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Kilmainham Gaol

May 08, 2023

Kilmainham Gaol (Irish: Príosún Chill Mhaighneann) is a former prison in Kilmainham, Dublin, Ireland. It is now a museum run by the Office of Public Works, an agency of the Government of Ireland. Many Irish revolutionaries, including the leaders of the 1916 Easter Rising, were imprisoned and executed in the prison by the orders of the UK Government.

Kilmainham Gaol
Príosún Chill Mhaighneann
Main Hall
Location within Dublin
LocationKilmainham, Dublin, Ireland
Coordinates53°20′30″N 06°18′34″W / 53.34167°N 6.30944°W / 53.34167; -6.30944Coordinates: 53°20′30″N 06°18′34″W / 53.34167°N 6.30944°W / 53.34167; -6.30944
TypePrison museum
OwnerOffice of Public Works
Public transit accessHeuston railway station
Suir Road Luas stop (Red Line)
Websitekilmainhamgaolmuseum.ie
Official nameKilmainham Gaol
Reference no.675[1]
Model of Kilmainham Gaol

History

When it was first built in 1796, Kilmainham Gaol was called the "New Gaol" to distinguish it from the old prison it was intended to replace – a noisome dungeon, just a few hundred metres from the present site. It was officially called the County of Dublin Gaol, and was originally run by the Grand Jury for County Dublin.

Originally, public hangings took place at the front of the prison.[2] However, from the 1820s onward very few hangings, public or private, took place at Kilmainham.[2] A small hanging cell was built in the prison in 1891. It is located on the first floor, between the west wing and the east wing.

There was no segregation of prisoners; men, women and children were incarcerated up to 5 in each cell, with only a single candle for light and heat. Most of their time was spent in the cold and the dark, and each candle had to last for two weeks. Its cells were roughly 28 square metres in area.[2]

Children were sometimes arrested for petty theft, the youngest said to be a seven-year-old child,[2] while many of the adult prisoners were transported to Australia.

At Kilmainham, the poor conditions in which women prisoners were kept provided the spur for the next stage of development. As early as 1809, in his report, the Inspector had observed that male prisoners were supplied with iron bedsteads while females "lay on straw on the flags in the cells and common halls". Half a century later there was little improvement. The women's section, located in the west wing, remained overcrowded. In an attempt to relieve the overcrowding, 30 female cells were added to the Gaol in 1840.[3] These improvements had not been made long before the Great Famine occurred, and Kilmainham was overwhelmed with the increase of prisoners.

Post-independence period

Kilmainham Gaol was decommissioned as a prison by the Irish Free State government in 1924.[4] Seen principally as a site of oppression and suffering, there was at this time no declared interest in its preservation as a monument to the struggle for national independence. The jail's potential function as a location of national memory was also undercut and complicated by the fact that the first four Republican prisoners executed by the Free State government during the Irish Civil War were shot in the prison yard.[5]

The Irish Prison Board contemplated reopening it as a prison during the 1920s but all such plans were finally abandoned in 1929. In 1936 the government considered the demolition of the prison but the price of this undertaking was seen as prohibitive. Republican interest in the site began to develop from the late 1930s, most notably with the proposal by the National Graves Association, a Republican organisation, to preserve the site as both a museum and memorial to the 1916 Easter Rising.[6] This proposal received no objections from the Commissioners of Public Works, who costed it at £600, and negotiations were entered into with the Department of Education about the possibility of relocating artefacts relating to the 1916 Rising housed in the National Museum to a new museum at the Kilmainham Gaol site. The Department of Education rejected this proposal seeing the site as unsuitable for this purpose and suggested instead that paintings of nationalist leaders could be installed in appropriate prison cells. However, with the advent of the Emergency the proposal was shelved for the duration of the war.[7]

An architectural survey commissioned by the Office of Public Works after World War II revealed that the prison was in a ruinous condition. With the Department of Education still intransigent to the site's conversion to a nationalist museum and with no other apparent function for the building, the Commissioners of Public Works proposed only the prison yard and those cell blocks deemed to be of national importance should be preserved and that the rest of the site should be demolished. This proposal was not acted upon.[8]

In 1953 the Department of the Taoiseach, as part of a scheme to generate employment, re-considered the proposal of the National Graves Association to restore the prison and establish a museum at the site. However, no advance was made and the material condition of the prison continued to deteriorate.[9]

Kilmainham Gaol Restoration Society

From the late 1950s, a grassroots movement for the preservation of Kilmainham Gaol began to develop. Provoked by reports that the Office of Public Works was accepting tenders for the demolition of the building, Lorcan C.G. Leonard, a young engineer from the north side of Dublin, along with a small number of like-minded nationalists, formed the Kilmainham Gaol Restoration Society in 1958. In order to offset any potential division among its members, the society agreed that they should not address any of the events connected with the Civil War period in relation to the restoration project. Instead, a narrative of the unified national struggle was to be articulated. A scheme was then devised that the prison should be restored and a museum built using voluntary labour and donated materials.[10][11]

With momentum for the project growing, the Irish Congress of Trade Unions informed the society that they would not oppose their plan and the Building Trades Council gave it their support. It is also likely that Dublin Corporation, which had shown an interest in the preservation of the prison, supported the proposal. At this time the Irish government was coming under increasing pressure from the National Graves Association and the Old IRA Literary and Debating Society to take action to preserve the site. Thus, when the society submitted their plan in late 1958 the government looked favourably on a proposal that would achieve this goal without occasioning any significant financial commitment from the state.[12]

In February 1960 the society's detailed plan for the restoration project, which notably also envisioned the site's development as a tourist attraction, received the approval of the notoriously parsimonious Department of Finance. The formal handing over of prison keys to a board of trustees, composed of five members nominated by the society and two by the government, occurred in May 1960. The trustees were charged a nominal rent of one penny rent per annum to extend for a period of five years at which point it was envisaged that the restored prison would be permanently transferred to the trustees' custodial care.[13][14]

Commencing with a workforce of sixty volunteers in May 1960,[15] the society set about clearing the overgrown vegetation, trees, fallen masonry and bird droppings from the site. By 1962 the symbolically important prison yard where the leaders of the 1916 Rising were executed had been cleared of rubble and weeds and the restoration of the Victorian section of the prison was nearing completion.[13] It opened to the public on 10 April 1966. The final restoration of the site was completed in 1971 when Kilmainham Gaol chapel was re-opened to the public having been reroofed and re-floored and with its altar reconstructed. The Magill family acted as residential caretakers, in particular, Joe Magill who worked on the restoration of the gaol from the start until the Gaol was handed over to the Office of Public works.[16]

It now houses a museum on the history of Irish nationalism and offers guided tours of the building. An art gallery on the top floor exhibits paintings, sculptures and jewellery of prisoners incarcerated in prisons all over contemporary Ireland.

Kilmainham Gaol is one of the biggest unoccupied prisons in Europe.[17] Now empty of prisoners, it is filled with history.

In 2013, Kilmainham courthouse located beside the prison, which had remained in operation as a seat of the Dublin District court until 2008 was handed over to the OPW for refurbishment as part of a broader redevelopment of the Gaol and the surrounding Kilmainham Plaza in advance of the 100th anniversary of the 1916 Rising.[18] The courthouse opened in 2015 as the attached visitor's centre for the Gaol.[19]

Historical importance

Since its restoration, Kilmainham Gaol has been understood[by whom?] as one of the most important Irish monuments of the modern period, in relation to the narrative of the struggle for Irish independence. In the period of time extending from its opening in 1796 until its decommissioning in 1924 it had been, barring the notable exceptions of Daniel O'Connell and Michael Collins, a site of incarceration of significant Irish nationalist leaders of both the constitutional and physical force traditions. Thus, its history as an institution is intimately linked with the story of Irish nationalism. The majority of the Irish leaders in the rebellions of 1798, 1803, 1848, 1867 and 1916 were imprisoned there. It also housed prisoners during the Irish War of Independence (1919–21) and many of the anti-treaty forces during the civil war period. Charles Stewart Parnell was imprisoned in Kilmainham Gaol, along with most of his parliamentary colleagues, in 1881-82 when he signed the Kilmainham Treaty with William Gladstone.[20]

Edmund Wellisha, the head guard at the prison, was convicted of undernourishing prisoners in support of the rebellion.

Former prisoners

 
Cell of Éamon de Valera.
 
'Informers Corridor' pictured c.1890s

Films

The following films have been filmed at Kilmainham Gaol:

A music video for the U2 song "A Celebration" was filmed in Kilmainham Gaol in July 1982. The prison hosted a live performance from Irish band Fontaines D.C. on June 14, 2020, with the accompanying live album released as part of Record Store Day 2021. The prison was also used in the 2015 AMC series Into the Badlands, the 2012 BBC series Ripper Street, and the 2011 series of ITV's Primeval.

Photographs

More photographs in Wikimedia Commons

  •  

    Prisoner crafts in Kilmainham Jail Museum.

  •  

    A view inside Patrick Pearse's cell.

  •  

    Mural of a Madonna painted by Grace Gifford Plunkett while she was held during the Civil War.

  •  

    Robert Emmet's cell door.

  •  

    A view of the landing where the 1916 leaders were held before their execution.

  •  

    The view from the prison courtyards.

  •  

    The view from the prison courtyards.

  •  

    Cross marking the place of execution of the leaders of the 1916 Rising.

  •  

    Cross marking the place of execution of James Connolly.

  •  

    Plaque marking the executions of the leaders of the 1916 Rising.

  •  

    Entrance to Kilmainham Gaol, Five Snakes in Chains above Entrance.

See also

References

  1. ^ "National Monuments of County Dublin in State Care" (PDF). heritageireland.ie. National Monument Service. p. 2. Retrieved 13 July 2020.
  2. ^ a b c d "Kilmainham Jail, Dublin". Tourist-information-dublin.co.uk. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
  3. ^ Cooke, Pat (2014). A History Of Kilmainham Gaol. The Office of Public Works: Brunswick Press Ltd. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-7076-0479-4. A decisive effort at improvement was at last made in 1840. The Grand Jury made a sum of £1,550 available to supply an additional 30 female cells.
  4. ^ Zuelow, Eric (Fall–Winter 2004). "Enshrining Ireland's nationalist history inside prison walls: the restoration of Kilmainham Jail". Éire-Ireland. 39 (3 & 4): 186. doi:10.1353/eir.2004.0024.
  5. ^ Zuelow, Eric (Fall–Winter 2004). "Enshrining Ireland's nationalist history inside prison walls: the restoration of Kilmainham Jail". Éire-Ireland. 39 (3 & 4): 186–87. doi:10.1353/eir.2004.0024.
  6. ^ Zuelow, Eric (Fall–Winter 2004). "Enshrining Ireland's nationalist history inside prison walls: the restoration of Kilmainham Jail". Éire-Ireland. 39 (3 & 4): 188. doi:10.1353/eir.2004.0024.
  7. ^ Zuelow, Eric (Fall–Winter 2004). "Enshrining Ireland's nationalist history inside prison walls: the restoration of Kilmainham Jail". Éire-Ireland. 39 (3 & 4): 189. doi:10.1353/eir.2004.0024.
  8. ^ Zuelow, Eric (Fall–Winter 2004). "Enshrining Ireland's nationalist history inside prison walls: the restoration of Kilmainham Jail". Éire-Ireland. 39 (3 & 4): 190. doi:10.1353/eir.2004.0024.
  9. ^ Zuelow, Eric (Fall–Winter 2004). "Enshrining Ireland's nationalist history inside prison walls: the restoration of Kilmainham Jail". Éire-Ireland. 39 (3 & 4): 190–91. doi:10.1353/eir.2004.0024.
  10. ^ Zuelow, Eric (2007). "National identity and tourism in twentieth-century Ireland: the role of collective re-imagining". In Michael Young; Eric Zuelow; Andreas Sturm (eds.). Nationalism in a Global Era: The Persistence of Nations. London: Routledge. pp. 150–51. ISBN 978-0-415-41405-0.
  11. ^ Zuelow, Eric (Fall–Winter 2004). "Enshrining Ireland's nationalist history inside prison walls: the restoration of Kilmainham Jail". Éire-Ireland. 39 (3 & 4): 191–93. doi:10.1353/eir.2004.0024.
  12. ^ Zuelow, Eric (Fall–Winter 2004). "Enshrining Ireland's nationalist history inside prison walls: the restoration of Kilmainham Jail". Éire-Ireland. 39 (3 & 4): 194. doi:10.1353/eir.2004.0024.
  13. ^ a b Zuelow, Eric (Fall–Winter 2004). "Enshrining Ireland's nationalist history inside prison walls: the restoration of Kilmainham Jail". Éire-Ireland. 39 (3 & 4): 196. doi:10.1353/eir.2004.0024.
  14. ^ Kilmainham Jail Restoration Society (c. 1960). Kilmainham. Dublin. p. 3.
  15. ^ "More volunteers needed for work on jail". Irish Independent. 31 May 1960.
  16. ^ "Kilmainham Jail chapel reopens". Irish Independent. 25 October 1971.
  17. ^ . www.heritageireland.ie. Archived from the original on 20 February 2008. Retrieved 30 November 2017.
  18. ^ "Kilmainham Tales". www.kilmainhamtales.ie. Retrieved 13 May 2020.
  19. ^ "New Visitor Centre Kilmainham Courthouse Open to the Public | News". The Liberties Dublin. Retrieved 13 May 2020.
  20. ^ Cooke, Pat (2006). "Kilmainham Gaol: confronting change". Irish Arts Review. 23: 42.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kilmainham Gaol.
  • Kilmainham Gaol

May 08, 2023
kilmainham, gaol, irish, príosún, chill, mhaighneann, former, prison, kilmainham, dublin, ireland, museum, office, public, works, agency, government, ireland, many, irish, revolutionaries, including, leaders, 1916, easter, rising, were, imprisoned, executed, p. Kilmainham Gaol Irish Priosun Chill Mhaighneann is a former prison in Kilmainham Dublin Ireland It is now a museum run by the Office of Public Works an agency of the Government of Ireland Many Irish revolutionaries including the leaders of the 1916 Easter Rising were imprisoned and executed in the prison by the orders of the UK Government Kilmainham GaolPriosun Chill MhaighneannMain HallLocation within DublinLocationKilmainham Dublin IrelandCoordinates53 20 30 N 06 18 34 W 53 34167 N 6 30944 W 53 34167 6 30944 Coordinates 53 20 30 N 06 18 34 W 53 34167 N 6 30944 W 53 34167 6 30944TypePrison museumOwnerOffice of Public WorksPublic transit accessHeuston railway stationSuir Road Luas stop Red Line Websitekilmainhamgaolmuseum wbr ieNational Monument of IrelandOfficial nameKilmainham GaolReference no 675 1 Model of Kilmainham Gaol Contents 1 History 2 Post independence period 3 Kilmainham Gaol Restoration Society 4 Historical importance 4 1 Former prisoners 5 Films 6 Photographs 7 See also 8 References 9 External linksHistory EditWhen it was first built in 1796 Kilmainham Gaol was called the New Gaol to distinguish it from the old prison it was intended to replace a noisome dungeon just a few hundred metres from the present site It was officially called the County of Dublin Gaol and was originally run by the Grand Jury for County Dublin Originally public hangings took place at the front of the prison 2 However from the 1820s onward very few hangings public or private took place at Kilmainham 2 A small hanging cell was built in the prison in 1891 It is located on the first floor between the west wing and the east wing There was no segregation of prisoners men women and children were incarcerated up to 5 in each cell with only a single candle for light and heat Most of their time was spent in the cold and the dark and each candle had to last for two weeks Its cells were roughly 28 square metres in area 2 Children were sometimes arrested for petty theft the youngest said to be a seven year old child 2 while many of the adult prisoners were transported to Australia At Kilmainham the poor conditions in which women prisoners were kept provided the spur for the next stage of development As early as 1809 in his report the Inspector had observed that male prisoners were supplied with iron bedsteads while females lay on straw on the flags in the cells and common halls Half a century later there was little improvement The women s section located in the west wing remained overcrowded In an attempt to relieve the overcrowding 30 female cells were added to the Gaol in 1840 3 These improvements had not been made long before the Great Famine occurred and Kilmainham was overwhelmed with the increase of prisoners Post independence period EditKilmainham Gaol was decommissioned as a prison by the Irish Free State government in 1924 4 Seen principally as a site of oppression and suffering there was at this time no declared interest in its preservation as a monument to the struggle for national independence The jail s potential function as a location of national memory was also undercut and complicated by the fact that the first four Republican prisoners executed by the Free State government during the Irish Civil War were shot in the prison yard 5 The Irish Prison Board contemplated reopening it as a prison during the 1920s but all such plans were finally abandoned in 1929 In 1936 the government considered the demolition of the prison but the price of this undertaking was seen as prohibitive Republican interest in the site began to develop from the late 1930s most notably with the proposal by the National Graves Association a Republican organisation to preserve the site as both a museum and memorial to the 1916 Easter Rising 6 This proposal received no objections from the Commissioners of Public Works who costed it at 600 and negotiations were entered into with the Department of Education about the possibility of relocating artefacts relating to the 1916 Rising housed in the National Museum to a new museum at the Kilmainham Gaol site The Department of Education rejected this proposal seeing the site as unsuitable for this purpose and suggested instead that paintings of nationalist leaders could be installed in appropriate prison cells However with the advent of the Emergency the proposal was shelved for the duration of the war 7 An architectural survey commissioned by the Office of Public Works after World War II revealed that the prison was in a ruinous condition With the Department of Education still intransigent to the site s conversion to a nationalist museum and with no other apparent function for the building the Commissioners of Public Works proposed only the prison yard and those cell blocks deemed to be of national importance should be preserved and that the rest of the site should be demolished This proposal was not acted upon 8 In 1953 the Department of the Taoiseach as part of a scheme to generate employment re considered the proposal of the National Graves Association to restore the prison and establish a museum at the site However no advance was made and the material condition of the prison continued to deteriorate 9 Kilmainham Gaol Restoration Society EditFrom the late 1950s a grassroots movement for the preservation of Kilmainham Gaol began to develop Provoked by reports that the Office of Public Works was accepting tenders for the demolition of the building Lorcan C G Leonard a young engineer from the north side of Dublin along with a small number of like minded nationalists formed the Kilmainham Gaol Restoration Society in 1958 In order to offset any potential division among its members the society agreed that they should not address any of the events connected with the Civil War period in relation to the restoration project Instead a narrative of the unified national struggle was to be articulated A scheme was then devised that the prison should be restored and a museum built using voluntary labour and donated materials 10 11 With momentum for the project growing the Irish Congress of Trade Unions informed the society that they would not oppose their plan and the Building Trades Council gave it their support It is also likely that Dublin Corporation which had shown an interest in the preservation of the prison supported the proposal At this time the Irish government was coming under increasing pressure from the National Graves Association and the Old IRA Literary and Debating Society to take action to preserve the site Thus when the society submitted their plan in late 1958 the government looked favourably on a proposal that would achieve this goal without occasioning any significant financial commitment from the state 12 In February 1960 the society s detailed plan for the restoration project which notably also envisioned the site s development as a tourist attraction received the approval of the notoriously parsimonious Department of Finance The formal handing over of prison keys to a board of trustees composed of five members nominated by the society and two by the government occurred in May 1960 The trustees were charged a nominal rent of one penny rent per annum to extend for a period of five years at which point it was envisaged that the restored prison would be permanently transferred to the trustees custodial care 13 14 Commencing with a workforce of sixty volunteers in May 1960 15 the society set about clearing the overgrown vegetation trees fallen masonry and bird droppings from the site By 1962 the symbolically important prison yard where the leaders of the 1916 Rising were executed had been cleared of rubble and weeds and the restoration of the Victorian section of the prison was nearing completion 13 It opened to the public on 10 April 1966 The final restoration of the site was completed in 1971 when Kilmainham Gaol chapel was re opened to the public having been reroofed and re floored and with its altar reconstructed The Magill family acted as residential caretakers in particular Joe Magill who worked on the restoration of the gaol from the start until the Gaol was handed over to the Office of Public works 16 It now houses a museum on the history of Irish nationalism and offers guided tours of the building An art gallery on the top floor exhibits paintings sculptures and jewellery of prisoners incarcerated in prisons all over contemporary Ireland Kilmainham Gaol is one of the biggest unoccupied prisons in Europe 17 Now empty of prisoners it is filled with history In 2013 Kilmainham courthouse located beside the prison which had remained in operation as a seat of the Dublin District court until 2008 was handed over to the OPW for refurbishment as part of a broader redevelopment of the Gaol and the surrounding Kilmainham Plaza in advance of the 100th anniversary of the 1916 Rising 18 The courthouse opened in 2015 as the attached visitor s centre for the Gaol 19 Historical importance EditThis section possibly contains original research Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations Statements consisting only of original research should be removed October 2012 Learn how and when to remove this template message Since its restoration Kilmainham Gaol has been understood by whom as one of the most important Irish monuments of the modern period in relation to the narrative of the struggle for Irish independence In the period of time extending from its opening in 1796 until its decommissioning in 1924 it had been barring the notable exceptions of Daniel O Connell and Michael Collins a site of incarceration of significant Irish nationalist leaders of both the constitutional and physical force traditions Thus its history as an institution is intimately linked with the story of Irish nationalism The majority of the Irish leaders in the rebellions of 1798 1803 1848 1867 and 1916 were imprisoned there It also housed prisoners during the Irish War of Independence 1919 21 and many of the anti treaty forces during the civil war period Charles Stewart Parnell was imprisoned in Kilmainham Gaol along with most of his parliamentary colleagues in 1881 82 when he signed the Kilmainham Treaty with William Gladstone 20 Edmund Wellisha the head guard at the prison was convicted of undernourishing prisoners in support of the rebellion Former prisoners Edit Cell of Eamon de Valera Informers Corridor pictured c 1890s Henry Joy McCracken 1796 Rev Sinclair Kelburn 1797 Oliver Bond 1798 Bond a native of St Johnston County Donegal was to die in the prison James Bartholomew Blackwell 1799 James Napper Tandy 1799 Robert Emmet 1803 Anne Devlin 1803 Thomas Russell 1803 Michael Dwyer 1803 William Smith O Brien 1848 Thomas Francis Meagher 1848 Jeremiah O Donovan Rossa 1867 John O Connor Power 1868 J E Kenny 1881 Charles Stewart Parnell 1881 William O Brien 1881 James Joseph O Kelly 1881 John Dillon 1882 Willie Redmond 1882 Joe Brady Phoenix Park Murders 1883 Daniel Curley Phoenix Park Murders 1883 Tim Kelly Phoenix Park Murders 1883 Thomas Caffrey Phoenix Park Murders 1883 Michael Fagan Phoenix Park Murders 1883 Michael Davitt Patrick Pearse 1916 Willie Pearse Younger brother of Patrick Pearse 1916 James Connolly Executed but not held at Kilmainham 1916 Conn Colbert 1916 Constance Markievicz 1916 Eamon de Valera 1916 and 1923 Paul Galligan 1916 John MacBride 1916 Joseph Plunkett 1916 Michael O Hanrahan 1916 Edward Daly 1916 Sean Mac Diarmada 1916 Grace Gifford wife of Joseph Plunkett 1922 Ernie O Malley during the War of Independence and the Civil War Peadar O Donnell during the Civil War Frank McBreen during War of Independence Thomas MacDonagh 1916 Thomas Clarke 1916 Mairead De Lappe During the Civil War Mother of broadcaster Proinsias Mac Aonghusa Madeleine ffrench Mullen 1916 Bridie O Mullane Films EditThe following films have been filmed at Kilmainham Gaol The Quare Fellow 1962 The Face of Fu Manchu 1965 starring Christopher Lee The Italian Job 1969 Sitting Target 1972 starring Oliver Reed The Mackintosh Man 1973 The Last Remake of Beau Geste 1977 The Whistle Blower 1987 The Babe 1992 In the Name of the Father 1993 Michael Collins 1996 The Adventures of the Young Indiana Jones 2000 Love s Sweet Song The Escapist 2008 starring Brian Cox The Wind That Shakes the Barley 2006 Paddington 2 2017 interior A music video for the U2 song A Celebration was filmed in Kilmainham Gaol in July 1982 The prison hosted a live performance from Irish band Fontaines D C on June 14 2020 with the accompanying live album released as part of Record Store Day 2021 The prison was also used in the 2015 AMC series Into the Badlands the 2012 BBC series Ripper Street and the 2011 series of ITV s Primeval Photographs EditMore photographs in Wikimedia Commons Prisoner crafts in Kilmainham Jail Museum A view inside Patrick Pearse s cell Mural of a Madonna painted by Grace Gifford Plunkett while she was held during the Civil War Robert Emmet s cell door A view of the landing where the 1916 leaders were held before their execution The view from the prison courtyards The view from the prison courtyards Cross marking the place of execution of the leaders of the 1916 Rising Cross marking the place of execution of James Connolly Plaque marking the executions of the leaders of the 1916 Rising Entrance to Kilmainham Gaol Five Snakes in Chains above Entrance See also EditPrisons in IrelandReferences Edit National Monuments of County Dublin in State Care PDF heritageireland ie National Monument Service p 2 Retrieved 13 July 2020 a b c d Kilmainham Jail Dublin Tourist information dublin co uk Retrieved 28 June 2013 Cooke Pat 2014 A History Of Kilmainham Gaol The Office of Public Works Brunswick Press Ltd p 10 ISBN 978 0 7076 0479 4 A decisive effort at improvement was at last made in 1840 The Grand Jury made a sum of 1 550 available to supply an additional 30 female cells Zuelow Eric Fall Winter 2004 Enshrining Ireland s nationalist history inside prison walls the restoration of Kilmainham Jail Eire Ireland 39 3 amp 4 186 doi 10 1353 eir 2004 0024 Zuelow Eric Fall Winter 2004 Enshrining Ireland s nationalist history inside prison walls the restoration of Kilmainham Jail Eire Ireland 39 3 amp 4 186 87 doi 10 1353 eir 2004 0024 Zuelow Eric Fall Winter 2004 Enshrining Ireland s nationalist history inside prison walls the restoration of Kilmainham Jail Eire Ireland 39 3 amp 4 188 doi 10 1353 eir 2004 0024 Zuelow Eric Fall Winter 2004 Enshrining Ireland s nationalist history inside prison walls the restoration of Kilmainham Jail Eire Ireland 39 3 amp 4 189 doi 10 1353 eir 2004 0024 Zuelow Eric Fall Winter 2004 Enshrining Ireland s nationalist history inside prison walls the restoration of Kilmainham Jail Eire Ireland 39 3 amp 4 190 doi 10 1353 eir 2004 0024 Zuelow Eric Fall Winter 2004 Enshrining Ireland s nationalist history inside prison walls the restoration of Kilmainham Jail Eire Ireland 39 3 amp 4 190 91 doi 10 1353 eir 2004 0024 Zuelow Eric 2007 National identity and tourism in twentieth century Ireland the role of collective re imagining In Michael Young Eric Zuelow Andreas Sturm eds Nationalism in a Global Era The Persistence of Nations London Routledge pp 150 51 ISBN 978 0 415 41405 0 Zuelow Eric Fall Winter 2004 Enshrining Ireland s nationalist history inside prison walls the restoration of Kilmainham Jail Eire Ireland 39 3 amp 4 191 93 doi 10 1353 eir 2004 0024 Zuelow Eric Fall Winter 2004 Enshrining Ireland s nationalist history inside prison walls the restoration of Kilmainham Jail Eire Ireland 39 3 amp 4 194 doi 10 1353 eir 2004 0024 a b Zuelow Eric Fall Winter 2004 Enshrining Ireland s nationalist history inside prison walls the restoration of Kilmainham Jail Eire Ireland 39 3 amp 4 196 doi 10 1353 eir 2004 0024 Kilmainham Jail Restoration Society c 1960 Kilmainham Dublin p 3 More volunteers needed for work on jail Irish Independent 31 May 1960 Kilmainham Jail chapel reopens Irish Independent 25 October 1971 Heritage Ireland Kilmainham Gaol www heritageireland ie Archived from the original on 20 February 2008 Retrieved 30 November 2017 Kilmainham Tales www kilmainhamtales ie Retrieved 13 May 2020 New Visitor Centre Kilmainham Courthouse Open to the Public News The Liberties Dublin Retrieved 13 May 2020 Cooke Pat 2006 Kilmainham Gaol confronting change Irish Arts Review 23 42 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kilmainham Gaol Kilmainham Gaol Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Kilmainham Gaol amp oldid 1146729022, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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