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Kota Kapur inscription

Kota Kapur Inscription is an inscription discovered in western coast of Bangka Island, offcoast South Sumatra, Indonesia, by J.K. van der Meulen in December 1892. It was named after the village of the same name which is the location where this archaeological findings were discovered.

Kota Kapur Inscription
Kota Kapur inscription pinnacle
MaterialStone
WritingPallava script
Created28 February 686 CE
DiscoveredDecember 1892
Bangka Island, South Sumatra, Indonesia
Discovered byJ.K. van der Meulen
Present locationNational Museum of Indonesia, Jakarta
RegistrationD. 80
LanguageOld Malay

This inscription is using Old Malay language written in Pallava script. It was one of the oldest surviving written evidence of ancient Malay language. The inscription dated first day of half moon Vaiśākha on the year 608 Śaka (28 February 686 CE), mentioned about the curse of whomever committed treason against Srivijaya and the beginning of Srivijayan invasion against Java.

The inscription was first examined and dated by H. Kern, a Dutch epigrapher that worked for Bataviaasch Genootschap in Batavia. At first he thought that Srivijaya was the name of a king.

George Cœdès noted the name on the inscriptions was that of Srivijaya, a Buddhist kingdom in 638–86, "that had just conquered the hinterland of Jambi and the island of Bangka and was preparing to launch a military expedition against Java." The name corresponds to Yijing's.[1]: 82 

Content

Kota Kapur inscriptions is one of the five inscriptions edicted by Sri Jayanasa, the ruler of Srivijaya. Most of this inscriptions contains curse for crime, trespassing and treasons against Srivijaya. The contents was translated by Cœdès:

Transliteration

Line Transliteration
1 siddha titaṃ hamvan vari avai kandra kāyet nipaihumpaan namuha ulu lavan tandrun luaḥ makamatai tandrun luaḥ vinunu paihumpaan hakairu muaḥ kāyet nihumpa unai tuṅai
2 umenteṃ bhaktī ni ulun haraki unai tuṅai kita savañakta devata maharddhika sannidhāna maṃrakṣa yaṃ kadatuan śrīvijaya kita tuvi tandrun luaḥ vañakta devata mūlāña yaṃ parsumpahan
3 parāvis kadāci yaṃ uraṃ di dalaṃña bhūmi ājñāña kadatuan inī parāvis drohaka haṅun samavuddhi lavan drohaka maṅujāri drohaka niujāri drohaka tāhu diṃ drohaka tīdaya
4 marppādaḥ tīda ya bhakti tīda ya tatvārjjava diy āku dṅan di iyaṃ nigalarku sanyāsa datūa dhava vuatña uraṃ inan nivunuḥ ya sumpaḥ nisuruḥ tāpik ya mulaṃ parvvāṇḍan dātu śrīvi-
5 jaya tālu muaḥ ya dṅan gotrasantānāña tathāpi savañakña yaṃ vuatña jāhat makalaṅit uraṃ makasākit makagīla mantrā gada viṣaprayoga upuḥ tūva tāmval
6 sarāmvat kasīhan vaśīkaraṇa ityevamādi jāṅan muaḥ ya siddha pulaṃ ka iya muaḥ yaṃ doṣāña vuatña jāhat inan tathāpi nivunuḥ ya sumpaḥ tuvi mulaṃ yaṃ mañu-
7 ruḥ marjjahāti yaṃ marjjahāti yaṃ vātu nipratiṣṭha ini tuvi nivunuḥ ya sumpaḥ tālu muaḥ ya mulaṃ sāraṃbhāña uraṃ drohaka tida bhakti tida tatrārjjava diy āku dhava vua-
8 tña nivunuḥ ya sumpaḥ ini graṅ kadāci iya bhakti tatrārjjava diy āku dṅan di yaṃ nigalarku sanyāsa datūa śanti muaḥ kavualāña dṅan gotrasantānāña
9 samṛddha svastha niroga nirupadrava subhikṣa muaḥ yaṃ vanuāña parāvis śaka varṣātīta 608 diṃ pratipada śuklapakṣa vulan vaiśākha tatkālāña
10 yaṃ maṃmaṃ sumpaḥ ini nipāhat di velāña yaṃ vala śrīvijaya kalivat manāpik yaṃ bhūmi jāva tida bhakti ka śrīvijaya

Translation

  1. Success ! (followed probably by cursing mantra formula that cannot be understood or translated)
  2. All oh thou gods almighty, all that gathered to protect Kadatuan (palace/kingdom) Srivijaya; all of thou gods that starts the beginning of the swear of all swear (curse)!!
  3. If in this lands, the realm under Kadatuan rule, there is a rebel, conspired with rebel, talk to rebel, and listen to rebel;
  4. know the rebel, dishonor, ungrateful, unfaithful to me or those whom I've appointed as datu; may all people that commit those deeds will die caused by curse or fell under expedition (war campaign) against them wage by a datu or led by several datus od Srivijaya, and let them;
  5. punished altogether with their clan and family. Moreover, let the evil deeds; such as disturbing other's soul, make other sick, cause people to suffer madness, using mantra (magic spell), poison, using upas (poison), tuba (poison), and ganja (marijuana),
  6. saramwat (?), pekasih (love charm), force themself upon others, and many other things, may all that deed will not succeed and strike back to those whom guilty for that evil deeds; may all die because of curse. Also those whom spread evil rumors to sway people.
  7. May those whom destroy the stone placed in this place also die because of the curse and directly punished. May all murderer, rebel, all of those ungrateful and unfaithful to me, all the performer of those deeds
  8. die because of curse. But for those whom obey and faithful to me and those whom I have appointed as datu, may all their efforts are blessed, also their clan and family
  9. with success, welfare, good health, freed from disaster, abundance everything for all their lands! In the year 608 Saka, first day of half moon Vaisakha (28 February 686), in that time
  10. this curse is said; the carving took place during the Srivijaya army just departed to attack Java, which is not submit to Srivijaya.

The inscriptions was carved on a pinnacle stone with several sides, with 177 cm height, 32 cm width on base and 19 cm width on top.

Significance

Kota Kapur inscription was the first Srivijayan inscription discovered, long before the discovery of the Kedukan Bukit Inscription on 29 November 1920, and before the Talang Tuwo inscription that was discovered several days earlier on 17 November 1920.

The Kota Kapur inscription, together with other archaeological findings in the region, was the testament of Srivijaya era. It has opened a new horizon and revealed the history of Hindu-Buddhist era in that area. This inscription also uncovered the ancient society inhabiting the region during 6th and 7th century that clearly shows Hindu-Buddhist influence.[2]

See also

References

  1. ^ Coedès, George (1968). Walter F. Vella (ed.). The Indianized States of Southeast Asia. trans.Susan Brown Cowing. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-0368-1.
  2. ^ . Archived from the original on 2006-04-21. Retrieved 2010-04-12.

kota, kapur, inscription, kota, kapur, inscription, inscription, discovered, western, coast, bangka, island, offcoast, south, sumatra, indonesia, meulen, december, 1892, named, after, village, same, name, which, location, where, this, archaeological, findings,. Kota Kapur Inscription is an inscription discovered in western coast of Bangka Island offcoast South Sumatra Indonesia by J K van der Meulen in December 1892 It was named after the village of the same name which is the location where this archaeological findings were discovered Kota Kapur InscriptionKota Kapur inscription pinnacleMaterialStoneWritingPallava scriptCreated28 February 686 CEDiscoveredDecember 1892Bangka Island South Sumatra IndonesiaDiscovered byJ K van der MeulenPresent locationNational Museum of Indonesia JakartaRegistrationD 80LanguageOld MalayThis inscription is using Old Malay language written in Pallava script It was one of the oldest surviving written evidence of ancient Malay language The inscription dated first day of half moon Vaisakha on the year 608 Saka 28 February 686 CE mentioned about the curse of whomever committed treason against Srivijaya and the beginning of Srivijayan invasion against Java The inscription was first examined and dated by H Kern a Dutch epigrapher that worked for Bataviaasch Genootschap in Batavia At first he thought that Srivijaya was the name of a king George Cœdes noted the name on the inscriptions was that of Srivijaya a Buddhist kingdom in 638 86 that had just conquered the hinterland of Jambi and the island of Bangka and was preparing to launch a military expedition against Java The name corresponds to Yijing s 1 82 Contents 1 Content 1 1 Transliteration 1 2 Translation 2 Significance 3 See also 4 ReferencesContent EditKota Kapur inscriptions is one of the five inscriptions edicted by Sri Jayanasa the ruler of Srivijaya Most of this inscriptions contains curse for crime trespassing and treasons against Srivijaya The contents was translated by Cœdes Transliteration Edit Line Transliteration1 siddha titaṃ hamvan vari avai kandra kayet nipaihumpaan namuha ulu lavan tandrun luaḥ makamatai tandrun luaḥ vinunu paihumpaan hakairu muaḥ kayet nihumpa unai tuṅai2 umenteṃ bhakti ni ulun haraki unai tuṅai kita savanakta devata maharddhika sannidhana maṃrakṣa yaṃ kadatuan srivijaya kita tuvi tandrun luaḥ vanakta devata mulana yaṃ parsumpahan3 paravis kadaci yaṃ uraṃ di dalaṃna bhumi ajnana kadatuan ini paravis drohaka haṅun samavuddhi lavan drohaka maṅujari drohaka niujari drohaka tahu diṃ drohaka tidaya4 marppadaḥ tida ya bhakti tida ya tatvarjjava diy aku dṅan di iyaṃ nigalarku sanyasa datua dhava vuatna uraṃ inan nivunuḥ ya sumpaḥ nisuruḥ tapik ya mulaṃ parvvaṇḍan datu srivi 5 jaya talu muaḥ ya dṅan gotrasantanana tathapi savanakna yaṃ vuatna jahat makalaṅit uraṃ makasakit makagila mantra gada viṣaprayoga upuḥ tuva tamval6 saramvat kasihan vasikaraṇa ityevamadi jaṅan muaḥ ya siddha pulaṃ ka iya muaḥ yaṃ doṣana vuatna jahat inan tathapi nivunuḥ ya sumpaḥ tuvi mulaṃ yaṃ manu 7 ruḥ marjjahati yaṃ marjjahati yaṃ vatu nipratiṣṭha ini tuvi nivunuḥ ya sumpaḥ talu muaḥ ya mulaṃ saraṃbhana uraṃ drohaka tida bhakti tida tatrarjjava diy aku dhava vua 8 tna nivunuḥ ya sumpaḥ ini graṅ kadaci iya bhakti tatrarjjava diy aku dṅan di yaṃ nigalarku sanyasa datua santi muaḥ kavualana dṅan gotrasantanana9 samṛddha svastha niroga nirupadrava subhikṣa muaḥ yaṃ vanuana paravis saka varṣatita 608 diṃ pratipada suklapakṣa vulan vaisakha tatkalana10 yaṃ maṃmaṃ sumpaḥ ini nipahat di velana yaṃ vala srivijaya kalivat manapik yaṃ bhumi java tida bhakti ka srivijayaTranslation Edit Success followed probably by cursing mantra formula that cannot be understood or translated All oh thou gods almighty all that gathered to protect Kadatuan palace kingdom Srivijaya all of thou gods that starts the beginning of the swear of all swear curse If in this lands the realm under Kadatuan rule there is a rebel conspired with rebel talk to rebel and listen to rebel know the rebel dishonor ungrateful unfaithful to me or those whom I ve appointed as datu may all people that commit those deeds will die caused by curse or fell under expedition war campaign against them wage by a datu or led by several datus od Srivijaya and let them punished altogether with their clan and family Moreover let the evil deeds such as disturbing other s soul make other sick cause people to suffer madness using mantra magic spell poison using upas poison tuba poison and ganja marijuana saramwat pekasih love charm force themself upon others and many other things may all that deed will not succeed and strike back to those whom guilty for that evil deeds may all die because of curse Also those whom spread evil rumors to sway people May those whom destroy the stone placed in this place also die because of the curse and directly punished May all murderer rebel all of those ungrateful and unfaithful to me all the performer of those deeds die because of curse But for those whom obey and faithful to me and those whom I have appointed as datu may all their efforts are blessed also their clan and family with success welfare good health freed from disaster abundance everything for all their lands In the year 608 Saka first day of half moon Vaisakha 28 February 686 in that time this curse is said the carving took place during the Srivijaya army just departed to attack Java which is not submit to Srivijaya The inscriptions was carved on a pinnacle stone with several sides with 177 cm height 32 cm width on base and 19 cm width on top Significance EditKota Kapur inscription was the first Srivijayan inscription discovered long before the discovery of the Kedukan Bukit Inscription on 29 November 1920 and before the Talang Tuwo inscription that was discovered several days earlier on 17 November 1920 The Kota Kapur inscription together with other archaeological findings in the region was the testament of Srivijaya era It has opened a new horizon and revealed the history of Hindu Buddhist era in that area This inscription also uncovered the ancient society inhabiting the region during 6th and 7th century that clearly shows Hindu Buddhist influence 2 See also EditKedukan Bukit Inscription Telaga Batu inscription Talang Tuwo inscriptionReferences Edit Coedes George 1968 Walter F Vella ed The Indianized States of Southeast Asia trans Susan Brown Cowing University of Hawaii Press ISBN 978 0 8248 0368 1 Penelitian di situs Depdiknas Archived from the original on 2006 04 21 Retrieved 2010 04 12 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Kota Kapur inscription amp oldid 1045165491, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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