In Mandaeism, kushta or kušṭa (Classical Mandaic: ࡊࡅࡔࡈࡀ, lit. 'truth') can have several meanings. Its original literal meaning is "truth" in the Mandaic language, and is thus typically used to refer to the Mandaean religious concept of truth. The same word is also used to refer to a sacred handclasp that is used during Mandaean rituals such as masbuta, masiqta, and priestly initiation ceremonies.[1][2]
Mandaeans believe that in the World of Light, the Mšunia Kušṭa, or the world of ideal counterparts, exists, where everything has a corresponding spiritual pair (dmuta).[1] Alternatively, kušṭa can be used as a synonym for Hayyi Rabbi, or God in Mandaeism.[1]
In the 69th chapter of the Mandaean Book of John, Manda d-Hayyi addresses Etinṣib Ziwa (Splendid Transplant), son of Yushamin, as "Truth, beloved by all excellencies."[3]E. S. Drower interprets a reference in the Haran Gawaita to being looked upon by and rising with Transplant upon death as a reference to Ṣauriel, the Angel of Death.[4] Book 1, chapter 1 of the Left Ginza likewise observes that Ṣauriel is called "Death" in this world, but "Truth" (Kushta) by those who know about him.[5]
The kušṭa handclasp is exchanged dozens of times between the novice and initiator during priest initiation ceremonies. It is also exchanged during rituals that need to be performed by priests, such as masbuta and masiqta rituals.[1]
^ abcdBuckley, Jorunn Jacobsen (2002). The Mandaeans: ancient texts and modern people. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN0-19-515385-5. OCLC 65198443.
^Drower, Ethel Stefana (1937). The Mandaeans of Iraq and Iran. Oxford at the Clarendon Press.
^Häberl, Charles G.; McGrath, James F. (2019). The Mandaean Book of John: Text and Translation(PDF). Open Access Version. Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter.
^Buckley, Jorunn Jacobsen (1982). "A Rehabilitation of Spirit Ruha in Mandaean Religion". History of Religions. 22 (1): 60–84. doi:10.1086/462910. JSTOR 1062203. S2CID 162087047.
^Kraeling, C. H. (1933). "The Mandaic God Ptahil". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 53 (2): 152–165. doi:10.2307/593099. JSTOR 593099.
External linksedit
Sydney 2014 Masbuta 11: Kushta (Oath)
December 20, 2023
kushta, city, istanbul, mandaeism, kushta, kušṭa, classical, mandaic, ࡊࡅࡔࡈࡀ, truth, have, several, meanings, original, literal, meaning, truth, mandaic, language, thus, typically, used, refer, mandaean, religious, concept, truth, same, word, also, used, refer,. For the city see Istanbul In Mandaeism kushta or kusṭa Classical Mandaic ࡊࡅࡔࡈࡀ lit truth can have several meanings Its original literal meaning is truth in the Mandaic language and is thus typically used to refer to the Mandaean religious concept of truth The same word is also used to refer to a sacred handclasp that is used during Mandaean rituals such as masbuta masiqta and priestly initiation ceremonies 1 2 Contents 1 In the World of Light 2 In rituals 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksIn the World of Light editMandaeans believe that in the World of Light the Msunia Kusṭa or the world of ideal counterparts exists where everything has a corresponding spiritual pair dmuta 1 Alternatively kusṭa can be used as a synonym for Hayyi Rabbi or God in Mandaeism 1 In the 69th chapter of the Mandaean Book of John Manda d Hayyi addresses Etinṣib Ziwa Splendid Transplant son of Yushamin as Truth beloved by all excellencies 3 E S Drower interprets a reference in the Haran Gawaita to being looked upon by and rising with Transplant upon death as a reference to Ṣauriel the Angel of Death 4 Book 1 chapter 1 of the Left Ginza likewise observes that Ṣauriel is called Death in this world but Truth Kushta by those who know about him 5 Carl H Kraeling interprets the concept of Kushta as having developed from an entity in the pleroma representing truth as the directive force of Hayyi s actions alongside Manda d Hayyi as his hypostatic reason 6 In rituals editThe kusṭa handclasp is exchanged dozens of times between the novice and initiator during priest initiation ceremonies It is also exchanged during rituals that need to be performed by priests such as masbuta and masiqta rituals 1 See also editDrabsha the symbol of Mandaeism Secret handshake Via et veritas et vita Religious views on truthReferences edit a b c d Buckley Jorunn Jacobsen 2002 The Mandaeans ancient texts and modern people New York Oxford University Press ISBN 0 19 515385 5 OCLC 65198443 Drower Ethel Stefana 1937 The Mandaeans of Iraq and Iran Oxford at the Clarendon Press Haberl Charles G McGrath James F 2019 The Mandaean Book of John Text and Translation PDF Open Access Version Berlin Boston De Gruyter Drower Ethel Stefana 1953 The Haran Gawaita and The Baptism of Hibil Ziwa The Mandaic text reproduced together with translation notes and commentary Vatican City Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana Page 7 footnote 8 Buckley Jorunn Jacobsen 1982 A Rehabilitation of Spirit Ruha in Mandaean Religion History of Religions 22 1 60 84 doi 10 1086 462910 JSTOR 1062203 S2CID 162087047 Kraeling C H 1933 The Mandaic God Ptahil Journal of the American Oriental Society 53 2 152 165 doi 10 2307 593099 JSTOR 593099 External links editSydney 2014 Masbuta 11 Kushta Oath Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Kushta amp oldid 1190229312, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
