King Khalid Military City
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King Khalid Military City (KKMC) (Arabic: مدينة الملك خالد العسكرية; transliterated: Medinat Al-Malek Khaled Al-Askariyah) is a special city in northeastern Saudi Arabia, about 60 km south of Hafar al-Batin city. The city was designed and built by the Middle East Division, a unit of the United States Army Corps of Engineers, in the 1970's and 1980's. Consultants for the building of the city included Brown, Daltas, and Associates as well as LeMessurier in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The city was designed and built to provide lodging for several brigades of Saudi troops and a population of 65,000 people.[citation needed]
The city is named after the former Saudi King Khalid bin Abdul Aziz.
Construction edit
The Corps of Engineers King Khalid Military City (KKMC) was as extensive as the Kingdom's massive private programs.[needs copy edit][citation needed] Saudi Arabia sought and received U.S. Corps assistance in part because it was impressed with the Dhahran civil air terminal and other early projects the Corps built with US funds. The Kingdom also lacked the expertise to manage a huge program then. However, equally important was the U.S. Corps reputation as an effective and honest public servant. The Saudis preferred entrusting their defense construction to a government agency.[1]
In 1964, the Saudi Minister of Defense and Aviation, Prince Sultan shared anticipation for three cantonments. King Faisal Military Cantonment in Khamis Mushait was planned in the southwest, near the border with Yemen. King Abdul Aziz Military Cantonment (later renamed "King Abdulaziz Military City") was planned in Tabuk Province, in the northwest, near the border with Jordan. In 1973, the Ministry approved changing the site of the third cantonment from Qaysumah to Hafar al-Batin in the north, near the border with Iraq.[2]
The Engineer Assistance Agreement, effective May 24, 1965, and extended several times, provides the basic framework for many Corps activities in Saudi Arabia. The Agreement was entered into pursuant to section 507(a) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, and is currently authorized by section 22 of the Arms Export Act with the Ministry of Defense and Aviation (MODA) further committed the (Mediterranean Division, later the Middle East Division) US Army Corps of Engineers, initially to design and construct three brigade-size military cantonments to house elements of the Saudi Arabian Army.[3] In the spring of 1973, MODA approved changing the location of the third cantonment from Qaysumah to Hafar al Batin and expand the cantonment to a "Military City". In March 1974 a $1.5 million contract to a joint venture with Sippican Architectural Engineering and Brown Daltas & Associates Rome, Italy office. Over the next 13 months, the joint venture surveyed the location. Without estimates of the City's population, the venture identified the architectural theme, required utilities, buildings and facilities to MODA in May 1975 with a one brigade troop strength. Prince Sultan, head of MODA, approved the outline and concept and added two more brigade troop strength of 5000 men each. The growing demand for construction created a need to import vast quantities of construction materials and labor.
The region had limited capabilities for dealing with the inflow of goods and workers. When construction began at Khamis Mushayt in 1966, strained Saudi port facilities had barely coped. Nothing had improved by the mid-1970s. U.S. Corps personnel became increasingly concerned about Saudi Arabia’s ports' limited ability to handle the shipping volume needed to sustain the large construction projects under design. As serious discussions began concerning the construction of the cantonment at Hafar al-Batin, the military academy, and the medical research and treatment center at Al Kharj, the division’s engineers again voiced their concern about port capacity. In late 1974, the division commissioned a study of the port conditions and the transportation facilities needed to support the planned programs.[2] In mid-November 1975, U.S. Corps personnel presented to Prince Sultan the idea of constructing a port on the Saudi east coast at Ra's al Mish'ab near the border with Kuwait. The port would handle only materials imported for the al Batin. In June 1975 tentative approval of a $9 million contract for further design of procurement packages for the City. In the first week of January 1976, MODA named the new city King Khalid Military City in honor of Saudi King Khalid.[2]
Planning for the city began in 1974, and construction began after a new Persian Gulf port was built in Ra's al-Mish'ab to handle all the material being brought in. Built-in collaboration with local national engineers and project managers, various project phases were completed throughout the 1980s. The project scope was very large, with 21 new wells drilled to provide water, a new port for supplies, 3,387 double story family housing units with utility tunnels, and five multi-domed mosques and associated facilities. [1] Also, the world's largest pre-cast concrete plant, built on-site, was used and built by the Samwhan Corporation. The city was finally completed in 1987.[4]
Gulf War edit
During the Gulf War, KKMC was used to house thousands of American and coalition soldiers. Its airport was one of the most used during combat operations, along with bases in Dhahran and Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.[5]
During the war, KKMC was protected from ballistic missiles by the U.S's Patriot missile system. On February 21, 1991, Iraq fired three Scud missiles at King Khalid Military City, which were reportedly destroyed by Patriot interceptors. [3] 2011-05-14 at the Wayback Machine
Present use edit
At its peak, hundreds of US Army Corps engineers and personnel made KKMC their home, and a small American city evolved within the Saudi military city. Today, US presence at KKMC is minimal, with only a few US government personnel still working and living there, as a few foreigners from different countries also come here to work. Many expatriates are living in the city, some of them born there.[6]
See also edit
References edit
- ^ Engineering News Record: 28. May 18, 1978.
{{cite journal}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ a b c Grathwol, Robert H. (2010). Bricks, Sand and Marble: U.s. Army Corps of Engineers Construction in the Mediterranean and Middle East, 1947-1991. US Defense Department. pp. 465–466. ISBN 9780160817380.
- ^ Cordesman, Anthony H. (2003). Saudi Arabia Enters the Twenty-First Century: The Military and International Security Dimensions, Volume 1. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 122. ISBN 0-275-97997-0.
- ^ smith, Jeffery Craig (1991). NIGA-PROJECT CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT: THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS AND BECHTEL GROUP IN SAUDI ARABIA. MIT. p. 1.
- ^ "Saudi Arabia - The Persian Gulf War and its aftermath | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2023-02-22.
- ^ The right to live here 2013-12-16 at the Wayback Machine Saudi Gazetta. 20 November 2013.
External links and sources edit
External links edit
- Short history on KKMC
Sources edit
- Department of Defense report on Iraq's use of scud missiles 2011-05-14 at the Wayback Machine