In surface anatomy, a lamella is a thin plate-like structure, often one amongst many lamellae very close to one another, with open space between. Aside from respiratory organs, they appear in other biological roles including filter feeding and the traction surfaces of geckos.[1]
Lamellae on a gecko's foot.
Scanning electron microscopy image of the gill filament and lamellae from a 18-day-old larval Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacores).[2]
In fish, gill lamellae are used to increase the surface area in contact with the environment to maximize gas exchange (both to attain oxygen and to expel carbon dioxide) between the water and the blood.[3] In fish gills there are two types of lamellae, primary and secondary. The primary gill lamellae (also called gill filament) extends from the gill arch, and the secondary gill lamellae extends from the primary gill lamellae. Gas exchange primarily occurs at the secondary gill lamellae, where the tissue is notably only one cell layer thick. Furthermore, countercurrent gas exchange at the secondary gill lamellae further maximizes oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide release.
^ Santos, Daniel; Matthew Spenko; Aaron Parness; Kim Sangbae; Mark Cutkosky (2007). "Directional adhesion for climbing: Theoretical and practical considerations". Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology. 21 (12–13): 1317–1341. doi:10.1163/156856107782328399. S2CID 53470787. Gecko "feet and toes are a hierarchical system of complex structures consisting of lamellae, setae, and spatulae. The distinguishing characteristics of the gecko adhesion system have been described [as] (1) anisotropic attachment, (2) high pulloff force to preload ratio, (3) low detachment force, (4) material independence, (5) self-cleaning, (6) anti-self sticking and (7) non-sticky default state. ... The gecko’s adhesive structures are made from ß-keratin (modulus of elasticity [approx.] 2 GPa). Such a stiff material is not inherently sticky; however, because of the gecko adhesive’s hierarchical nature and extremely small distal features (spatulae are [approx.] 200 nm in size), the gecko’s foot is able to intimately conform to the surface and generate significant attraction using van der Waals forces.
^Kwan, Garfield T.; Wexler, Jeanne B.; Wegner, Nicholas C.; Tresguerres, Martin (February 2019). "Ontogenetic changes in cutaneous and branchial ionocytes and morphology in yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) larvae". Journal of Comparative Physiology B. 189 (1): 81–95. doi:10.1007/s00360-018-1187-9. ISSN 0174-1578. PMID 30357584. S2CID 53025702.
^Evans, David H.; Piermarini, Peter M.; Choe, Keith P. (January 2005). "The Multifunctional Fish Gill: Dominant Site of Gas Exchange, Osmoregulation, Acid-Base Regulation, and Excretion of Nitrogenous Waste". Physiological Reviews. 85 (1): 97–177. doi:10.1152/physrev.00050.2003. ISSN 0031-9333. PMID 15618479.
This anatomy article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
lamella, surface, anatomy, other, uses, lamella, disambiguation, this, article, includes, list, general, references, lacks, sufficient, corresponding, inline, citations, please, help, improve, this, article, introducing, more, precise, citations, february, 201. For other uses see Lamella disambiguation This article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations February 2012 Learn how and when to remove this template message In surface anatomy a lamella is a thin plate like structure often one amongst many lamellae very close to one another with open space between Aside from respiratory organs they appear in other biological roles including filter feeding and the traction surfaces of geckos 1 Lamellae on a gecko s foot Scanning electron microscopy image of the gill filament and lamellae from a 18 day old larval Yellowfin Tuna Thunnus albacores 2 In fish gill lamellae are used to increase the surface area in contact with the environment to maximize gas exchange both to attain oxygen and to expel carbon dioxide between the water and the blood 3 In fish gills there are two types of lamellae primary and secondary The primary gill lamellae also called gill filament extends from the gill arch and the secondary gill lamellae extends from the primary gill lamellae Gas exchange primarily occurs at the secondary gill lamellae where the tissue is notably only one cell layer thick Furthermore countercurrent gas exchange at the secondary gill lamellae further maximizes oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide release See also EditPecten biology the similar structure in birdsReferences Edit Santos Daniel Matthew Spenko Aaron Parness Kim Sangbae Mark Cutkosky 2007 Directional adhesion for climbing Theoretical and practical considerations Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology 21 12 13 1317 1341 doi 10 1163 156856107782328399 S2CID 53470787 Gecko feet and toes are a hierarchical system of complex structures consisting of lamellae setae and spatulae The distinguishing characteristics of the gecko adhesion system have been described as 1 anisotropic attachment 2 high pulloff force to preload ratio 3 low detachment force 4 material independence 5 self cleaning 6 anti self sticking and 7 non sticky default state The gecko s adhesive structures are made from ss keratin modulus of elasticity approx 2 GPa Such a stiff material is not inherently sticky however because of the gecko adhesive s hierarchical nature and extremely small distal features spatulae are approx 200 nm in size the gecko s foot is able to intimately conform to the surface and generate significant attraction using van der Waals forces Kwan Garfield T Wexler Jeanne B Wegner Nicholas C Tresguerres Martin February 2019 Ontogenetic changes in cutaneous and branchial ionocytes and morphology in yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares larvae Journal of Comparative Physiology B 189 1 81 95 doi 10 1007 s00360 018 1187 9 ISSN 0174 1578 PMID 30357584 S2CID 53025702 Evans David H Piermarini Peter M Choe Keith P January 2005 The Multifunctional Fish Gill Dominant Site of Gas Exchange Osmoregulation Acid Base Regulation and Excretion of Nitrogenous Waste Physiological Reviews 85 1 97 177 doi 10 1152 physrev 00050 2003 ISSN 0031 9333 PMID 15618479 This anatomy article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Lamella surface anatomy amp oldid 1125217084, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
