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Kundalini yoga

February 13, 2023

This article is about Kundalini yoga as exercise (as taught in yoga schools of the 20th century). For other uses, see Kundalini (disambiguation).

Kundalini yoga (kuṇḍalinī-yoga) derives from kundalini, defined in tantra as energy that lies within the body, frequently at the navel or the base of the spine. In normative tantric systems kundalini is considered to be dormant until it is activated (as by the practice of yoga) and channeled upward through the central channel in a process of spiritual perfection. Other schools, such as Kashmir Shaivism, teach that there are multiple kundalini energies in different parts of the body which are active and do not require awakening. Kundalini is believed by adherents to be power associated with the divine feminine, Shakti.[1][2][3][4] Kundalini yoga as a school of yoga is influenced by Shaktism and Tantra schools of Hinduism.[5] It derives its name through a focus on awakening kundalini energy through regular practice of mantra, tantra, yantra, yoga, laya, haṭha, meditation, or even spontaneously (sahaja).[6][7]

Indian Tantric illustration of the subtle body channels which kundalini transverses

History

 
Drawing of the subtle body in an Indic manuscript showing the energy centres (chakras), the main subtle channels (nadis), and the coiled serpent energy at the base of the spine (kundalini). The serpent is shown again on the left of the drawing.

Name

The Sanskrit adjective kuṇḍala means "circular, annular". It occurs as a noun for "a snake" (in the sense "coiled", as in "forming ringlets") in the 12th-century Rajatarangini chronicle (I.2). Kuṇḍa, a noun which means "bowl, water-pot", is found as the name of a Naga in Mahabharata 1.4828. The Sanskrit feminine noun kuṇḍalī means "ring, bracelet, coil (of a rope)", and is the name of a "serpent-like" Shakti in Tantrism as early as the 11th century, in the Śaradatilaka.[8]

What has become known as "Kundalini yoga" in the 20th century, after a technical term particular to this tradition, is actually a synthesis of Bhakti Yoga (devotion and chanting), Raja Yoga (meditation) and Shakti Yoga (the expression of power and energy)."[9][better source needed] However, it may include haṭha yoga techniques (such as bandha, pranayama, and asana), Patañjali's kriya yoga (consisting of self-discipline, self-study, devotion to God, dhyāna, and samādhi), tantric visualization and meditation techniques of laya yoga (known as samsketas).[10]

Laya may mean either the techniques of yoga or (like Rāja yoga) its effect of "absorption" of the individual into the cosmic.[11] Laya yoga, from the Sanskrit term laya (meaning "dissolution", "extinction", or "absorption"), is almost always described in the context of other Yogas such as in the Yoga-Tattva-Upanishad, the Varaha Upanishad, the Goraksha Paddhati, the Amaraugha Prabodha, and the Dattatreya Yoga Shastra.[12][13] The exact distinctions between traditional yoga schools are often hazy due to a long history of syncretism, hence many of the oldest sources on Kundalini come through manuals of the tantric and haṭha traditions, including the Hatha Yoga Pradipika and the Shiva Samhita. The Shiva Samhita describes the qualified yogi as practicing 'the four yogas' to achieve kundalini awakening, while lesser students may resort solely to one technique or another: "Mantra Yoga and Hatha Yoga. Laya Yoga is the third. The fourth is Raja Yoga. It is free from duality."[14]

Hatha yoga

Further information: Hatha Yoga Pradipika and Yoga-Kundalini Upanishad

The Yoga-Kundalini Upanishad is a syncretistic yoga text related to the schools of Hatha and Mantra yoga.[15]

Other Sanskrit texts treat kundalini as a technical term in tantric yoga, such as the Ṣaṭ-cakra-nirūpana and the Pādukā-pañcaka. These were translated in 1919 by John Woodroffe as The Serpent Power: The Secrets of Tantric and Shaktic Yoga. He identifies the process of involution and its techniques in these texts as a particular form of Tantrik Laya Yoga.[16]

 
Late Kundalini Model of Hatha Yoga[17]

The Yoga-Kundalini Upanishad consists of three short chapters; it begins by stating that Chitta (consciousness) is controlled by Prana, and it is controlled by moderate food, postures and Shakti-Chala (I.1-2). Verses I.3-6 explain the concepts of moderate food and concept, and verse I.7 introduces Kundalini as the name of the Shakti under discussion:

I.7. The Sakti (mentioned above) is only Kundalini. A wise man should take it up from its place (Viz., the navel, upwards) to the middle of the eyebrows. This is called Sakti-Chala.
I.8. In practising it, two things are necessary, Sarasvati-Chalana and the restraint of Prana (breath). Then through practice, Kundalini (which is spiral) becomes straightened.[18]

Modern forms

Sivananda Saraswati

Main article: Sivananda Saraswati

Sivananda introduced many readers to Kundalini yoga with his book on the subject in 1935. This book has in-depth details about Kundalini yoga,[19] and combines laya teachings from older sources, including the Hathapradipika.[20]

Together with other currents of Hindu revivalism and Neo-Hinduism, Kundalini yoga became popular in the 1960s to 1980s western counterculture.[citation needed]

Yogi Bhajan

Main article: Harbhajan Singh Khalsa

In 1968, Harbhajan Singh Khalsa, also known as Yogi Bhajan, introduced his own brand of kundalini yoga into the United States, "Kundalini Yoga as taught by Yogi Bhajan". Yogi Bhajan founded the "Healthy, Happy, Holy Organization" (3HO) as a teaching organization. Former Kundalini teacher and scholar Philip Deslippe claims that Yogi Bhajan took yogic postures and techniques, attached them to Tantric theories and Sikh mantras, synthesizing a new form of 'Kundalini' yoga. "When placed alongside the teachings of Swami Dhirendra Brahmachari and Maharaj Virsa Singh, it becomes strikingly apparent that at least in its earliest years, Yogi Bhajan's Kundalini yoga was not a distinct practice, but essentially a combination of yogic mechanics learned from the former and the Sikh-derived mantras (Ik Ongkaar, Sat Naam, Sri Waheguru) and chanting from the latter", Deslippe writes.[21]

Principles

Kundalini is the term for "a spiritual energy or life force located at the base of the spine", conceptualized as a coiled-up serpent. The practice of Kundalini yoga is supposed to arouse the sleeping Kundalini Shakti from its coiled base through the 6 chakras, and penetrate the 7th chakra, or crown. This energy is said to travel along the ida (left), pingala (right) and central, or sushumna nadi - the main channels of pranic energy in the body.[22]

Kundalini energy is technically explained as being sparked during yogic breathing when prana and apana blends at the 3rd chakra (navel center) at which point it initially drops down to the 1st and 2nd chakras before traveling up to the spine to the higher centers of the brain to activate the golden cord - the connection between the pituitary and pineal glands - and penetrate the 7 chakras.[23]

Borrowing and integrating many different approaches, Kundalini Yoga can be understood as a tri-fold approach of Bhakti yoga for devotion, Shakti yoga for power, and Raja yoga for mental power and control. Its purpose through the daily practice of kriyas and meditation in sadhana are described as a practical technology of human consciousness for humans to achieve their total creative potential. With the practice of Kundalini Yoga one is thought able to liberate oneself from one's Karma and to realize one's Dharma (Life Purpose).[24]

Practice

The practice of kriyas and meditations in Kundalini Yoga are designed to raise complete body awareness to prepare the body, nervous system, and mind to handle the energy of Kundalini rising. The majority of the physical postures focus on navel activity, activity of the spine, and selective pressurization of body points and meridians. Breath work and the application of bandhas (3 yogic locks) aid to release, direct and control the flow of Kundalini energy from the lower centers to the higher energetic centers.[25]

Along with the many kriyas, meditations and practices of Kundalini Yoga, a simple breathing technique of alternate nostril breathing (left nostril, right nostril) is taught as a method to cleanse the nadis, or subtle channels and pathways, to help awaken Kundalini energy.[26]

Sovatsky (1998) adapts a developmental and evolutionary perspective in his interpretation of Kundalini Yoga. That is, he interprets Kundalini Yoga as a catalyst for psycho-spiritual growth and bodily maturation. According to this interpretation of yoga, the body bows itself into greater maturation [...], none of which should be considered mere stretching exercises.[27]

See also

References

  1. ^ Saraswati, Swami Satyananda (1984). Kundalini Tantra (2nd ed.). Munger, Bihar, India: Bihar School of Yoga. pp. 34–36. ISBN 978-8185787152.
  2. ^ Judith, Anodea (2004). Eastern Body, Western Mind: Psychology and the Chakra System as a Path to the Self (Revised ed.). Berkeley, California: Celestial Arts. pp. 451–454. ISBN 978-1-58761-225-1.
  3. ^ Paulson, Genevieve Lewis (1998). Kundalini and the Chakras: A Practical Manual--evolution in this Lifetime (1st ed.). St. Paul, Minnesota: Llewellyn Publications. pp. 7–10, 194. ISBN 978-0-87542-592-4.
  4. ^ Williams, W. F. (2000). "Kundalini". Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience: From Alien Abductions to Zone Therapy. Routledge. p. 211. ISBN 978-1-135-95522-9.
  5. ^ "Kundalini Yoga". www.dlshq.org.
  6. ^ "Spotlight on Kundalini Yoga". Yoga Journal. Retrieved 8 October 2013.
  7. ^ Swami Sivananda Radha, 2004, pp. 13, 15
  8. ^ André Padoux, Vāc: The Concept of the Word in Selected Hindu Tantras, SUNY Press, 1990, 124-136.
  9. ^ "What Is Kundalini Yoga". 19 March 2020. Retrieved 21 December 2021.
  10. ^ Mallinson, James. "Dattātreya's Discourse on Yoga". 24 June 2013. accessed 25 October 2015. https://www.academia.edu/3773137/Translation_of_the_Datt%C4%81treyayoga%C5%9B%C4%81stra_the_earliest_text_to_teach_ha%E1%B9%ADhayoga . "The Yoga of Dissolution (layayoga) happens as a result of the dissolution of the mind by means of esoteric techniques (saṃketas). Ādinātha has taught eighty million esoteric techniques."
  11. ^ Woodroffe, John. 'The Serpent Power'. Illustrations, Tables, Highlights and Images by Veeraswamy Krishnara (PDF). pp. 88–89. Retrieved 25 October 2015. YOGA is sometimes understood as meaning the result and not the process which leads to it. According to this meaning of the term, and from the standpoint of natural dualism, Yoga has been described to be the union of the individual spirit with god." and "the ecstatic condition in which the 'equality' that is identity of Jīvātmā and Paramātma is realized. The experience is achieved after the absorption (Laya) of Prāṇa and Manas and the cessation of all ideation (Saṁkalpa)
  12. ^ Mallinson, James (24 June 2013). Dattātreya's Discourse on Yoga. Retrieved 25 October 2015. Yoga has many forms, o brahmin. I shall explain all that to you: the Yoga of Mantras (mantrayoga), the Yoga of Dissolution (layayoga) and the Yoga of Force (haṭhayoga). The fourth is the Royal Yoga (rājayoga); it is the best of yogas
  13. ^ Feuerstein, Georg (11 September 2013). The Yoga Tradition: Its History, Literature, Philosophy and Practice (Kindle Locations 14031-14032 and others) (Kindle ed.). Hohm Press. It speaks (line 28) of Mantra- Yoga as a lower (adhama) form of Yoga and praises (line 29) Laya-Yoga as a means of achieving complete absorption (laya) of the mind
  14. ^ Mallinson, James (1 January 2007). The Shiva Samhita: A Critical Edition and an English Translation (Kindle Locations 100-101) and (Kindle Locations 799-825) (Kindle ed.). YogaVidya.com. As Hatha Yoga, originally the preserve of the unorthodox Nathas, grew in popularity in the medieval period, the orthodox Shaivas sought to incorporate it within their soteriology, and thus the Shiva Samhita may be an example of this appropriation." and "He is sure to achieve perfection in three years. He is entitled to practice all Yogas. In this there is no doubt.
  15. ^ Larson, Gerald James (2008). The Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies: Yoga: India's philosophy of meditation. Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-81-208-3349-4, p. 476, 615-617
  16. ^ Woodroffe, John. "The Serpent Power". Illustrations, Tables, Highlights and Images by Veeraswamy Krishnara. p. 11. Accessed 25 October 2015. http://www.bhagavadgitausa.com/Serpent%20Power%20Complete.pdf "when dealing with the practice of Yoga, the rule is that things dissolve into that from which they originate, and the Yoga process here described is such dissolution (Laya)"
  17. ^ Mallinson, James; Singleton, Mark (2017). Roots of Yoga. Penguin Books. pp. 180–181. ISBN 978-0-241-25304-5. OCLC 928480104.
  18. ^ trans. K. Narayanasvami Aiyar Astrojyoti.com, based on a translation first published in 1891 in The Theosophist, Volume 12.
  19. ^ "Kundalini Yoga". Retrieved 15 September 2018.
  20. ^ Swami Sivananda (4th ed. 2007), page 32
  21. ^ Deslippe, Philip Roland (14 March 2013). "From Maharaj to Mahan Tantric: The Construction of Yogi Bhajan's Kundalini Yoga". Sikh Formations. 8 (3) – via escholarship.org.
  22. ^ Swami Sivananda (4th ed. 2007) page 12
  23. ^ Yogi Bhajan (2007). The Aquarian Teacher, KRI International Teacher Training in Kundalini Yoga as taught by Yogi Bhajan (4th ed.). Kundalini Research Institute. pp. 176–179.
  24. ^ Yogi Bhajan (2007). The Aquarian Teacher, KRI International Teacher Training in Kundalini Yoga as taught by Yogi Bhajan (4th ed.). Kundalini Research Institute. p. 20.
  25. ^ Yogi Bhajan, The Aquarian Teacher, KRI International Teacher Training in Kundalini Yoga as taught by Yogi Bhajan, Kundalini Research Institute, 4th Edition, 2007, page 177
  26. ^ Swami Sivananda (4th ed. 2007) page 23
  27. ^ Sovatsky, Stuart (1998) Words from the Soul: Time, East/West Spirituality, and Psychotherapeutic Narrative, Suny Series in Transpersonal and Humanistic Psychology, New York: State University of New York Press, p. 142

Further reading

  • Arambula, P; Peper, E; Kawakami, M; Gibney, KH (2001). "The Physiological Correlates of Kundalini Yoga Meditation: A Study of a Yoga Master". Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 26 (2): 147–53. doi:10.1023/a:1011343307783. PMID 11480165. S2CID 18448634.
  • Cromie, William J. (2002) Research: Meditation Changes Temperatures: Mind Controls Body in Extreme Experiments. Harvard University Gazette, 18 April 2002.
  • Eastman, David T. "Kundalini Demystified", Yoga Journal, September 1985, pp. 7–43, California Yoga Teachers Association.
  • Laue, Thorsten: Tantra im Westen. Eine religionswissenschaftliche Studie über „Weißes Tantra Yoga“, „Kundalini Yoga“ und „Sikh Dharma“ in Yogi Bhajans „Healthy, Happy, Holy Organization“ (3HO) unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der „3H Organisation Deutschland e. V.“, Münster: LIT, 2012, zugl.: Tübingen, Univ., Diss., 2011, ISBN 978-3-643-11447-1 [in German]
  • Laue, Thorsten: Kundalini Yoga, Yogi Tee und das Wassermannzeitalter. Bibliografische Einblicke in die Healthy, Happy, Holy Organization (3HO) des Yogi Bhajan. Tübingen: 2008. Online at . Tobias-lib.ub.uni-tuebingen.de. 31 October 2008. Archived from the original on 10 June 2009. Retrieved 2 January 2011. [in German].
  • Laue, Thorsten: Kundalini Yoga, Yogi Tee und das Wassermannzeitalter. Religionswissenschaftliche Einblicke in die Healthy, Happy, Holy Organization (3HO) des Yogi Bhajan, Münster: LIT, 2007, ISBN 978-3-8258-0140-3 [in German].
  • Narayan, R; Kamat, A; Khanolkar, M; Kamat, S; Desai, SR; Dhume, RA (October 1990). "Quantitative evaluation of muscle relaxation induced by Kundalini yoga with the help of EMG integrator". Indian J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 34 (4): 279–81. PMID 2100290.
  • Peng, CK; Mietus, JE; Liu, Y; et al. (July 1999). "Exaggerated heart rate oscillations during two meditation techniques". Int. J. Cardiol. 70 (2): 101–7. doi:10.1016/s0167-5273(99)00066-2. PMID 10454297.
  • Swami Sivananda, Kundalini Yoga (1935).
  • Sivananda Radha Saraswati, Kundalini Yoga for the West (1979; 2nd ed. 1996)
  • The Aquarian Teacher, KRI International Teacher Training in Kundalini Yoga as taught by Yogi Bhajan, Kundalini Research Institute, 4th Edition, 2007.
  • Turner, Robert P.; Lukoff, David; Barnhouse, Ruth Tiffany; Lu, Francis G. (1995). "Religious or Spiritual Problem. A Culturally Sensitive Diagnostic Category in the DSM-IV". Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 183 (7): 435–444. doi:10.1097/00005053-199507000-00003. PMID 7623015.

External links

  • Kundalini Awakening by uncoilingsnake.com
  • Kundalini Yoga by Swami Shivananda
  • ReligionFacts.com - Kundalini Yoga
  • Kundalini Yogas FAQ
  • 100 rules of flow
  • Lies And Damn Lies About Kundalini Yoga
  • Abuse in Kundalini Yoga as taught by Yogi Bhajan

February 13, 2023
kundalini, yoga, this, article, about, exercise, taught, yoga, schools, 20th, century, other, uses, kundalini, disambiguation, kuṇḍalinī, yoga, derives, from, kundalini, defined, tantra, energy, that, lies, within, body, frequently, navel, base, spine, normati. This article is about Kundalini yoga as exercise as taught in yoga schools of the 20th century For other uses see Kundalini disambiguation Kundalini yoga kuṇḍalini yoga derives from kundalini defined in tantra as energy that lies within the body frequently at the navel or the base of the spine In normative tantric systems kundalini is considered to be dormant until it is activated as by the practice of yoga and channeled upward through the central channel in a process of spiritual perfection Other schools such as Kashmir Shaivism teach that there are multiple kundalini energies in different parts of the body which are active and do not require awakening Kundalini is believed by adherents to be power associated with the divine feminine Shakti 1 2 3 4 Kundalini yoga as a school of yoga is influenced by Shaktism and Tantra schools of Hinduism 5 It derives its name through a focus on awakening kundalini energy through regular practice of mantra tantra yantra yoga laya haṭha meditation or even spontaneously sahaja 6 7 Indian Tantric illustration of the subtle body channels which kundalini transverses Contents 1 History 1 1 Name 1 2 Hatha yoga 2 Modern forms 2 1 Sivananda Saraswati 2 2 Yogi Bhajan 3 Principles 4 Practice 5 See also 6 References 7 Further reading 8 External linksHistory Edit Drawing of the subtle body in an Indic manuscript showing the energy centres chakras the main subtle channels nadis and the coiled serpent energy at the base of the spine kundalini The serpent is shown again on the left of the drawing Name Edit The Sanskrit adjective kuṇḍala means circular annular It occurs as a noun for a snake in the sense coiled as in forming ringlets in the 12th century Rajatarangini chronicle I 2 Kuṇḍa a noun which means bowl water pot is found as the name of a Naga in Mahabharata 1 4828 The Sanskrit feminine noun kuṇḍali means ring bracelet coil of a rope and is the name of a serpent like Shakti in Tantrism as early as the 11th century in the Saradatilaka 8 What has become known as Kundalini yoga in the 20th century after a technical term particular to this tradition is actually a synthesis of Bhakti Yoga devotion and chanting Raja Yoga meditation and Shakti Yoga the expression of power and energy 9 better source needed However it may include haṭha yoga techniques such as bandha pranayama and asana Patanjali s kriya yoga consisting of self discipline self study devotion to God dhyana and samadhi tantric visualization and meditation techniques of laya yoga known as samsketas 10 Laya may mean either the techniques of yoga or like Raja yoga its effect of absorption of the individual into the cosmic 11 Laya yoga from the Sanskrit term laya meaning dissolution extinction or absorption is almost always described in the context of other Yogas such as in the Yoga Tattva Upanishad the Varaha Upanishad the Goraksha Paddhati the Amaraugha Prabodha and the Dattatreya Yoga Shastra 12 13 The exact distinctions between traditional yoga schools are often hazy due to a long history of syncretism hence many of the oldest sources on Kundalini come through manuals of the tantric and haṭha traditions including the Hatha Yoga Pradipika and the Shiva Samhita The Shiva Samhita describes the qualified yogi as practicing the four yogas to achieve kundalini awakening while lesser students may resort solely to one technique or another Mantra Yoga and Hatha Yoga Laya Yoga is the third The fourth is Raja Yoga It is free from duality 14 Hatha yoga Edit Further information Hatha Yoga Pradipika and Yoga Kundalini Upanishad The Yoga Kundalini Upanishad is a syncretistic yoga text related to the schools of Hatha and Mantra yoga 15 Other Sanskrit texts treat kundalini as a technical term in tantric yoga such as the Ṣaṭ cakra nirupana and the Paduka pancaka These were translated in 1919 by John Woodroffe as The Serpent Power The Secrets of Tantric and Shaktic Yoga He identifies the process of involution and its techniques in these texts as a particular form of Tantrik Laya Yoga 16 Late Kundalini Model of Hatha Yoga 17 The Yoga Kundalini Upanishad consists of three short chapters it begins by stating that Chitta consciousness is controlled by Prana and it is controlled by moderate food postures and Shakti Chala I 1 2 Verses I 3 6 explain the concepts of moderate food and concept and verse I 7 introduces Kundalini as the name of the Shakti under discussion I 7 The Sakti mentioned above is only Kundalini A wise man should take it up from its place Viz the navel upwards to the middle of the eyebrows This is called Sakti Chala I 8 In practising it two things are necessary Sarasvati Chalana and the restraint of Prana breath Then through practice Kundalini which is spiral becomes straightened 18 Modern forms EditSivananda Saraswati Edit Main article Sivananda Saraswati Sivananda introduced many readers to Kundalini yoga with his book on the subject in 1935 This book has in depth details about Kundalini yoga 19 and combines laya teachings from older sources including the Hathapradipika 20 Together with other currents of Hindu revivalism and Neo Hinduism Kundalini yoga became popular in the 1960s to 1980s western counterculture citation needed Yogi Bhajan Edit Main article Harbhajan Singh Khalsa In 1968 Harbhajan Singh Khalsa also known as Yogi Bhajan introduced his own brand of kundalini yoga into the United States Kundalini Yoga as taught by Yogi Bhajan Yogi Bhajan founded the Healthy Happy Holy Organization 3HO as a teaching organization Former Kundalini teacher and scholar Philip Deslippe claims that Yogi Bhajan took yogic postures and techniques attached them to Tantric theories and Sikh mantras synthesizing a new form of Kundalini yoga When placed alongside the teachings of Swami Dhirendra Brahmachari and Maharaj Virsa Singh it becomes strikingly apparent that at least in its earliest years Yogi Bhajan s Kundalini yoga was not a distinct practice but essentially a combination of yogic mechanics learned from the former and the Sikh derived mantras Ik Ongkaar Sat Naam Sri Waheguru and chanting from the latter Deslippe writes 21 Principles EditKundalini is the term for a spiritual energy or life force located at the base of the spine conceptualized as a coiled up serpent The practice of Kundalini yoga is supposed to arouse the sleeping Kundalini Shakti from its coiled base through the 6 chakras and penetrate the 7th chakra or crown This energy is said to travel along the ida left pingala right and central or sushumna nadi the main channels of pranic energy in the body 22 Kundalini energy is technically explained as being sparked during yogic breathing when prana and apana blends at the 3rd chakra navel center at which point it initially drops down to the 1st and 2nd chakras before traveling up to the spine to the higher centers of the brain to activate the golden cord the connection between the pituitary and pineal glands and penetrate the 7 chakras 23 Borrowing and integrating many different approaches Kundalini Yoga can be understood as a tri fold approach of Bhakti yoga for devotion Shakti yoga for power and Raja yoga for mental power and control Its purpose through the daily practice of kriyas and meditation in sadhana are described as a practical technology of human consciousness for humans to achieve their total creative potential With the practice of Kundalini Yoga one is thought able to liberate oneself from one s Karma and to realize one s Dharma Life Purpose 24 Practice EditThe practice of kriyas and meditations in Kundalini Yoga are designed to raise complete body awareness to prepare the body nervous system and mind to handle the energy of Kundalini rising The majority of the physical postures focus on navel activity activity of the spine and selective pressurization of body points and meridians Breath work and the application of bandhas 3 yogic locks aid to release direct and control the flow of Kundalini energy from the lower centers to the higher energetic centers 25 Along with the many kriyas meditations and practices of Kundalini Yoga a simple breathing technique of alternate nostril breathing left nostril right nostril is taught as a method to cleanse the nadis or subtle channels and pathways to help awaken Kundalini energy 26 Sovatsky 1998 adapts a developmental and evolutionary perspective in his interpretation of Kundalini Yoga That is he interprets Kundalini Yoga as a catalyst for psycho spiritual growth and bodily maturation According to this interpretation of yoga the body bows itself into greater maturation none of which should be considered mere stretching exercises 27 See also EditCharismatic Christianity John Woodroffe Arthur Avalon wrote The Serpent Power The Secrets of Tantric and Shaktic Yoga in 1919 Kriya Yoga Pentecostalism Sahaja Yoga Guru JagatReferences Edit Saraswati Swami Satyananda 1984 Kundalini Tantra 2nd ed Munger Bihar India Bihar School of Yoga pp 34 36 ISBN 978 8185787152 Judith Anodea 2004 Eastern Body Western Mind Psychology and the Chakra System as a Path to the Self Revised ed Berkeley California Celestial Arts pp 451 454 ISBN 978 1 58761 225 1 Paulson Genevieve Lewis 1998 Kundalini and the Chakras A Practical Manual evolution in this Lifetime 1st ed St Paul Minnesota Llewellyn Publications pp 7 10 194 ISBN 978 0 87542 592 4 Williams W F 2000 Kundalini Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience From Alien Abductions to Zone Therapy Routledge p 211 ISBN 978 1 135 95522 9 Kundalini Yoga www dlshq org Spotlight on Kundalini Yoga Yoga Journal Retrieved 8 October 2013 Swami Sivananda Radha 2004 pp 13 15 Andre Padoux Vac The Concept of the Word in Selected Hindu Tantras SUNY Press 1990 124 136 What Is Kundalini Yoga 19 March 2020 Retrieved 21 December 2021 Mallinson James Dattatreya s Discourse on Yoga 24 June 2013 accessed 25 October 2015 https www academia edu 3773137 Translation of the Datt C4 81treyayoga C5 9B C4 81stra the earliest text to teach ha E1 B9 ADhayoga The Yoga of Dissolution layayoga happens as a result of the dissolution of the mind by means of esoteric techniques saṃketas Adinatha has taught eighty million esoteric techniques Woodroffe John The Serpent Power Illustrations Tables Highlights and Images by Veeraswamy Krishnara PDF pp 88 89 Retrieved 25 October 2015 YOGA is sometimes understood as meaning the result and not the process which leads to it According to this meaning of the term and from the standpoint of natural dualism Yoga has been described to be the union of the individual spirit with god and the ecstatic condition in which the equality that is identity of Jivatma and Paramatma is realized The experience is achieved after the absorption Laya of Praṇa and Manas and the cessation of all ideation Saṁkalpa Mallinson James 24 June 2013 Dattatreya s Discourse on Yoga Retrieved 25 October 2015 Yoga has many forms o brahmin I shall explain all that to you the Yoga of Mantras mantrayoga the Yoga of Dissolution layayoga and the Yoga of Force haṭhayoga The fourth is the Royal Yoga rajayoga it is the best of yogas Feuerstein Georg 11 September 2013 The Yoga Tradition Its History Literature Philosophy and Practice Kindle Locations 14031 14032 and others Kindle ed Hohm Press It speaks line 28 of Mantra Yoga as a lower adhama form of Yoga and praises line 29 Laya Yoga as a means of achieving complete absorption laya of the mind Mallinson James 1 January 2007 The Shiva Samhita A Critical Edition and an English Translation Kindle Locations 100 101 and Kindle Locations 799 825 Kindle ed YogaVidya com As Hatha Yoga originally the preserve of the unorthodox Nathas grew in popularity in the medieval period the orthodox Shaivas sought to incorporate it within their soteriology and thus the Shiva Samhita may be an example of this appropriation and He is sure to achieve perfection in three years He is entitled to practice all Yogas In this there is no doubt Larson Gerald James 2008 The Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies Yoga India s philosophy of meditation Motilal Banarsidass ISBN 978 81 208 3349 4 p 476 615 617 Woodroffe John The Serpent Power Illustrations Tables Highlights and Images by Veeraswamy Krishnara p 11 Accessed 25 October 2015 http www bhagavadgitausa com Serpent 20Power 20Complete pdf when dealing with the practice of Yoga the rule is that things dissolve into that from which they originate and the Yoga process here described is such dissolution Laya Mallinson James Singleton Mark 2017 Roots of Yoga Penguin Books pp 180 181 ISBN 978 0 241 25304 5 OCLC 928480104 trans K Narayanasvami Aiyar Astrojyoti com based on a translation first published in 1891 in The Theosophist Volume 12 Kundalini Yoga Retrieved 15 September 2018 Swami Sivananda 4th ed 2007 page 32 Deslippe Philip Roland 14 March 2013 From Maharaj to Mahan Tantric The Construction of Yogi Bhajan s Kundalini Yoga Sikh Formations 8 3 via escholarship org Swami Sivananda 4th ed 2007 page 12 Yogi Bhajan 2007 The Aquarian Teacher KRI International Teacher Training in Kundalini Yoga as taught by Yogi Bhajan 4th ed Kundalini Research Institute pp 176 179 Yogi Bhajan 2007 The Aquarian Teacher KRI International Teacher Training in Kundalini Yoga as taught by Yogi Bhajan 4th ed Kundalini Research Institute p 20 Yogi Bhajan The Aquarian Teacher KRI International Teacher Training in Kundalini Yoga as taught by Yogi Bhajan Kundalini Research Institute 4th Edition 2007 page 177 Swami Sivananda 4th ed 2007 page 23 Sovatsky Stuart 1998 Words from the Soul Time East West Spirituality and Psychotherapeutic Narrative Suny Series in Transpersonal and Humanistic Psychology New York State University of New York Press p 142Further reading EditArambula P Peper E Kawakami M Gibney KH 2001 The Physiological Correlates of Kundalini Yoga Meditation A Study of a Yoga Master Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 26 2 147 53 doi 10 1023 a 1011343307783 PMID 11480165 S2CID 18448634 Cromie William J 2002 Research Meditation Changes Temperatures Mind Controls Body in Extreme Experiments Harvard University Gazette 18 April 2002 Eastman David T Kundalini Demystified Yoga Journal September 1985 pp 7 43 California Yoga Teachers Association Laue Thorsten Tantra im Westen Eine religionswissenschaftliche Studie uber Weisses Tantra Yoga Kundalini Yoga und Sikh Dharma in Yogi Bhajans Healthy Happy Holy Organization 3HO unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der 3H Organisation Deutschland e V Munster LIT 2012 zugl Tubingen Univ Diss 2011 ISBN 978 3 643 11447 1 in German Laue Thorsten Kundalini Yoga Yogi Tee und das Wassermannzeitalter Bibliografische Einblicke in die Healthy Happy Holy Organization 3HO des Yogi Bhajan Tubingen 2008 Online at TOBIAS lib Zugang zum Dokument Kundalini Yoga Yogi Tee und das Wassermannzeitalter Bibliografische Einblicke in die Healthy Happy Holy Organization 3HO des Yogi Bhajan Laue Thorsten Tobias lib ub uni tuebingen de 31 October 2008 Archived from the original on 10 June 2009 Retrieved 2 January 2011 in German Laue Thorsten Kundalini Yoga Yogi Tee und das Wassermannzeitalter Religionswissenschaftliche Einblicke in die Healthy Happy Holy Organization 3HO des Yogi Bhajan Munster LIT 2007 ISBN 978 3 8258 0140 3 in German Narayan R Kamat A Khanolkar M Kamat S Desai SR Dhume RA October 1990 Quantitative evaluation of muscle relaxation induced by Kundalini yoga with the help of EMG integrator Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 34 4 279 81 PMID 2100290 Peng CK Mietus JE Liu Y et al July 1999 Exaggerated heart rate oscillations during two meditation techniques Int J Cardiol 70 2 101 7 doi 10 1016 s0167 5273 99 00066 2 PMID 10454297 Swami Sivananda Kundalini Yoga 1935 Sivananda Radha Saraswati Kundalini Yoga for the West 1979 2nd ed 1996 The Aquarian Teacher KRI International Teacher Training in Kundalini Yoga as taught by Yogi Bhajan Kundalini Research Institute 4th Edition 2007 Turner Robert P Lukoff David Barnhouse Ruth Tiffany Lu Francis G 1995 Religious or Spiritual Problem A Culturally Sensitive Diagnostic Category in the DSM IV Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 183 7 435 444 doi 10 1097 00005053 199507000 00003 PMID 7623015 External links EditKundalini Awakening by uncoilingsnake com Kundalini Yoga by Swami Shivananda ReligionFacts com Kundalini Yoga Kundalini Yogas FAQ 100 rules of flow Lies And Damn Lies About Kundalini Yoga Abuse in Kundalini Yoga as taught by Yogi Bhajan Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Kundalini yoga amp oldid 1132494339, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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