Italian automobile company Lancia was the first to manufacture cars with V4 and V6 engines in series-production. This started with a number of V4-engine families, that were produced from the 1920s through 1970s.
Lancia V4 engine
In Lancia's Fulvia model, the 1.3 litre V4 engine was mounted at a 45° angle.
The Lancia V4 pioneered the narrow-angle V engine design, more recently seen in Volkswagen's VR5 and VR6 engines. By using very shallow V-angles — between 10° and 20° — both rows of cylinders could be housed in an engine block with a single cylinder head, like a straight engine. A determining characteristic was the use of overhead camshafts (either single or double), in which a camshaft would serve the same function for all cylinders — in both cylinder banks.
The first V4 was used in the Lambda from 1922 through 1931. It was a 20° narrow-angle aluminium design. All three engine displacements shared the same long 120 mm (4.72 in) stroke, and all were SOHC designs with a single camshaft serving both banks of cylinders.
Engines:
2.1 L (2,119 cc) 75 mm (2.95 in), 49 PS (36 kW; 48 hp) at 3250 rpm
2.4 L (2,370 cc) 79.37 mm (3.12 in), 59 PS (43 kW; 58 hp) at 3250 rpm
2.6 L (2,568 cc) 82.55 mm (3.25 in), 69 PS (51 kW; 68 hp) at 3500 rpm
Artena
The Lambda engine was updated for the Artena. Bore was set at 82.55 mm (3.25 in) as in the 2.6 L Lambda, but stroke was reduced to a more conventional 90 mm (3.54 in). Total displacement was 1.9 L (1,927 cc), with 55 PS (40 kW; 54 hp) produced at 4000 rpm.
Augusta
An all-new V4 was designed for the Augusta. Produced from 1934 through 1938, the Augusta's engine displaced 1.2 L (1,196 cc) with a 69.85 mm × 78 mm (2.75 in × 3.07 in) bore and stroke. Power output was 35 PS (26 kW; 35 hp) at 4000 rpm.
Aprilia
The engine was redesigned again for 1936's Aprilia. The first-series cars used a 1.4 L (1,352 cc) version with a 72 mm × 82 mm (2.83 in × 3.23 in) bore and stroke. Output was 47 PS (35 kW; 46 hp) at 4300 rpm.
A second series was unveiled for 1939 with an enlarged 1.5 L (1,486 cc) engine. It did not share its predecessor's dimensions, with bore and stroke now at 74.61 mm × 85 mm (2.94 in × 3.35 in). Power output was nearly the same at 48 PS (35 kW; 47 hp).
Ardea
Tipo 100B engine in a 1952 Ardea
A small V4 (tipo 100) powered the compact 1939 Ardea. It was a 20° narrow-angle engine displacing just 0.9 L (903 cc). Bore and stroke were new again at 65 mm × 68 mm (2.56 in × 2.68 in), and output was just 28.8 PS (21.2 kW; 28.4 hp) at 4600 rpm. For the 1949 tipo 100B power was increased to 30 PS (22 kW; 30 hp).
Appia
Lancia V4 in a third series Appia Berlina
The V4 returned after the war with the 1953 Appia. It featured an even narrower 10° cylinder bank and just 1.1 L (1,090 cc) of displacement, fitting below Italy's 1.1-liter tax threshold. An initial 38 PS (28 kW; 37 hp) of power grew to 43 PS (32 kW; 42 hp) in 1956. 48 PS (35 kW; 47 hp) was available in 1959.
Fulvia
Lancia's final V4 series were used in the Fulvia, remaining in production up until 1976. Designed by Ettore Zaccone Mina, it used a narrow angle (13°) and was mounted well forward at a 45° angle. The engine was a true DOHC design with one camshaft operating all intake valves and another operating all exhaust valves.
Displacement began at just 1.1 L (1,091 cc) with 59 PS (43 kW; 58 hp) with a 72 mm × 67 mm (2.83 in × 2.64 in) bore and stroke. A higher (9.0:1) compression ratio raised power to 71 PS (52 kW; 70 hp) soon after.
The engine was bored to 76 mm (2.99 in) to enlarge engine displacement to 1.2 L (1,216 cc) for the Coupé model. This, and some tuning, raised output to 80 PS (59 kW; 79 hp), further enhanced up to 88 PS (65 kW; 87 hp) for the HF model.
The engine was re-engineered with a slightly narrower bank angle and longer 69.7 mm (2.74 in) stroke for 1967. Three displacements were produced: 1.2 L (1,199 cc) 74 mm (2.91 in) bore, 1.2 L (1,231 cc) 75 mm (2.95 in) bore, and 1.3 L (1,298 cc) 77 mm (3.03 in) bore. The latter engine is most common, with the first unit only sold in Greece. Three levels of performance were available: 87 PS (64 kW; 86 hp) for common 1.3 Liter (commonly imported in USA and described as "highly tuned" by Road & Track at the time); 90 PS (66 kW; 89 hp) for its 1.3s evolution and 101 PS (74 kW; 100 hp) for the Rallye HF.
The engine was redone again for a new HF with an even narrower 11° cylinder bank and longer 75 mm (2.95 in) stroke for its final incarnation. A bore of 82 mm (3.23 in) gave it a displacement of 1.6 L (1,584 cc), and power shot up to between 114 and 132 PS (84 and 97 kW; 112 and 130 hp) depending on tune.
See also
Volkswagen VR6 engine, for a more technically detailed article about narrow-angle V-engines
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lancia V4 engine.
Lancisti.net - An Information Exchange and Support Community for Lancia Owners and Enthusiasts
. Fulvia Site. Archived from the original on March 7, 2005. Retrieved March 10, 2005.
Crowe, James T., ed. (1968). "Toyota 2000 GT". Road & Track Road Test Annual: 110–113.
February 18, 2023
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This article includes a list of references related reading or external links but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations January 2019 Learn how and when to remove this template message Italian automobile company Lancia was the first to manufacture cars with V4 and V6 engines in series production This started with a number of V4 engine families that were produced from the 1920s through 1970s Lancia V4 engineIn Lancia s Fulvia model the 1 3 litre V4 engine was mounted at a 45 angle OverviewManufacturerLanciaProduction1922 1976LayoutConfigurationAll V4s at 10 11 13 20 Displacement903 cc 55 1 cu in 1 090 cc 67 cu in 1 091 cc 66 6 cu in 1 196 cc 73 0 cu in 1 199 cc 73 2 cu in 1 216 cc 74 2 cu in 1 231 cc 75 1 cu in 1 298 cc 79 2 cu in 1 352 cc 82 5 cu in 1 486 cc 90 7 cu in 1 584 cc 96 7 cu in 1 927 cc 117 6 cu in 2 119 cc 129 3 cu in 2 370 cc 145 cu in 2 568 cc 156 7 cu in Cylinder bore65 mm 2 56 in 69 85 mm 2 75 in 72 mm 2 83 in 74 61 mm 2 94 in 75 mm 2 95 in 78 mm 3 07 in 79 37 mm 3 12 in 82 mm 3 23 in 82 55 mm 3 25 in Piston stroke67 mm 2 64 in 68 mm 2 68 in 69 7 mm 2 74 in 75 mm 2 95 in 78 mm 3 07 in 82 mm 3 23 in 85 mm 3 35 in 90 mm 3 54 in 120 mm 4 72 in Head materialAluminumValvetrainSOHC or DOHCCompression ratio9 0 1CombustionFuel systemCarburetorFuel typeGasolineOil systemWet sumpCooling systemWater cooledOutputPower output28 8 132 PS 21 97 kW ChronologySuccessorLancia Flat 4 engineThe Lancia V4 pioneered the narrow angle V engine design more recently seen in Volkswagen s VR5 and VR6 engines By using very shallow V angles between 10 and 20 both rows of cylinders could be housed in an engine block with a single cylinder head like a straight engine A determining characteristic was the use of overhead camshafts either single or double in which a camshaft would serve the same function for all cylinders in both cylinder banks Contents 1 Lambda 2 Artena 3 Augusta 4 Aprilia 5 Ardea 6 Appia 7 Fulvia 8 See also 9 External linksLambda Edit Lancia Lambda V4 engine The first V4 was used in the Lambda from 1922 through 1931 It was a 20 narrow angle aluminium design All three engine displacements shared the same long 120 mm 4 72 in stroke and all were SOHC designs with a single camshaft serving both banks of cylinders Engines 2 1 L 2 119 cc 75 mm 2 95 in 49 PS 36 kW 48 hp at 3250 rpm 2 4 L 2 370 cc 79 37 mm 3 12 in 59 PS 43 kW 58 hp at 3250 rpm 2 6 L 2 568 cc 82 55 mm 3 25 in 69 PS 51 kW 68 hp at 3500 rpmArtena EditThe Lambda engine was updated for the Artena Bore was set at 82 55 mm 3 25 in as in the 2 6 L Lambda but stroke was reduced to a more conventional 90 mm 3 54 in Total displacement was 1 9 L 1 927 cc with 55 PS 40 kW 54 hp produced at 4000 rpm Augusta EditAn all new V4 was designed for the Augusta Produced from 1934 through 1938 the Augusta s engine displaced 1 2 L 1 196 cc with a 69 85 mm 78 mm 2 75 in 3 07 in bore and stroke Power output was 35 PS 26 kW 35 hp at 4000 rpm Aprilia EditThe engine was redesigned again for 1936 s Aprilia The first series cars used a 1 4 L 1 352 cc version with a 72 mm 82 mm 2 83 in 3 23 in bore and stroke Output was 47 PS 35 kW 46 hp at 4300 rpm A second series was unveiled for 1939 with an enlarged 1 5 L 1 486 cc engine It did not share its predecessor s dimensions with bore and stroke now at 74 61 mm 85 mm 2 94 in 3 35 in Power output was nearly the same at 48 PS 35 kW 47 hp Ardea Edit Tipo 100B engine in a 1952 Ardea A small V4 tipo 100 powered the compact 1939 Ardea It was a 20 narrow angle engine displacing just 0 9 L 903 cc Bore and stroke were new again at 65 mm 68 mm 2 56 in 2 68 in and output was just 28 8 PS 21 2 kW 28 4 hp at 4600 rpm For the 1949 tipo 100B power was increased to 30 PS 22 kW 30 hp Appia Edit Lancia V4 in a third series Appia Berlina The V4 returned after the war with the 1953 Appia It featured an even narrower 10 cylinder bank and just 1 1 L 1 090 cc of displacement fitting below Italy s 1 1 liter tax threshold An initial 38 PS 28 kW 37 hp of power grew to 43 PS 32 kW 42 hp in 1956 48 PS 35 kW 47 hp was available in 1959 Fulvia EditLancia s final V4 series were used in the Fulvia remaining in production up until 1976 Designed by Ettore Zaccone Mina it used a narrow angle 13 and was mounted well forward at a 45 angle The engine was a true DOHC design with one camshaft operating all intake valves and another operating all exhaust valves Displacement began at just 1 1 L 1 091 cc with 59 PS 43 kW 58 hp with a 72 mm 67 mm 2 83 in 2 64 in bore and stroke A higher 9 0 1 compression ratio raised power to 71 PS 52 kW 70 hp soon after The engine was bored to 76 mm 2 99 in to enlarge engine displacement to 1 2 L 1 216 cc for the Coupe model This and some tuning raised output to 80 PS 59 kW 79 hp further enhanced up to 88 PS 65 kW 87 hp for the HF model The engine was re engineered with a slightly narrower bank angle and longer 69 7 mm 2 74 in stroke for 1967 Three displacements were produced 1 2 L 1 199 cc 74 mm 2 91 in bore 1 2 L 1 231 cc 75 mm 2 95 in bore and 1 3 L 1 298 cc 77 mm 3 03 in bore The latter engine is most common with the first unit only sold in Greece Three levels of performance were available 87 PS 64 kW 86 hp for common 1 3 Liter commonly imported in USA and described as highly tuned by Road amp Track at the time 90 PS 66 kW 89 hp for its 1 3s evolution and 101 PS 74 kW 100 hp for the Rallye HF The engine was redone again for a new HF with an even narrower 11 cylinder bank and longer 75 mm 2 95 in stroke for its final incarnation A bore of 82 mm 3 23 in gave it a displacement of 1 6 L 1 584 cc and power shot up to between 114 and 132 PS 84 and 97 kW 112 and 130 hp depending on tune See also EditVolkswagen VR6 engine for a more technically detailed article about narrow angle V enginesExternal links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lancia V4 engine Lancisti net An Information Exchange and Support Community for Lancia Owners and Enthusiasts All about Lancia Fulvia Fulvia Site Archived from the original on March 7 2005 Retrieved March 10 2005 Crowe James T ed 1968 Toyota 2000 GT Road amp Track Road Test Annual 110 113 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Lancia V4 engine amp oldid 1093747384, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
