschafften Röttlen vnnd Badenweyler, c. : Inn siben Teyl verfasset; Senft, Durlach, 1622 Online
Secondary literature
Heinrich Gottfried Wilhelm Daniels: Kurkölnisches Landrecht, hrsg. und bearb. von Christoph Becker. (= Rechtsgeschichtliche Schriften. 19). Cologne etc., 2005
Karl August Eckhardt: Das Dithmarscher Landrecht von 1447. Nach d. Ausg. von Andreas Ludwig Jacob Michelsen. (=Germanenrechte. 16). Göttingen u. Marburg/L., 1960
Helmut Günter (Hrsg.): Das bayerische Landrecht von 1616. (= Schriftenreihe zur bayerischen Landesgeschichte. 66) Munich, 1969.
Ernst Theodor Gaupp: Das schlesische Landrecht oder Eigentlich Landrecht des Fürstentums Breslau von 1356, an sich und in seinem Verhältnis zum Sachsenspiegel. Leipzig, 1828.
Maria Dirks: Das Landrecht des Kurfürstentums Trier. Seine Geschichte u. s. Stellung in der Rechtsgeschichte. Saarbrücken, 1965.
Wilhelm Hartnack (ed.): Das Wittgensteiner Landrecht nach dem Original-Codex von 1579. Laasphe, 1960
Otto Dehler: Das hennebergische Landrecht in den Grundzügen dargestellt. [Diss.] Würzburg, 1939.
Stieber, Miloslav: Das österreichische Landrecht und die böhmischen Einwirkungen auf die Reformen König Ottokars in Österreich. Innsbruck, 1905
Wieslaw Litewski: Landrecht des Herzogtums Preußen von 1620. 5 Bde. Warsaw, 1982-1987.
Ferdinand Bischoff: Steiermärkisches Landrecht des Mittelalters. Graz, 1875.
W. Weltin, Das österreichische Landrecht des 13. Jahrhunderts, in: Recht und Schrift im Mittelalter, 1977.
External links
Landrecht und Landesordnung der Kurpfalz (1700)
Artikel Landrecht im Österreich-Lexikon AEIOU
March 01, 2023
landrecht, medieval, landrecht, german, ˈlantˌʁɛçt, customary, region, plural, landrechte, applying, within, individual, state, holy, roman, empire, during, middle, ages, early, modern, times, state, laws, that, emerged, territories, empire, from, 12th, centur. The Landrecht German ˈlantˌʁɛct customary law of the region 1 plural Landrechte was the law applying within an individual state in the Holy Roman Empire during the Middle Ages and Early Modern times The state laws that emerged in the territories of the empire from the 12th century onwards had been developed from the older tribal laws of the Saxons Swabians Bavarians and Bohemians Through privileges and laws passed by the territorial princes as well as the jurisprudence of the Landgerichte or state courts these ancient rights were supplemented and developed Later Roman law was also accepted and incorporated into the Landrechte The Landrecht was only applied to the burghers of a town in a secondary way because they came primarily under municipal law and the autonomous jurisdiction of their communities Title page of the Electoral Palatine Landrecht of 1700 Contents 1 Ambit 2 Overview 3 See also 4 Literature 4 1 References 4 2 Sources 4 3 Secondary literature 5 External linksAmbit EditThe Landrechte contained regulations for all possible branches of law criminal law private law policing feudal law and constitutional law However these areas were not necessarily comprehensively covered Often they operated alongside Saxon Law Sachsenrecht Roman law and more recent imperial legal regulations Overview EditThe various Landrechte were written down at very different times The Austrian Landrecht had already been developed by the Babenberg period and was recorded around 1278 by King Rudolph I and in 1298 under Albert I Based on the customary law Gewohnheitsrecht of the state of Styria it was probably written down in the 2nd half of the 14th century and also applied to Carinthia The Tyrolean Landrecht emerged in the late 13th century and in 1328 Archbishop Frederick III consolidated it and made it the law of Salzburg by passing an ordinance Landesordnung In the Palatinate the Landrecht was not recorded until the 16th century The Bohemian Landrecht developed primarily as a result of the aggregation of judgments by the regional court Landgericht which were compiled into the so called Landtafeln The Bohemian development also influenced Moravian Landrecht and the law in parts of Silesia The emergence of Landrechte in the Middle Ages was crucial in the formation of countries because they were able to constitute themselves as a legal community of free inhabitants Once they were formed as such they remained mostly intact as independent legal and political units even where several states were united under the rule of one dynasty for example in the case of the various territories under the Habsburg monarchy With the promulgation of the German Civil Code the Landrechte were superseded See also EditLaw of Germany Lehnrecht SachsenspiegelLiterature EditReferences Edit Arnold Benjamin 1991 Princes and territories in medieval Germany Cambridge University Press Cambridge and New York p 31 ISBN 0 521 52148 3 Sources Edit Oberbayerisches Landrecht Kaiser Ludwigs des Bayern von 1346 Edition Ubersetzung und Kommentar von Hans Schlosser und Ingo Schwab Koln u a 2000 ISBN 3 412 04300 1 Codex Maximilianeus Bavaricus civilis oder neu verbessert und ergaenzt chur bayrisches Land Recht welches alle zur burgerlichen Rechts Gelehrsamkeit gehoerige Materien in sich begreift benebst dem am Ende beygefuegten Lehen Recht Munich 1756 Churfurstlicher Pfaltz Landrecht Heydelberg 1582 Landrecht des Furstenthumbs Wurttemberg gemein Tubingen 1591 Landrecht Der Furstenthumben der Marggravschafften Baden vn Hachberg Landgraveschafft Saussenberg auch Herrschafften Rottlen vnnd Badenweyler c Inn siben Teyl verfasset Senft Durlach 1622 OnlineSecondary literature Edit Heinrich Gottfried Wilhelm Daniels Kurkolnisches Landrecht hrsg und bearb von Christoph Becker Rechtsgeschichtliche Schriften 19 Cologne etc 2005 Karl August Eckhardt Das Dithmarscher Landrecht von 1447 Nach d Ausg von Andreas Ludwig Jacob Michelsen Germanenrechte 16 Gottingen u Marburg L 1960 Helmut Gunter Hrsg Das bayerische Landrecht von 1616 Schriftenreihe zur bayerischen Landesgeschichte 66 Munich 1969 Ernst Theodor Gaupp Das schlesische Landrecht oder Eigentlich Landrecht des Furstentums Breslau von 1356 an sich und in seinem Verhaltnis zum Sachsenspiegel Leipzig 1828 Maria Dirks Das Landrecht des Kurfurstentums Trier Seine Geschichte u s Stellung in der Rechtsgeschichte Saarbrucken 1965 Wilhelm Hartnack ed Das Wittgensteiner Landrecht nach dem Original Codex von 1579 Laasphe 1960 Otto Dehler Das hennebergische Landrecht in den Grundzugen dargestellt Diss Wurzburg 1939 Stieber Miloslav Das osterreichische Landrecht und die bohmischen Einwirkungen auf die Reformen Konig Ottokars in Osterreich Innsbruck 1905 Wieslaw Litewski Landrecht des Herzogtums Preussen von 1620 5 Bde Warsaw 1982 1987 Ferdinand Bischoff Steiermarkisches Landrecht des Mittelalters Graz 1875 W Weltin Das osterreichische Landrecht des 13 Jahrhunderts in Recht und Schrift im Mittelalter 1977 External links EditLandrecht und Landesordnung der Kurpfalz 1700 Artikel Landrecht im Osterreich Lexikon AEIOU Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Landrecht medieval amp oldid 1023593089, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
