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Kitab fi ma'rifat 'ilm ramy al-siham

The Kitāb fī maʿrifat ʿilm ramy al-sihām (Arabic: كتاب في معرفة علم رمي السهام, lit.'Book on the Lore and Discipline of Archery'), called the Maʿrifa for short, is an Arabic treatise on archery written by Ḥusayn al-Yūnīnī around 1320. It was intended for those entering the archers' guild in the Mamluk Sultanate. It is preserved in three manuscripts.

Manuscripts edit

The known manuscripts of the Maʿrifa are:

  • Dublin, Chester Beatty Library, MS 3158:1[1]
  • Gotha, Forschungsbibliothek, MS Orient. A 1340[2]
  • Leiden, Bibliothek der Rijksuniversiteit, MS Or. 955[3]

In addition to these three, there is a fourth possible copy. There was a manuscript in Alexandria containing a work entitled al-Qaṣīda al-Yūnāniyya fī al-ramy ʿan al-qaws, which may be the Maʿrifa.[4]

Author edit

The author of the Maʿrifa was al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Muḥammad ibn al-Shaykh ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿUthmān ibn Abi al-Qasim ibn Muḥammad ibn Jaʿfar al-Yūnīnī Abu Muḥammad al-Baʿlī al-Rāmī. This is his name as it appears in Ibn Ḥajar's 14th-century biographical dictionary al-Durar al-kāmina.[5] The nisba al-Yūnīnī, referring to the village of Yūnīn, is sometimes erroneously given as al-Yūnānī ('the Greek').[6] The nisba al-Baʿlī refers to Baalbek and the nickname al-Rāmī means 'the archer'.[5]

According to Ibn Ḥajar, al-Yūnīnī was born around 1250. He was last seen alive on 10 September 1324 and was found dead a week later. He wrote the Maʿrifa when he was in his seventies.[7] Besides the Maʿrifa, al-Yūnīnī wrote an urjūza (poem) on archery. It is found in two manuscripts: Aya Sofya MSS 2952 and 4051. It was written following an incident in Damascus in 1277 or 1278. Another urjūza on archery is attributed to him or to his son in the Leiden manuscript. It is entitled al-Masāʾil or al-Nihāya fī ʿilm al-rimāya. Both urjūzas include a commentary.[8]

Synopsis edit

The Maʿrifa is "a structured course of vocational training for entrants to, and members of ... the archers' guild."[9] These were foot archers and the Maʿrifa has nothing to say about cavalry archery other than to note that it was practiced by the Mamluks.[10] It describes the requirements of an archer each stage of his professional advancement from mubtadīʾ (novice), to rāmī (shooter), naqīb, wakīl and ustād (master).[11]

The Maʿrifa is the earliest archery text to systematically describe which parts of the body should be in tension (almushaddadāt), relaxation (al-mulayyanāt) or stillness (al-sawākin) at every stage of shooting. This was an influential innovation picked up by all subsequent Islamic treatises on the subject.[12]

Among the practices of the masters that the Maʿrifa mentions is the "art of penetration" (ʿilm al-ikhrāq), in which archers demonstrate their skill by shooting various types of arrowhead through various targets. For example, a challenge may involve putting a head made of hardened leather through a copper plate. Another form of practice was the "art of suspension" (ʿilm al-taʿalīq). In this challenge, an arrow with fragile attachments (such as empty eggshells) affixed to its shaft was shot into a ceiling without disturbing the attachments.[13]

Notes edit

  1. ^ Jallon 1980, pp. 55–57.
  2. ^ Jallon 1980, pp. 57–58.
  3. ^ Jallon 1980, pp. 58–63.
  4. ^ Jallon 1980, p. 53.
  5. ^ a b Jallon 1980, p. 9.
  6. ^ Jallon 1980, p. 8.
  7. ^ Jallon 1980, pp. 9–10.
  8. ^ Jallon 1980, pp. 4–6.
  9. ^ Jallon 1980, p. 35.
  10. ^ Jallon 1980, p. 38.
  11. ^ Jallon 1980, pp. 44, 46.
  12. ^ Jallon 1980, pp. 46–47.
  13. ^ Jallon 1980, pp. 48–49.

Bibliography edit

  • Jallon, Adnan Darwish (1980). Kitāb fī maʿrifat ʿilm ramy al-sihām: A Treatise on Archery by Ḥusayn b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Muḥammad b. ʿAbdallāh al-Yūnīnī [AH 647 (?) – 724 / AD 1249–50 (?) – 1324]. A Critical Edition of the Arabic Text together with a Study of the Work in English (PhD diss.). Victoria University of Manchester.

kitab, rifat, ramy, siham, kitāb, maʿrifat, ʿilm, ramy, sihām, arabic, كتاب, في, معرفة, علم, رمي, السهام, book, lore, discipline, archery, called, maʿrifa, short, arabic, treatise, archery, written, Ḥusayn, yūnīnī, around, 1320, intended, those, entering, arch. The Kitab fi maʿrifat ʿilm ramy al siham Arabic كتاب في معرفة علم رمي السهام lit Book on the Lore and Discipline of Archery called the Maʿrifa for short is an Arabic treatise on archery written by Ḥusayn al Yunini around 1320 It was intended for those entering the archers guild in the Mamluk Sultanate It is preserved in three manuscripts Contents 1 Manuscripts 2 Author 3 Synopsis 4 Notes 5 BibliographyManuscripts editThe known manuscripts of the Maʿrifa are Dublin Chester Beatty Library MS 3158 1 1 Gotha Forschungsbibliothek MS Orient A 1340 2 Leiden Bibliothek der Rijksuniversiteit MS Or 955 3 In addition to these three there is a fourth possible copy There was a manuscript in Alexandria containing a work entitled al Qaṣida al Yunaniyya fi al ramy ʿan al qaws which may be the Maʿrifa 4 Author editThe author of the Maʿrifa was al Ḥusayn ibn ʿAbd al Raḥman ibn Muḥammad ibn al Shaykh ʿAbd Allah ibn ʿUthman ibn Abi al Qasim ibn Muḥammad ibn Jaʿfar al Yunini Abu Muḥammad al Baʿli al Rami This is his name as it appears in Ibn Ḥajar s 14th century biographical dictionary al Durar al kamina 5 The nisba al Yunini referring to the village of Yunin is sometimes erroneously given as al Yunani the Greek 6 The nisba al Baʿli refers to Baalbek and the nickname al Rami means the archer 5 According to Ibn Ḥajar al Yunini was born around 1250 He was last seen alive on 10 September 1324 and was found dead a week later He wrote the Maʿrifa when he was in his seventies 7 Besides the Maʿrifa al Yunini wrote an urjuza poem on archery It is found in two manuscripts Aya Sofya MSS 2952 and 4051 It was written following an incident in Damascus in 1277 or 1278 Another urjuza on archery is attributed to him or to his son in the Leiden manuscript It is entitled al Masaʾil or al Nihaya fi ʿilm al rimaya Both urjuzas include a commentary 8 Synopsis editThe Maʿrifa is a structured course of vocational training for entrants to and members of the archers guild 9 These were foot archers and the Maʿrifa has nothing to say about cavalry archery other than to note that it was practiced by the Mamluks 10 It describes the requirements of an archer each stage of his professional advancement from mubtadiʾ novice to rami shooter naqib wakil and ustad master 11 The Maʿrifa is the earliest archery text to systematically describe which parts of the body should be in tension almushaddadat relaxation al mulayyanat or stillness al sawakin at every stage of shooting This was an influential innovation picked up by all subsequent Islamic treatises on the subject 12 Among the practices of the masters that the Maʿrifa mentions is the art of penetration ʿilm al ikhraq in which archers demonstrate their skill by shooting various types of arrowhead through various targets For example a challenge may involve putting a head made of hardened leather through a copper plate Another form of practice was the art of suspension ʿilm al taʿaliq In this challenge an arrow with fragile attachments such as empty eggshells affixed to its shaft was shot into a ceiling without disturbing the attachments 13 Notes edit Jallon 1980 pp 55 57 Jallon 1980 pp 57 58 Jallon 1980 pp 58 63 Jallon 1980 p 53 a b Jallon 1980 p 9 Jallon 1980 p 8 Jallon 1980 pp 9 10 Jallon 1980 pp 4 6 Jallon 1980 p 35 Jallon 1980 p 38 Jallon 1980 pp 44 46 Jallon 1980 pp 46 47 Jallon 1980 pp 48 49 Bibliography editJallon Adnan Darwish 1980 Kitab fi maʿrifat ʿilm ramy al siham A Treatise on Archery by Ḥusayn b ʿAbd al Raḥman b Muḥammad b ʿAbdallah al Yunini AH 647 724 AD 1249 50 1324 A Critical Edition of the Arabic Text together with a Study of the Work in English PhD diss Victoria University of Manchester Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Kitab fi ma 27rifat 27ilm ramy al siham amp oldid 1203300933, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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