Kosa Pan (Thai: ปาน; 1633 – 15 November 1699) was a Siamesediplomat and minister who led the second Siamese embassy to France sent by King Narai in 1686.[1]: 262–263 He was preceded to France by the first Siamese embassy to France, which had been composed of two Siamese ambassadors and Father Bénigne Vachet, who had left Siam for France on January 5, 1684.[2]
Through his father, Pan was allegedly a descendant of Phraya Kiarti, a Mon noble who sided with Naresuan during the fourth Burmese-Siamese War,[3] as well as being either a grandnephew or a grandson of King Ekathotsarot. Pan was a great-great-grandfather of King Rama I, the founder of the Chakri Dynasty. His older brother, Lek (เหล็ก), held the post of foreign minister before him.
Early life
Pan was born to a Siamese woman Chao Mae Wat Dusit in Ayutthaya Kingdom in 1633. Chao was then a wet nurse for Phetracha in 1632, and later for Prince Narai. Pan was a kind of foster brother to them.[4] Chao's connection, if any, with the then-reigning Sukhothai dynasty of the Ayutthaya Kingdom is unclear, with some speculating her to be a daughter or niece of King Ekathotsarot.[5]
He is also known by his former style as a first-class diplomat: Ok-phra Wisut Sunthon (Thai: ออกพระวิสุทธสุนทร; IPA: [ʔɔ̀ːk.pʰrá wí.sùt sǔn.tʰɔːn]).[7] Contemporary French documents recorded his name as Ooc, Pravisoutsonthoon Raatchathoud (ออกพระวิสุทธสุนทร ราชทูต).[citation needed]
His success in diplomatic negotiations earned him the epithet golden-tongued diplomat (Thai: ราชทูตลิ้นทอง or นักการทูตลิ้นทอง).[8]
Siamese embassy to Louis XIV led by Pan in 1686, by Nicolas Larmessin
To accompany the return of the 1685 French embassy to Siam of Chevalier de Chaumont and François-Timoléon de Choisy, Pan was selected by Constantine Phaulkon, the Prime Counsellor to King Narai, to lead an embassy to France. Pan set out for France in 1686 on two French ships with two other Siamese ambassadors, Ok-luang Kanlaya Ratchamaitri and Ok-khun Si Wisan Wacha,[9] and by the Jesuit Father Guy Tachard.[10]
The embassy was bringing a proposal for an eternal alliance between France and Siam. Pan's embassy was met with a rapturous reception and caused a sensation in the courts and society of Europe. The mission landed at Brest, France and journeyed to Versailles, constantly surrounded by crowds of curious onlookers.[11]: 64–65 The embassy stayed in France from June 1686 to March 1687.
Upon his return to Siam, Pan was pressured to become a supporter of Phetracha's anti-French faction of dissatisfied nobles, who resented the power that the French held in Siam. The following revolution toppled Narai and ousted the French forces. Pan was sent to negotiate with their officials. He was appointed by Phetracha as his Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade.[12][13]
Pan was met in Siam in 1690 by the German naturalist Engelbert Kaempfer. The naturalist noted "pictures of the Royal family of France and European maps" hanging "in the hall of his [Pan's] house":[14]
"He is a more comely Person, and of better aspect, than I ever met amongst this black race of mankind... He is also quick of understanding and lively action, for which reasons he was a few years ago sent Ambassador to France, of which Country, its Government, Fortresses and the like, he would often entertain us in his discourses; and the hall of his House, where we had a private audience of him, was hung with the pictures of the Royal Family of France, and European Maps, the rest of his furniture being nothing but Dust and Cobwebs.
In 1699, Pan and Phetracha received a visit from the Jesuit Father Guy Tachard. The meeting was formal and did not produce any closer relations.[16]
Death
Pan was later accused of having affinity to the French and loyalty to his former King, Narai. He was disgraced, and King Phetracha ordered his nose cut off. He reportedly committed suicide on 15 November 1699, according to the Dutch. His duties were taken over by Okya Maha Amath, one of the King's favorites. Pan is said to be the direct ancestor of King Rama I, founder of the present ruling dynasty of Thailand.[17]
^[2]The Diary of Kosa Pan: Thai Ambassador to France, June–July 1686, by Michael Smithies, p. 13
^"History of Ayutthaya - Temples & Ruins - Wat Samana Kottharam". www.ayutthaya-history.com. Retrieved 2020-04-27.
^"Puzzle of Chao Mae Dusit, progenitor of the Chakri dynasty: Commoner or princess?". www.silpa-mag.com. Retrieved 2020-12-08.
^คำแก้ต่าง-ข้อแก้ตัวของโกษาปาน เรื่องปฏิวัติผลัดแผ่นดิน พ.ศ. ๒๒๓๑ [Explanation or excuse of Kosa Pan on 1688 coup] (in Thai). Historical Archives of the Archdiocese of Bangkok. 24 January 2013. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
^ออกพระวิสุทธสุนทร (โกษาปาน) [Ok Phra Wisut Sunthon (Kosa Pan)] (in Thai). Historical Archives of the Archdiocese of Bangkok. 4 October 2012. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
^Royal Institute of Thailand (2011). [Royal Institute Dictionary of New Words, Volume 3] (PDF) (in Thai). Bangkok: Royal Institute of Thailand. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 July 2014. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
Gunn, Geoffrey C. (2003) First Globalization: The Eurasian Exchange, 1500-1800 Rowman & Littlefield ISBN0-7425-2662-3
Smithies, Michael (1999), A Siamese embassy lost in Africa 1686, Silkworm Books, Bangkok, ISBN974-7100-95-9
Smithies, Michael (2002), Three military accounts of the 1688 "Revolution" in Siam, Itineria Asiatica, Orchid Press, Bangkok, ISBN974-524-005-2
Suarez, Thomas (1999) Early Mapping of Southeast Asia Tuttle Publishing ISBN962-593-470-7
External links
E-books
Fine Arts Department of Thailand (1987). Phra Narai, roi de siam et Louis XIV, Musée de l'Orangerie, 13 juin – 13 juillet 1986(PDF) (in Thai). Bangkok: Fine Arts Department of Thailand.
Manich Jumsai (1988). The Story of King Narai and His Ambassador to France in 1686, Kosaparn(PDF) (in Thai). Thitima Phithakphraiwan, translator. Bangkok: Ministry of Education of Thailand. ISBN9741006071.
Manop Thanomsi (1990). Chaophraya Kosathibodi (Pan)(PDF) (in Thai). Bangkok: Ton-O.
February 03, 2023
kosa, thai, ปาน, 1633, november, 1699, siamese, diplomat, minister, second, siamese, embassy, france, sent, king, narai, 1686, preceded, france, first, siamese, embassy, france, which, been, composed, siamese, ambassadors, father, bénigne, vachet, left, siam, . Kosa Pan Thai pan 1633 15 November 1699 was a Siamese diplomat and minister who led the second Siamese embassy to France sent by King Narai in 1686 1 262 263 He was preceded to France by the first Siamese embassy to France which had been composed of two Siamese ambassadors and Father Benigne Vachet who had left Siam for France on January 5 1684 2 Kosa PanoksapanFrench painting of Kosa Pan in 1686Ayutthaya Ambassador to FranceIn office June 1686 March 1687Serving with Ok luang Kanlaya Ratchamaitri Ok khun Si Wisan WachaAppointed byConstantine PhaulkonMonarchNaraiPreceded byKhun Phichai Walit Khun Phichit MaitriSucceeded byOk khun Chamnan Chai Chong Ok khun Wiset Phuban Ok muen Phiphit RachaMinister of Foreign Affairs and Trade of AyutthayaIn office 1688 1699MonarchPetrachaPreceded byOk ya WangSucceeded byOk ya Maha AmatPersonal detailsBorn1633 1633 AyutthayaDiedNovember 15 1699 1699 11 15 aged 65 66 AyutthayaNationalitySiameseChildrenKhunthong son ParentChao Mae Wat Dusit mother RelativesKosa Lek brother Thao Si Chulalak sister Occupationdiplomat politician Contents 1 Family 2 Early life 3 Names 4 Embassy to France 1686 5 1688 Siamese revolution 6 Death 7 See also 8 Notes 9 References 10 External linksFamily EditThrough his father Pan was allegedly a descendant of Phraya Kiarti a Mon noble who sided with Naresuan during the fourth Burmese Siamese War 3 as well as being either a grandnephew or a grandson of King Ekathotsarot Pan was a great great grandfather of King Rama I the founder of the Chakri Dynasty His older brother Lek ehlk held the post of foreign minister before him Early life EditPan was born to a Siamese woman Chao Mae Wat Dusit in Ayutthaya Kingdom in 1633 Chao was then a wet nurse for Phetracha in 1632 and later for Prince Narai Pan was a kind of foster brother to them 4 Chao s connection if any with the then reigning Sukhothai dynasty of the Ayutthaya Kingdom is unclear with some speculating her to be a daughter or niece of King Ekathotsarot 5 Names EditPan Thai pan IPA paːn was his given name As foreign minister he was styled Chaophraya Kosathibodi Thai ecaphrayaoksathibdi IPA t ɕaːw pʰra jaː koː sǎː tʰi bɔː diː He is colloquially called Kosa Pan Thai oksapan IPA koː sǎː paːn 6 He is also known by his former style as a first class diplomat Ok phra Wisut Sunthon Thai xxkphrawisuththsunthr IPA ʔɔ ːk pʰra wi sut sǔn tʰɔːn 7 Contemporary French documents recorded his name as Ooc Pravisoutsonthoon Raatchathoud xxkphrawisuththsunthr rachthut citation needed His success in diplomatic negotiations earned him the epithet golden tongued diplomat Thai rachthutlinthxng or nkkarthutlinthxng 8 Embassy to France 1686 EditMain article Siamese embassy to France 1686 A portrait of Kosa Pan by Charles Le Brun 1686 Siamese embassy to Louis XIV led by Pan in 1686 by Nicolas Larmessin To accompany the return of the 1685 French embassy to Siam of Chevalier de Chaumont and Francois Timoleon de Choisy Pan was selected by Constantine Phaulkon the Prime Counsellor to King Narai to lead an embassy to France Pan set out for France in 1686 on two French ships with two other Siamese ambassadors Ok luang Kanlaya Ratchamaitri and Ok khun Si Wisan Wacha 9 and by the Jesuit Father Guy Tachard 10 The embassy was bringing a proposal for an eternal alliance between France and Siam Pan s embassy was met with a rapturous reception and caused a sensation in the courts and society of Europe The mission landed at Brest France and journeyed to Versailles constantly surrounded by crowds of curious onlookers 11 64 65 The embassy stayed in France from June 1686 to March 1687 1688 Siamese revolution Edit Pan sketched in France 1686 Main article Siamese revolution 1688 Upon his return to Siam Pan was pressured to become a supporter of Phetracha s anti French faction of dissatisfied nobles who resented the power that the French held in Siam The following revolution toppled Narai and ousted the French forces Pan was sent to negotiate with their officials He was appointed by Phetracha as his Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade 12 13 Pan was met in Siam in 1690 by the German naturalist Engelbert Kaempfer The naturalist noted pictures of the Royal family of France and European maps hanging in the hall of his Pan s house 14 He is a more comely Person and of better aspect than I ever met amongst this black race of mankind He is also quick of understanding and lively action for which reasons he was a few years ago sent Ambassador to France of which Country its Government Fortresses and the like he would often entertain us in his discourses and the hall of his House where we had a private audience of him was hung with the pictures of the Royal Family of France and European Maps the rest of his furniture being nothing but Dust and Cobwebs Engelbert Kaempfer 1727 1987 38 15 In 1699 Pan and Phetracha received a visit from the Jesuit Father Guy Tachard The meeting was formal and did not produce any closer relations 16 Death EditPan was later accused of having affinity to the French and loyalty to his former King Narai He was disgraced and King Phetracha ordered his nose cut off He reportedly committed suicide on 15 November 1699 according to the Dutch His duties were taken over by Okya Maha Amath one of the King s favorites Pan is said to be the direct ancestor of King Rama I founder of the present ruling dynasty of Thailand 17 See also EditFrance Thailand relationsNotes Edit Ambassador Pan and Siamese envoys pay their respect to Louis XIV at his court in Versailles Rajanubhab D 2001 Our Wars With the Burmese Bangkok White Lotus Co Ltd ISBN 9747534584 1 Asia in the Making of Europe by Donald F Lach p 253 2 The Diary of Kosa Pan Thai Ambassador to France June July 1686 by Michael Smithies p 13 History of Ayutthaya Temples amp Ruins Wat Samana Kottharam www ayutthaya history com Retrieved 2020 04 27 Puzzle of Chao Mae Dusit progenitor of the Chakri dynasty Commoner or princess www silpa mag com Retrieved 2020 12 08 khaaektang khxaektwkhxngoksapan eruxngptiwtiphldaephndin ph s 2231 Explanation or excuse of Kosa Pan on 1688 coup in Thai Historical Archives of the Archdiocese of Bangkok 24 January 2013 Retrieved 15 July 2014 xxkphrawisuththsunthr oksapan Ok Phra Wisut Sunthon Kosa Pan in Thai Historical Archives of the Archdiocese of Bangkok 4 October 2012 Retrieved 15 July 2014 Royal Institute of Thailand 2011 phcnanukrmkhaihm elm 3 chbbrachbnthitysthan Royal Institute Dictionary of New Words Volume 3 PDF in Thai Bangkok Royal Institute of Thailand Archived from the original PDF on 18 July 2014 Retrieved 15 July 2014 Smithies 1999 p 59 Gunn p 188 Chakrabongse C 1960 Lords of Life London Alvin Redman Limited Smithies 2002 p 35 Smithies 1999 p 2 Suarez p 30 Quoted in Smithies 2002 p 180 Smithies 2002 p 185 Smithies 2002 p 180References EditGunn Geoffrey C 2003 First Globalization The Eurasian Exchange 1500 1800 Rowman amp Littlefield ISBN 0 7425 2662 3 Smithies Michael 1999 A Siamese embassy lost in Africa 1686 Silkworm Books Bangkok ISBN 974 7100 95 9 Smithies Michael 2002 Three military accounts of the 1688 Revolution in Siam Itineria Asiatica Orchid Press Bangkok ISBN 974 524 005 2 Suarez Thomas 1999 Early Mapping of Southeast Asia Tuttle Publishing ISBN 962 593 470 7External links EditE booksFine Arts Department of Thailand 1987 Phra Narai roi de siam et Louis XIV Musee de l Orangerie 13 juin 13 juillet 1986 PDF in Thai Bangkok Fine Arts Department of Thailand Manich Jumsai 1988 The Story of King Narai and His Ambassador to France in 1686 Kosaparn PDF in Thai Thitima Phithakphraiwan translator Bangkok Ministry of Education of Thailand ISBN 9741006071 Manop Thanomsi 1990 Chaophraya Kosathibodi Pan PDF in Thai Bangkok Ton O Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Kosa Pan amp oldid 1107023203, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
