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Kungahälla

April 09, 2024

57°50′43″N 11°56′23″E / 57.8452°N 11.9397°E / 57.8452; 11.9397

Ragnhildsholmen
Runins of the castle Ragnhildsholmen near Kungahälla
Archaeology professor Tove Hjørungdal at work in Ytterby 2009 at the site interpreted as the remains of the precursor to Kungahälla.

Kungahälla (Norwegian: Konghelle, Old Norse: Konungahella) was a medieval settlement in southern Bohuslän at a site which is located in Kungälv Municipality in Västra Götaland County in Sweden. It is the site of the former fortification at Ragnhildsholmen (Borgen på Ragnhildsholmen).[1]

History edit

The Norwegian Kings' sagas talk of Konghelle as a Viking Age settlement. According to Snorri Sturluson, Konghelle was the location of two important royal summits to conclude peace between Sweden and Norway. The first saw the two King Olafs, Olaf II of Norway of Norway and Olof Skötkonung of Sweden, agree to a peace treaty, ca 1020. The second was called the meeting of the three kings during which the three Scandinavian kings Inge I of Sweden, Magnus Barefoot of Norway and Eric Evergood of Denmark met in Kungahälla in 1101. When King Sigurd I Magnusson returned to Norway in 1111 following his crusade, he made his capital in Konghelle.

Konghelle appears in writings by the English chronicler, Orderic Vitalis, who named the city as one of six Norwegian civitates. During August 1135, the city was attacked and sacked by the Pomeranians. After the destruction, the city was moved to a site slightly to the west of the original site. Snorri Sturluson, writing a century later, said that Konghelle never completely recovered.[2]

The city was a center of royal authority during the early Middle Ages and especially the 13th century, when it was the Norwegian kingdom's southernmost outpost. At this time the fort on Ragnhildsholmen and a Franciscan monastery were constructed at the site, while Kastelle kloster monastery was rebuilt.

Kastelle kloster was founded by Archbishop Eysteinn Erlendsson and built in the middle of the 13th century. The monastery was under the jurisdiction of the Archdiocese of Nidaros. King Frederick I of Denmark confiscated the monastery in 1529 as part of the closure of monasteries within his realm.

Ragnhildsholmen is an island in the Göta älv, a river that drains Vänern into Kattegat, across from Konghelle. In 1256 Norwegian King Haakon IV of Norway had invaded Halland, at that time a province held by Denmark. The castle was built by King Haakon and played a role in Haakon's expansionist politics. It was the most important Norwegian fortress in this area.[3]

In the early 14th century, Konghelle was the fief of Eric Magnusson of Sweden, father of Magnus II of Sweden, the future king of Sweden and Norway. Duke Eric Magnusson received the fortress as a gift when he helped his father-in-law King Haakon V of Norway to attack his brother King Birger of Sweden.[4][5]

 
Archaeologists Carl L. Thunberg and Johan Ling from the University of Gothenburg during the excavations in Ytterby 2009. The site (RAÄ Ytterby 22:1) has been interpreted as the precursor to Kungahälla.

After the construction of the stronghold Bohus in 1308 by King Haakon V, the castle on Ragnhildsholmen started to lose its importance as a royal seat. It is not mentioned after 1320. In the later Middle Ages the town's importance further declined. It burned down in 1612, and was afterwards moved to a location near Bohus and renamed Kungälv. Bohuslän continued to belong to Norway until it was ceded to Sweden in the Treaty of Roskilde in 1658.[6]

Excavations edit

Archaeological excavations began in the late 19th century at Ragnhildsholmen and the monastery of Kastelle kloster site and continue to the present day. Excavation results indicate that major construction works were carried out by the middle of the 13th century. However, there is archaeological evidence for a royal estate slightly north of the city, dating back to the Viking Age.

 
Archaeologists Johan Ling and Ulf Ragnesten show the remains of the approximately 40 m long and 10 m wide hall building of the presumed precursor to Kungahälla in Ytterby to the public and the press. 12 May 2009.

During excavations by Swedish archaeologist Wilhelm Berg (1891–1892), the remains of the monastery were discovered. The principal excavations of the monastery were during 1953 to 1954 and in 1958 archaeological excavations were carried out of a medieval cemetery area in the ancient city. Several excavations in different places within the old city area were carried out between the years 1985-1994.[7]

The precursor to Kungahälla edit

Archaeologists believe that there was a precursor to the Viking community Kungahälla which was located just south of Ytterby, and that this community was located on the lands of today's Ytterby near the great burial ground of Västra porten/Smällen.[8][9][10] In Ytterby, archaeologists have found remains of several buildings from the Iron Age built between 500 BC. and 600 AD. Of these, the largest is a hall building that was 48 meters long and 10 meters wide. This type of building belonged to the upper classes of society and the find may be the first find of a hall building from the migration period in Bohuslän, since the building was built between 400 and 600 AD.[11] The found of the remains of the hall building is believed to be a precursor to the royal estate that is mentioned in several sources, including in Njáls saga from the 13th century.[12] King Olaf II Haraldsson of Norway, later known as Saint Olaf, is said to have spent a year on these lands waiting for the inhabitants of Kungälv to complete his fleet before sailing to the Faroe Islands to demand taxes. The royal hall building was also occasionally inhabited by kings Olaf Tryggvason, Harald Hardrada as well as other kings and magnates.[13]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Konghelle (Store norske leksikon)
  2. ^ Olav Tryggvason's saga (Heimskringla. (Snorri Sturluson, chapter 113)
  3. ^ Ragnhildsholmen (Nordisk familjebok 913-914. 1915)
  4. ^ The History of Bohuslän (Bohuslän) 2010-08-18 at the Wayback Machine
  5. ^ Kastelle kloster (Norges klostre i middelalderen)
  6. ^ Bohus Castle (Bohus Fastning) 2010-08-13 at the Wayback Machine
  7. ^ Archaeology at Kungahälla (Kungahälla)
  8. ^ Vikingagård äntligen funnen [Viking mansion found at last]. Sveriges Radio [Radio Sweden], 12 August 2009. https://sverigesradio.se/artikel/3024729
  9. ^ Spektakulära vikingafynd i Ytterby [Spectacular Viking finds in Ytterby]. Kungälvs kommun, 25 May 2012. https://archive.today/20120525121941/http://www.kungalv.se/Gemensamma_nyheter/Unika-arkeologiska-fynd-i-Ytterby/
  10. ^ Karlsson, Simon; Ragnesten, Ulf & Westblom, Joel. 2012. Bebyggelsekomplex med hallbyggnad: fornlämning Raä 22:1, Ytterby socken, Bohuslängrävsäsongen 2011. GOTARC, Serie D, Arkeologiska rapporter No. 104. Göteborg University. https://www.academia.edu/2143032/Bebyggelsekomplex_med_hallbyggnad._Fornlamning_Raa_22_1_Ytterby_socken_Bohuslan
  11. ^ Här finns många hemligheter gömda i jorden [Many secrets hidden in the earth]. GT/Expressen http://gt.expressen.se/kultur/1.1686813/har-finns-manga-hemligheter-gomda-i-jorden-30-8
  12. ^ Här finns många hemligheter gömda i jorden [Many secrets hidden in the earth]. GT/Expressen http://gt.expressen.se/kultur/1.1686813/har-finns-manga-hemligheter-gomda-i-jorden-30-8
  13. ^ Här finns många hemligheter gömda i jorden [Many secrets hidden in the earth]. GT/Expressen http://gt.expressen.se/kultur/1.1686813/har-finns-manga-hemligheter-gomda-i-jorden-30-8

Other sources edit

  • Andersson, H. Kungahälla (Riksantikvarieämbetet och Statens Historiska Museer, Stockholm, 1981)
  • Berg, Wilhelm Bidrag till kännedom om Göteborgs och Bohusläns fornminnen (1883)
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kungahälla.
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ragnhildsholmen.

External links edit

  • Vikingatiden i Bohuslän
  • Kungahälla Medieval Festival
  • Ragnhildsholmen
  • Kastelle kloster

April 09, 2024
kungahälla, 8452, 9397, 8452, 9397ragnhildsholmen, runins, castle, ragnhildsholmen, near, archaeology, professor, tove, hjørungdal, work, ytterby, 2009, site, interpreted, remains, precursor, norwegian, konghelle, norse, konungahella, medieval, settlement, sou. 57 50 43 N 11 56 23 E 57 8452 N 11 9397 E 57 8452 11 9397Ragnhildsholmen Runins of the castle Ragnhildsholmen near Kungahalla Archaeology professor Tove Hjorungdal at work in Ytterby 2009 at the site interpreted as the remains of the precursor to Kungahalla Kungahalla Norwegian Konghelle Old Norse Konungahella was a medieval settlement in southern Bohuslan at a site which is located in Kungalv Municipality in Vastra Gotaland County in Sweden It is the site of the former fortification at Ragnhildsholmen Borgen pa Ragnhildsholmen 1 Contents 1 History 2 Excavations 3 The precursor to Kungahalla 4 See also 5 References 6 Other sources 7 External linksHistory editThe Norwegian Kings sagas talk of Konghelle as a Viking Age settlement According to Snorri Sturluson Konghelle was the location of two important royal summits to conclude peace between Sweden and Norway The first saw the two King Olafs Olaf II of Norway of Norway and Olof Skotkonung of Sweden agree to a peace treaty ca 1020 The second was called the meeting of the three kings during which the three Scandinavian kings Inge I of Sweden Magnus Barefoot of Norway and Eric Evergood of Denmark met in Kungahalla in 1101 When King Sigurd I Magnusson returned to Norway in 1111 following his crusade he made his capital in Konghelle Konghelle appears in writings by the English chronicler Orderic Vitalis who named the city as one of six Norwegian civitates During August 1135 the city was attacked and sacked by the Pomeranians After the destruction the city was moved to a site slightly to the west of the original site Snorri Sturluson writing a century later said that Konghelle never completely recovered 2 The city was a center of royal authority during the early Middle Ages and especially the 13th century when it was the Norwegian kingdom s southernmost outpost At this time the fort on Ragnhildsholmen and a Franciscan monastery were constructed at the site while Kastelle kloster monastery was rebuilt Kastelle kloster was founded by Archbishop Eysteinn Erlendsson and built in the middle of the 13th century The monastery was under the jurisdiction of the Archdiocese of Nidaros King Frederick I of Denmark confiscated the monastery in 1529 as part of the closure of monasteries within his realm Ragnhildsholmen is an island in the Gota alv a river that drains Vanern into Kattegat across from Konghelle In 1256 Norwegian King Haakon IV of Norway had invaded Halland at that time a province held by Denmark The castle was built by King Haakon and played a role in Haakon s expansionist politics It was the most important Norwegian fortress in this area 3 In the early 14th century Konghelle was the fief of Eric Magnusson of Sweden father of Magnus II of Sweden the future king of Sweden and Norway Duke Eric Magnusson received the fortress as a gift when he helped his father in law King Haakon V of Norway to attack his brother King Birger of Sweden 4 5 nbsp Archaeologists Carl L Thunberg and Johan Ling from the University of Gothenburg during the excavations in Ytterby 2009 The site RAA Ytterby 22 1 has been interpreted as the precursor to Kungahalla After the construction of the stronghold Bohus in 1308 by King Haakon V the castle on Ragnhildsholmen started to lose its importance as a royal seat It is not mentioned after 1320 In the later Middle Ages the town s importance further declined It burned down in 1612 and was afterwards moved to a location near Bohus and renamed Kungalv Bohuslan continued to belong to Norway until it was ceded to Sweden in the Treaty of Roskilde in 1658 6 Excavations editArchaeological excavations began in the late 19th century at Ragnhildsholmen and the monastery of Kastelle kloster site and continue to the present day Excavation results indicate that major construction works were carried out by the middle of the 13th century However there is archaeological evidence for a royal estate slightly north of the city dating back to the Viking Age nbsp Archaeologists Johan Ling and Ulf Ragnesten show the remains of the approximately 40 m long and 10 m wide hall building of the presumed precursor to Kungahalla in Ytterby to the public and the press 12 May 2009 During excavations by Swedish archaeologist Wilhelm Berg 1891 1892 the remains of the monastery were discovered The principal excavations of the monastery were during 1953 to 1954 and in 1958 archaeological excavations were carried out of a medieval cemetery area in the ancient city Several excavations in different places within the old city area were carried out between the years 1985 1994 7 The precursor to Kungahalla editArchaeologists believe that there was a precursor to the Viking community Kungahalla which was located just south of Ytterby and that this community was located on the lands of today s Ytterby near the great burial ground of Vastra porten Smallen 8 9 10 In Ytterby archaeologists have found remains of several buildings from the Iron Age built between 500 BC and 600 AD Of these the largest is a hall building that was 48 meters long and 10 meters wide This type of building belonged to the upper classes of society and the find may be the first find of a hall building from the migration period in Bohuslan since the building was built between 400 and 600 AD 11 The found of the remains of the hall building is believed to be a precursor to the royal estate that is mentioned in several sources including in Njals saga from the 13th century 12 King Olaf II Haraldsson of Norway later known as Saint Olaf is said to have spent a year on these lands waiting for the inhabitants of Kungalv to complete his fleet before sailing to the Faroe Islands to demand taxes The royal hall building was also occasionally inhabited by kings Olaf Tryggvason Harald Hardrada as well as other kings and magnates 13 See also editHeimskringlaReferences edit Konghelle Store norske leksikon Olav Tryggvason s saga Heimskringla Snorri Sturluson chapter 113 Ragnhildsholmen Nordisk familjebok 913 914 1915 The History of Bohuslan Bohuslan Archived 2010 08 18 at the Wayback Machine Kastelle kloster Norges klostre i middelalderen Bohus Castle Bohus Fastning Archived 2010 08 13 at the Wayback Machine Archaeology at Kungahalla Kungahalla Vikingagard antligen funnen Viking mansion found at last Sveriges Radio Radio Sweden 12 August 2009 https sverigesradio se artikel 3024729 Spektakulara vikingafynd i Ytterby Spectacular Viking finds in Ytterby Kungalvs kommun 25 May 2012 https archive today 20120525121941 http www kungalv se Gemensamma nyheter Unika arkeologiska fynd i Ytterby Karlsson Simon Ragnesten Ulf amp Westblom Joel 2012 Bebyggelsekomplex med hallbyggnad fornlamning Raa 22 1 Ytterby socken Bohuslangravsasongen 2011 GOTARC Serie D Arkeologiska rapporter No 104 Goteborg University https www academia edu 2143032 Bebyggelsekomplex med hallbyggnad Fornlamning Raa 22 1 Ytterby socken Bohuslan Har finns manga hemligheter gomda i jorden Many secrets hidden in the earth GT Expressen http gt expressen se kultur 1 1686813 har finns manga hemligheter gomda i jorden 30 8 Har finns manga hemligheter gomda i jorden Many secrets hidden in the earth GT Expressen http gt expressen se kultur 1 1686813 har finns manga hemligheter gomda i jorden 30 8 Har finns manga hemligheter gomda i jorden Many secrets hidden in the earth GT Expressen http gt expressen se kultur 1 1686813 har finns manga hemligheter gomda i jorden 30 8Other sources editAndersson H Kungahalla Riksantikvarieambetet och Statens Historiska Museer Stockholm 1981 Berg Wilhelm Bidrag till kannedom om Goteborgs och Bohuslans fornminnen 1883 nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kungahalla nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ragnhildsholmen External links editVikingatiden i Bohuslan Kungahalla Medieval Festival Ragnhildsholmen Kastelle kloster Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Kungahalla amp oldid 1216784758, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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