Kokino (Macedonian: Кокино) is a Bronze Age archaeological site in the Republic of North Macedonia, approximately 30 km from the town of Kumanovo, and about 6 km from the Serbian border, in the Staro Nagoričane Municipality. It is situated between about 1010 and 1030 m above sea level on the Tatićev Kamen (Татиќев камен) summit and covers an area of about 90 by 50 meters, overlooking the eponymous hamlet of Kokino.
It was discovered by archeologist Jovica Stankovski, director of the national museum in Kumanovo,[1] in 2001. In 2002, Stankovski together with Gorje Cenev (who is the head of a planetarium at a Youth Cultural Center in Skopje) published the claim that the site contains a "megalithicobservatory and sacred site" (мегалитска опсерваторија и светилиште).
The wider Kokino archaeological site covers about 30 hectares. The oldest archaeological finds date from about the 19th century BC, corresponding to the early European Bronze Age. It shows signs of occupation for the period from the 19th to the 7th centuries BC. Finds from the Middle Bronze Age (c. 16th to 14th centuries BC) are the most numerous (mainly ceramic vessels, stone-mills, a few molds, and a pendant). An agglomeration from the Iron Age was discovered in 2009.[2] The remains of vessels filled with offerings were found deposited in cracks in the rocks, which gave rise to the interpretation of the site as a "holy mountain".
The Kokino "megalithic observatory" should be distinguished from the wider Kokino archaeological site. The claimed archaeoastronomical site has a combined area of about 5000 square meters and consists of two platforms with an elevation difference of 19 meters. The claim of the site representing an astronomical observatory was made by Stankovski and by Gjore Cenev in 2002. According to this interpretation, the site includes special stone markers used to track the movement of the Sun and Moon on the eastern horizon. The observatory used the method of stationary observation, marking positions of the Sun at the winter and summer solstice, as well as the equinox. Four stone seats or "thrones" are placed in a row on the lower platform. According to Cenev, a stone block with a marking on the upper platform marks the direction of sunrise on summer solstice when viewed from one of the seats. Kokino was briefly mentioned in a poster made by NASA's "Sun-Earth Connection Education Forum" in 2005,[3] although in a recent survey of ancient "observatories", the Kokino site was described as "a particularly problematic case".[4]
The Cultural Heritage Protection Office of Macedonia's Ministry of Culture declared the site a "property under temporary protection" on 13 November 2008 (Decision nr. 08-1935/6). In 2009, Minister of Culture Elizabeta Kancheska-Milevska declared Kokino "one of the priorities of the Ministry of Culture’s 2009 programme".[2] In 2009, the Republic of Macedonia also suggested the site be inscribed on UNESCO'sWorld Heritage Site list.[5] After its formal nomination in 2011 for inclusion on the World Heritage List, the Kokino site's nomination dossier was rejected because the number of possible observing points and markers could indicate an astronomical alignment by chance.[6]
References
^According to the Macedonian Archaeological Association МАНД 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine, Jovica Stankovski (Јовица Станковски), born 13 January 1948 in Kumanovo, diploma in mechanical engineering in 1975, diploma in art history and archaeology in 1986, from 1999 to 2003 director of the national museum in Kumanovo.
^ abMacedonia: Iron Period Layers Revealed by Latest Archaeology Excavations at Kokino 2009-06-06 at the Wayback Machine, BalkanTravellers.com, 29 May 2009
^; Kokino is listed among fifteen "Ancient Observatory Sites" on this poster. This was reported in terms of "Macedonia's Megalithic Kokino Observatory Places 4th on NASA List" by , Marija Lazarova for Southeast European Times in Skopje (11 May 2005).
^Belmonte, Juan Antonio (2015), "Ancient 'Observatories' – A Relevant Concept?", in Ruggles, Clive L. N. (ed.), Handbook of Archaeoastronomy and Ethnoastronomy, vol. 1, New York: Springer, pp. 133–145, doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6141-8, ISBN978-1-4614-6140-1, [T]he proposed use and precision have never been appropriately proven or tested. In addition, the site lacks any historical or ethnographical context.
^Archaeo-astronomical Site Kokino, World Heritage Centre "Tentative List", Ref. 5413. Submitted by: Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Macedonia - Cultural Heritage Protection (30 January 2009).
^Ruggles, Clive (2015), "Establishing the credibility of archaeoastronomical sites", Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union, 11 (A29A): 97–99, doi:10.1017/S1743921316002477
Bibliography
Cenev, Gjore (2002), Мегалитска обзерваторија на Кокино, Муѕејски Гласник, Народен Музеј на Куманово, vol. 7-9, 2002, 49 – 68.
Cenev, Gjore (2004), The Sky Over Macedonia, MKC, p 38-40, 85-114, Skopje.
Cenev, Gjore (2007), Archeo-Astronomical Characteristics of the Kokino Archaeological sites, Astrophysical Investigations, Institute of Astronomy at Bulgarian academy of science, no 9, Sofija.
Cenev, Gjore, Megalithic observatory Kokino, Publications of the Astronomical Observatory of Belgrade, Vol. 80, p. 313-317
Stankovski, Jovica (2003) Три мегалитни споменици во кумановскиот регион, Пирајхме 2, Народен Музеј Куманово.
Stankovski, Jovica (2007), Кокино - светилиште и стара опсерваторија, Зборник посветен на К. Јорданов, Институт по тракологија, Sofija.
Volcevska, Biljana, Kokino, Megalithic Ancient Observatory, World Heritage Studies, Cottbus 2011.
External links
Kokino - Rock Outcrop in Macedonia (megalithic.co.uk)
Pictures from Kokino (flickr.com)
Gorje Cenev homepage
Official site
July 10, 2023
kokino, other, uses, disambiguation, summit, tatićev, kamen, macedonian, Кокино, bronze, archaeological, site, republic, north, macedonia, approximately, from, town, kumanovo, about, from, serbian, border, staro, nagoričane, municipality, situated, between, ab. For other uses see Kokino disambiguation 42 15 47 N 21 57 14 E 42 263 N 21 954 E 42 263 21 954 The summit of Taticev Kamen Kokino Macedonian Kokino is a Bronze Age archaeological site in the Republic of North Macedonia approximately 30 km from the town of Kumanovo and about 6 km from the Serbian border in the Staro Nagoricane Municipality It is situated between about 1010 and 1030 m above sea level on the Taticev Kamen Tatiќev kamen summit and covers an area of about 90 by 50 meters overlooking the eponymous hamlet of Kokino It was discovered by archeologist Jovica Stankovski director of the national museum in Kumanovo 1 in 2001 In 2002 Stankovski together with Gorje Cenev who is the head of a planetarium at a Youth Cultural Center in Skopje published the claim that the site contains a megalithic observatory and sacred site megalitska opservatoriјa i svetilishte The wider Kokino archaeological site covers about 30 hectares The oldest archaeological finds date from about the 19th century BC corresponding to the early European Bronze Age It shows signs of occupation for the period from the 19th to the 7th centuries BC Finds from the Middle Bronze Age c 16th to 14th centuries BC are the most numerous mainly ceramic vessels stone mills a few molds and a pendant An agglomeration from the Iron Age was discovered in 2009 2 The remains of vessels filled with offerings were found deposited in cracks in the rocks which gave rise to the interpretation of the site as a holy mountain The Kokino megalithic observatory should be distinguished from the wider Kokino archaeological site The claimed archaeoastronomical site has a combined area of about 5000 square meters and consists of two platforms with an elevation difference of 19 meters The claim of the site representing an astronomical observatory was made by Stankovski and by Gjore Cenev in 2002 According to this interpretation the site includes special stone markers used to track the movement of the Sun and Moon on the eastern horizon The observatory used the method of stationary observation marking positions of the Sun at the winter and summer solstice as well as the equinox Four stone seats or thrones are placed in a row on the lower platform According to Cenev a stone block with a marking on the upper platform marks the direction of sunrise on summer solstice when viewed from one of the seats Kokino was briefly mentioned in a poster made by NASA s Sun Earth Connection Education Forum in 2005 3 although in a recent survey of ancient observatories the Kokino site was described as a particularly problematic case 4 The Cultural Heritage Protection Office of Macedonia s Ministry of Culture declared the site a property under temporary protection on 13 November 2008 Decision nr 08 1935 6 In 2009 Minister of Culture Elizabeta Kancheska Milevska declared Kokino one of the priorities of the Ministry of Culture s 2009 programme 2 In 2009 the Republic of Macedonia also suggested the site be inscribed on UNESCO s World Heritage Site list 5 After its formal nomination in 2011 for inclusion on the World Heritage List the Kokino site s nomination dossier was rejected because the number of possible observing points and markers could indicate an astronomical alignment by chance 6 References Edit According to the Macedonian Archaeological Association MAND Archived 2016 03 04 at the Wayback Machine Jovica Stankovski Јovica Stankovski born 13 January 1948 in Kumanovo diploma in mechanical engineering in 1975 diploma in art history and archaeology in 1986 from 1999 to 2003 director of the national museum in Kumanovo a b Macedonia Iron Period Layers Revealed by Latest Archaeology Excavations at Kokino Archived 2009 06 06 at the Wayback Machine BalkanTravellers com 29 May 2009 Ancient Observatories Timeless Knowledge Kokino is listed among fifteen Ancient Observatory Sites on this poster This was reported in terms of Macedonia s Megalithic Kokino Observatory Places 4th on NASA List by Marija Lazarova for Southeast European Times in Skopje 11 May 2005 Belmonte Juan Antonio 2015 Ancient Observatories A Relevant Concept in Ruggles Clive L N ed Handbook of Archaeoastronomy and Ethnoastronomy vol 1 New York Springer pp 133 145 doi 10 1007 978 1 4614 6141 8 ISBN 978 1 4614 6140 1 T he proposed use and precision have never been appropriately proven or tested In addition the site lacks any historical or ethnographical context Archaeo astronomical Site Kokino World Heritage Centre Tentative List Ref 5413 Submitted by Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Macedonia Cultural Heritage Protection 30 January 2009 Ruggles Clive 2015 Establishing the credibility of archaeoastronomical sites Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 11 A29A 97 99 doi 10 1017 S1743921316002477Bibliography EditCenev Gjore 2002 Megalitska obzervatoriјa na Kokino Muѕeјski Glasnik Naroden Muzeј na Kumanovo vol 7 9 2002 49 68 Cenev Gjore 2004 The Sky Over Macedonia MKC p 38 40 85 114 Skopje Cenev Gjore 2007 Archeo Astronomical Characteristics of the Kokino Archaeological sites Astrophysical Investigations Institute of Astronomy at Bulgarian academy of science no 9 Sofija Cenev Gjore Megalithic observatory Kokino Publications of the Astronomical Observatory of Belgrade Vol 80 p 313 317 Stankovski Jovica 2002 Tatiќev Kamen megalitska opservatoriјa i svetilishte Muzeјski glasnik br 7 9 Naroden muzeј Kumanovo 29 39 Stankovski Jovica 2003 Tri megalitni spomenici vo kumanovskiot region Piraјhme 2 Naroden Muzeј Kumanovo Stankovski Jovica 2007 Kokino svetilishte i stara opservatoriјa Zbornik posveten na K Јordanov Institut po trakologiјa Sofija Volcevska Biljana Kokino Megalithic Ancient Observatory World Heritage Studies Cottbus 2011 External links Editkokinoobservatory mk Kokino Rock Outcrop in Macedonia megalithic co uk Pictures from Kokino flickr com Gorje Cenev homepage Official site Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Kokino amp oldid 1155537802, wikipedia, 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