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Killing of Marvin Gaye

April 01, 2023

On April 1, 1984, Marvin Gaye, an American musician who gained worldwide fame for his work with Motown Records, was shot and killed on the day before his 45th birthday by his father, Marvin Gay Sr., at their house in the Arlington Heights district of Los Angeles, California.[1][2] Gaye was shot twice following an altercation with his father after he intervened in an argument between his parents. He was pronounced dead on arrival at the California Hospital Medical Center. His father later pleaded no contest to a charge of voluntary manslaughter.

Killing of Marvin Gaye
Gaye in 1973
LocationArlington Heights, Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Coordinates34°2′16″N 118°18′49″W / 34.03778°N 118.31361°W / 34.03778; -118.31361Coordinates: 34°2′16″N 118°18′49″W / 34.03778°N 118.31361°W / 34.03778; -118.31361
DateApril 1, 1984; 39 years ago (1984-04-01)
12:38 pm (approx time) (Pacific Time Zone (UTC-8))
Attack type
Shooting
Weapons.38 Special
VictimMarvin Gaye
PerpetratorMarvin Gay Sr.

Gaye's death inspired several musical tributes over the years including recollections of the incidents leading to his death. Gaye was given a burial plot at Forest Lawn Cemetery, and was later cremated and his ashes spread around the Pacific Ocean.

Circumstances

 
Marvin Gaye performing in concert during the 1980s.

Marvin Gaye had a bitter relationship with his father, Marvin Gay Sr., since his childhood. Marvin Sr. was a Christian minister who was a strict disciplinarian and often physically punished his children. He was also a crossdresser, which was widely known in the family's Washington, D.C., neighborhood and made the younger Marvin a target of bullying.[3] It was because of this, added with rumors of Gaye's own homosexuality (and in tribute to one of Gaye's favorite singers, Sam Cooke),[4] that he added an "e" to his last name when he became famous. Gaye's father never approved of his son's career in music, and gradually grew resentful that Gaye was closer to his mother, Alberta, and had become the breadwinner for the family. Despite a brief improvement in their relationship after Gaye found success with his album What's Going On, father and son never found any lasting peace.

By 1983, after a period as a European tax exile, Gaye had re-entered the public eye with the hit song "Sexual Healing" and its album, Midnight Love. For a time, he had also achieved sobriety during his extensive stay in Belgium.[5] Returning to the U.S., he embarked on his final Sexual Healing Tour in April of that year.[6] Gaye, who had a profound dislike for touring, returned to cocaine abuse to cope with the pressures of the road, and midway through the tour he developed paranoia over an alleged attempt on his life, wearing a bulletproof vest until he was on stage. [7]

When the tour ended in August 1983, Gaye returned to the U.S. to nurse his mother, who was recovering from kidney surgery,[5][8] and moved into his parents' residence at 2101 South Gramercy Place, a home which he bought for them in 1973.[2][9] During his stay, Gaye's father was absent.[10] That October, his father returned from a business trip in Washington during which he purchased insurance on his family's previous residence.[11] Initially, Gaye's sisters Jeanne and Zeola lived in the house before Marvin Sr. returned to the property, and left shortly afterwards due to the growing conflict between father and son.[12]

For the next six months, the two men struggled to keep their distance from one another. During one quarrel at the house, the elder Gay called police to have his son leave the property.[13] After staying with one of his sisters, however, Gaye returned to the property stating to a friend of his, "After all, I have just one father. I want to make peace with him."[13] Jeanne Gay later told David Ritz that her father had told her if Marvin ever touched him, he'd "kill him".[14][15]

On Christmas Day 1983, Gaye gave his father a Smith & Wesson .38 Special pistol so that he could protect himself from intruders.[16] Friends and family members contended that the younger Marvin was often suicidal and paranoid, and by now was afraid of leaving his room and spoke of little besides suicide and death. Gaye sometimes wore three overcoats and put his shoes on the wrong feet.[17] Four days before his death, according to his sister Jeanne, Gaye had tried to kill himself by jumping out of a speeding sports car, suffering only minor bruises.[18] Jeanne contended that "there was no doubt Marvin wanted to die" and that he "couldn't take any more."[19]

Killing

 
Marvin Gay Sr. at his sentencing hearing following the shooting of his son, September 1984

In the days prior to his death, Gaye's parents had arguments mainly over a misplaced insurance policy letter.[18] The day before his death, the arguments spread to Gaye's bedroom. Angered by his father confronting his mother, Gaye commanded Marvin Sr. to leave her alone; Marvin Sr. complied without incident and there was no violence that night, but Marvin Sr. continued yelling throughout the house.

At approximately 12:30 p.m. (PST; 20:30 UTC)[20] on April 1, 1984, an impatient Marvin Sr. shouted at his wife about the document.[17] Gaye, dressed in a maroon robe, shouted back downstairs, telling his father if he had something to say, he should do it in person.[21] According to Alberta, when Marvin Sr. refused his son's request, Gaye warned him not to come to his room.[22] Marvin Sr., however, instead charged upstairs to the bedroom to verbally attack Alberta over the document, causing Gaye to jump out of his bed and once again order his father out of the room.[21] When ordering did not work, Gaye, enraged, reportedly shoved his father out of the room into the hallway[21] then began kicking and punching him.

Alberta later told Ritz: "Marvin hit him. I shouted for him to stop, but he paid no attention to me. He gave my husband some hard kicks."[21] Jeanne later recalled that it was understood in the family that if one of the children ever dared to strike their father that he would "murder him or her", saying her father "made it very clear" and "said so publicly on more than one occasion."[21] Gaye reportedly followed his father to the bedroom and, according to his mother, continued to kick him brutally.[21][22][23] Eventually, Alberta separated Gaye from his father and returned him to his bedroom.[21][22]

Minutes later, at 12:38 p.m. (PST; 20:38 UTC), Marvin Sr. entered his bedroom, returning with the .38 pistol his son had earlier bought him, pointed it at Gaye and shot him directly in the heart, as Alberta later explained to police:

I was standing about eight feet away from Marvin, when my husband came to the door of the bedroom with his pistol. My husband didn't say anything, he just pointed the gun at Marvin. I screamed but it was very quick. He, my husband, shot – and Marvin screamed. I tried to run. Marvin slid down to the floor after the first shot.[22][23]

The first shot, which proved to be fatal, entered the right side of Gaye's chest, perforating his right lung, heart, diaphragm, liver, stomach and left kidney before coming to rest against his left flank.[22] Marvin Sr. stepped closer after the first shot and shot him a second time at point-blank range.[21][22]

In a 2018 episode of the Reelz TV series Autopsy: The Last Hours of..., forensic pathologist Michael Hunter expressed his belief that Gaye was initially shot nonfatally in the left shoulder by his father while the two men were standing two feet apart while facing each other.[24] Hunter believed that this first shot "penetrated the left shoulder just below the clavicle and exited his back without causing any serious injury", the impact of which caused Gaye to fall down.[24] Hunter also believed that Gaye was then shot fatally in the chest, which "had a very damaging and odd trajectory," traveling "diagonally down through the lung, heart, diaphragm, liver, and kidney, finally embedding itself on the left side of the torso."[24] From Hunter's point of view, "the direction of the bullet's trajectory suggests Marvin was positioned toward his father, and that his father was likely to have been moving away at the time."[24]

Afraid of being shot next, Alberta screamed and ran out of the bedroom, all the while pleading in fear to her husband not to shoot her.[21] According to reports, Gaye's father hid the gun underneath his pillow. In the meantime, Gaye's brother Frankie and his sister-in-law, Irene, heard the shots as they lived in a guest house on the property. After the first shot, Frankie initially thought it sounded like a car backfired.[25] Afterwards, they heard screams from outside, rushed out, and saw Alberta who ran into Irene's arms, shouting, "He's shot Marvin. He's killed my boy."[26]

Frankie ran to the house and carefully walked into the hallway to his brother's room, not knowing if Marvin Sr. was still armed, whether he was still in the room, or if his brother was dead. After walking into Gaye's bedroom, an emotional Frankie held him as Gaye bled rapidly. Frankie alleges that Marvin, barely speaking above a whisper, told him, "I got what I wanted... I couldn't do it myself, so I had him do it... it's good, I ran my race, there's no more left in me."[27] After police arrived, Irene went to Marvin Sr. in his bedroom and asked him where the gun was. After searching over his bedroom, Irene located it under his pillow. Upon exiting the house, Irene dropped the gun on the lawn. Immediately following this, Marvin Sr., who had by now taken a seat on the front porch outside the house, was arrested.[28]

The police arrived twenty minutes after the shooting. Gaye's body was taken out of the house and sent to the California Hospital Medical Center.[28] At approximately 1:01 p.m. (PST; 21:01 UTC), Gaye was pronounced dead on arrival.[28] He died just one day before his 45th birthday.[28] As soon as his death was announced, several of Gaye's neighbors and onlookers paraded around the house, many in stunned shock and silence.

Autopsy and funeral

 
Gaye's death certificate
 
People gathering outside Marvin Gaye's house following news the singer was fatally shot, April 1, 1984.

An autopsy was conducted on Gaye's body shortly after his death. Test results showed that he had elements of cocaine and PCP (or angel dust) in his system.[29] After lawyers misread the coroner's report, Judge Ronald George determined later during preliminary hearings in the court case that PCP can often provoke violence. When told that the report had concluded only that Gaye had just cocaine traces in his system, the judge said PCP was not a major factor in his decision.[30]

During an interview with the police, Gaye's father contended that he was scared that something would happen to him and that he only meant to shoot in self-defense, stating he did not know the gun had any bullets in it, claiming he thought there were either "blanks or BBs."[30][23] When asked if he loved his son, Marvin Sr. reportedly stated in a soft voice, "Let's say I didn't dislike him."[30] Upon being told that his son had died from the shots, Marvin Sr. reportedly wept after realizing he had killed him.[30] Marvin Sr. was held on bond afterwards.

Gaye's siblings believed that his death was a "premeditated suicide". Jeanne later said that upon forcing his father's hand in the murder that he had "accomplished three things. He put himself out of his misery. He brought relief to Mother by finally getting her husband out of her life. And he punished Father, by making certain that the rest of his life would be miserable... my brother knew just what he was doing."[30]

On April 5, 1984, a star-studded funeral was held for Gaye at Forest Lawn Memorial Park, Glendale, attended by over 10,000 mourners, including his Motown colleagues; his two ex-wives, Anna Gaye and Janis Gaye; and his siblings, mother and three children.[22][31] Smokey Robinson and Dick Gregory delivered eulogies, while Stevie Wonder performed "Lighting Up the Candles," which was later included on Wonder's soundtrack to the film Jungle Fever, and Cecil T. "Sesil J" Jenkins sang "The Lord's Prayer".[32] At the open-casket funeral, Gaye was wearing one of his costumes from his final concert tour, a gold and white military style uniform, with an ermine wrap at his shoulders.[22][31] The funeral was presided by the Chief Apostle of Gaye's family's old church, the House of God.[31] Following the funeral, Gaye was given a burial plot. In accordance with the family's request, his body was cremated with half of his ashes spread near the Pacific Ocean by his three children and Anna Gaye.[31][33] Anna and their adopted son, Marvin III, then kept a small portion of the ashes for themselves.

Gaye left behind no will.[34] As a result, his son Marvin III, aged 17 at the time, became co-administrator of his estate.[35] At the time of his death Gaye was struggling financially, as the IRS had asked for $1 million (US$2,608,264 in 2021 dollars[36]) to pay back unpaid taxes of $600,000 (US$1,564,958 in 2021 dollars[36]) to the State of California and back alimony of $300,000 (US$782,479 in 2021 dollars[36]) to Anna and Janis Gaye.[37] He was $1,900,000 (US$4,955,701 in 2021 dollars[36]) in debt at the time of his death, but royalties from Gaye's work eventually paid off those debts.

Court case

Marvin Sr. was held at the Los Angeles County Jail on $100,000 bail.[30] His accounts of the shooting were printed in the Los Angeles Herald-Examiner, quoting his words: "I didn't mean to do it."[38]

During a check up at the County-USC Medical Center, a benign tumor was discovered at the base of Marvin Sr.'s brain. Doctors removed the tumor on May 17, 1984. On June 12, after reviewing a two-page report, including two psychiatric evaluations conducted by Ronald Markman, Judge Michael Pirosh ruled that Marvin Sr. was competent to stand trial.[39] He appeared in court again on June 20, where he was ordered to return on July 16 for a preliminary hearing.

Marvin Sr.'s estranged wife, Alberta, posted the reduced bail of $30,000 via a bondsman to secure the ex-minister's release from jail.[40] Two days earlier, she had filed for divorce, citing as grounds that she had officially separated from him following their son's fatal shooting on the same day.[40][41] Looking over documents, the amount of drugs in Gaye's system, and pictures of Marvin Sr.'s injuries during his final fight with his son, Judge Ronald M. George agreed to grant Marvin Sr. a plea bargain. As a result, he pleaded no contest to a voluntary manslaughter charge on September 20, 1984.[42] On November 2, Judge Gordon Ringer sentenced Marvin Sr. to a six-year suspended sentence and five years of probation. During the sentencing hearing, Marvin Sr. tearfully told the court:

If I could bring him back, I would. I was afraid of him. I thought I was going to get hurt. I didn't know what was going to happen. I'm really sorry for everything that happened. I loved him. I wish he could step through this door right now. I'm paying the price now.[43][44]

Aftermath

Reactions

News stations reported on Gaye's death almost immediately after it was announced, with one of the most prominent announcements coming from CBS anchor Dan Rather.[30] Eulogies were delivered in American, Asian and European countries.[30] The New York Times ran the story in its front page the day after his death.[30]

Many of Gaye's friends and peers were initially shocked to learn of Gaye’s death. Some of them did not initially believe the news because April 1 is also April Fools' Day, a date associated with jokes and hoaxes with the media taking part in such for that day only. Otis Williams, of the Motown group The Temptations, recalled receiving the news while touring with the Four Tops in Australia and said, "It was a very dark day that I will never forget as the day I lost a friend."[45] Former Motown staffer Janie Bradford and her husband were driving home after listening to radio all day when the announcer announced Gaye's death.[46] CBS Urban president Larkin Arnold was also reportedly stunned with the news as he had tried to get Gaye in the studio for his follow-up to Midnight Love.[46] Smokey Robinson heard the news of Gaye's death on the radio; feeling that his "innards wouldn't accept" the news, he called Gaye's ex-wife Anna to find out whether it was true, and she confirmed it before he could ask her, leaving Robinson in shock.[47][48]

Longtime Gaye admirer and former nephew-in-law Jermaine Jackson, brother of Michael Jackson, recalled sobbing uncontrollably once he heard the news and called Barry White to confirm the story.[49] According to White, Gaye had agreed to do a series of duets with him.[49] Berry Gordy's ex-wife Ray Singleton received the news from Anna on the phone. Upon the arrival of her son and Gaye's adopted son, Marvin III, Singleton told Gaye III to go upstairs and talk to his mother, who then told him the news.[50]

VH1 listed Gaye's death as the eighth most shocking moment in rock and roll. Recollections of the death from admirers of Gaye included rapper Chuck D and Al Sharpton, who noted the coincidence of the date when he replied that the death came "like a sick, sad joke to all of us."[51] Gordy, who was overcome with emotion and grief over Gaye's death, took out full-page ads following his funeral declaring that Gaye was "the greatest of his time" and the best recording artist he ever worked with.[52] New wave group Duran Duran dedicated their hit ballad, "Save a Prayer", to Gaye the following afternoon during a performance in Oakland, California; their performance was later taped for the videotape, Arena.

Immediately after his death, numerous fans of Gaye stood outside the house at Gramercy Place, placed memorabilia and other items on the lawn, and held vigils there, until the next day, Gaye's birthday.[2]

Memorials and tributes

Main article: List of tributes to Marvin Gaye

Gaye was placed on the cover of Rolling Stone for the third time in a posthumous cover in its May 10, 1984, issue. The issue discussed Gaye's personal life, his music, and his contributions to Motown and popular music.

In November 1984, Diana Ross released the tribute song, "Missing You." It appeared on Ross' album, Swept Away, and later peaked at No. 1 on the Hot Black Singles chart and placed at No. 10 on the Billboard Hot 100. Later, a video of the song featured classic footage of Gaye, including footage of Gaye appearing at Ross' 1982 concert in Brussels. The following January while hosting the American Music Awards, Ross led an In Memoriam tribute to stars who died in 1984 with Gaye leading the tribute. Also in November 1984, Teena Marie released the tribute song, "My Dear Mr. Gaye" from her hit album, Starchild, the highest selling album of her career. The Commodores issued the song "Nightshift," which was dedicated to Gaye and fellow musician Jackie Wilson, who also died in 1984. The song, featured on their album of the same name, peaked at No. 1 on the rhythm and blues chart, reached the top ten on the Hot 100, and became a hit in other countries. Todd Rundgren's song "Lost Horizon" from his A Cappella album is said to be dedicated to Gaye. Rundgren later performed a medley of Gaye's hits during concerts and sometimes added "Lost Horizon" to the medley. In 1989, soul band Frankie Beverly & Maze produced the tribute song, "Silky Soul," taking its melody from "What's Going On." The song featured Nona Gaye in the video and later peaked at No. 5 on the R&B chart. At least two tribute albums of Gaye's have been released: 1995's Inner City Blues: The Music of Marvin Gaye and 1999's Marvin Is 60: A Tribute Album.

Starting in 1985, there have been annual Marvin Gaye Day celebrations in the city of Washington, D.C., Gaye's hometown. The day was officiated by then-mayor Marion Barry on the day of Gaye's 46th birthday.[53] Since then, a non-profit organization has helped to organize Marvin Gaye Day celebrations in the city.[54] In 1986, Marvin's mother Alberta founded the Marvin P. Gaye Jr. Memorial Foundation, which is dedicated to those suffering from drug abuse and alcoholism. It opened a day after she died from complications of bone cancer in May 1987.[55] In 1990, after years of petitions and letters, Gaye was given a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, with one of its most prominent letters written by longtime fan Eddie Murphy. Six years later, in 1996, Gaye posthumously received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. In 2006, an old park that Gaye frequented as a teenager, the former Watts Branch Park, was renamed Marvin Gaye Park in his honor.[56] Three years later, in 2009, the 5200 block of Foote Street NE in Deanwood, Washington, D.C., was renamed Marvin Gaye Way.[57]

On November 20, 2018, the United States Postal Service announced that Marvin Gaye would be featured on a first class postage stamp, as part of the Postal Service's Music Icons series (past honorees include Elvis Presley and John Lennon).[58]

References

  1. ^ . Archived from the original on April 25, 2013. Retrieved June 18, 2012.
  2. ^ a b c Communications, Emmis (January 1998). Dial Them For Murder. Los Angeles Magazine.
  3. ^ The Fatal Relationship Between Marvin Gaye and his Disturbed Father. Smee, Taryn. The Vintage News. 12 October 2018. Retrieved 21 December 2021.
  4. ^ "Jet". Johnson Publishing Company. 6 May 1985.
  5. ^ a b "Marvin Gaye – American Way Magazine". Retrieved July 8, 2009.
  6. ^ Ritz 1991, pp. 318–320.
  7. ^ Ritz 1991, pp. 320–325.
  8. ^ Ritz 1991, pp. 310–315.
  9. ^ Ritz 1991, p. 325.
  10. ^ Ritz 1991, p. 321-322.
  11. ^ Ritz 1991, p. 326.
  12. ^ Ritz 1991, pp. 322–325.
  13. ^ a b Eric Levin (April 16, 1985). "Marvin Gaye Was a Prince of Soul, but One Who Knew the Torment of Drugs and Violence". People. Retrieved March 18, 2017.
  14. ^ Ebony 1985, p. 108.
  15. ^ Jet 1985, p. 18.
  16. ^ "The Domestic Dispute that ended the life of Marvin Gaye". trutv.com. Retrieved June 18, 2012.
  17. ^ a b Ritz 1991, p. 332.
  18. ^ a b Ritz 1991, pp. 331–332.
  19. ^ Ritz 1991, pp. 329–332.
  20. ^ "Marvin Gaye Is Shot And Killed; Pop Singer's Father Faces Charge". The New York Times. April 1, 1984. Retrieved March 29, 2015.
  21. ^ a b c d e f g h i Ritz 1991, p. 333.
  22. ^ a b c d e f g h . Archived from the original on October 11, 2003. Retrieved June 18, 2012.
  23. ^ a b c Baltimore Afro-American 1984.
  24. ^ a b c d "Autopsy: The Last Hours of Marvin Gaye." Autopsy: The Last Hours of.... Nar. Eric Meyers. Exec. Prod. Ed Taylor, Clare Hollywood, and Michael Kelpie. Reelz, February 25, 2018. Television.
  25. ^ Gaye 2003, p. 2.
  26. ^ Gaye 2003, p. 3.
  27. ^ Gaye 2003, p. 189-191.
  28. ^ a b c d Ritz 1991, p. 334.
  29. ^ "The Life and Death of Marvin Gaye: Conclusion". TruTv.com. Retrieved October 2, 2012.
  30. ^ a b c d e f g h i Ritz 1991, p. 337.
  31. ^ a b c d Ritz 1991, pp. 335–336.
  32. ^ Ritz 1991, pp. 239–253.
  33. ^ Jet 1985, pp. 12–16.
  34. ^ Ritz 1991, p. ix.
  35. ^ Jet 1984b, p. 57.
  36. ^ a b c d 1634–1699: McCusker, J. J. (1997). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1700–1799: McCusker, J. J. (1992). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1800–present: Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. "Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–". Retrieved April 16, 2022.
  37. ^ Ritz 1991, p. 335.
  38. ^ "AROUND THE NATION; Marvin Gaye's Father Tells of Fatal Shooting". The New York Times. April 8, 1984.
  39. ^ The Montreal Gazette 1984, p. 60.
  40. ^ a b Ritz 1991, p. 338.
  41. ^ Kentucky New Era 1984.
  42. ^ "AROUND THE NATION; No-Contest Plea In Death of Marvin Gaye". The New York Times. September 21, 1984.
  43. ^ "The Life and Death of Marvin Gaye". Retrieved June 18, 2012.
  44. ^ Glatt 2011, p. 239.
  45. ^ Bowman, Rob (April 2006). "Marvin Gaye: The Real Thing". Marvin Gaye: The Real Thing in Performance 1964–1981: 3.
  46. ^ a b Celebrity Crime Stories: Marvin Gaye, TV One, 2012
  47. ^ American Masters: What's Going On – The Life and Death of Marvin Gaye, PBS, 2008
  48. ^ "Marvin Gaye Last Day". PBS. YouTube. Archived from the original on 2021-12-21. Retrieved July 13, 2014.
  49. ^ a b Behind the Music, VH1, 1998
  50. ^ Singleton 1990, p. 328-332.
  51. ^ VH1's Most Shocking Moments in Rock & Roll, VH1, 1998
  52. ^ Ritz 1991, pp. 336–337.
  53. ^ Jet 1985, p. 56.
  54. ^ "Home Page". Retrieved December 7, 2012.
  55. ^ Jet 1987, p. 57.
  56. ^ . Archived from the original on July 17, 2012. Retrieved December 7, 2012.
  57. ^ . April 1, 2009. Archived from the original on July 17, 2012. Retrieved December 7, 2012.
  58. ^ "Arts, Entertainment, History and Culture Headline the 2019 Forever Stamp Lineup". about.usps.com. Retrieved October 31, 2019.

Sources

  • "Marvin Gaye killing described by mother". Baltimore Afro-American. June 16, 1984.
  • Collier, Aldore (April 16, 1984). "Marvin Gaye: His Tragic Death and Troubled Life". Jet.
  • Collier, Aldore (May 21, 1984). "Gaye's Son Is Named To Oversee His Father's Estate". Jet.
  • Collier, Aldore (April 8, 1985). "A Year Later: What Happened to Marvin Gaye's Family, Fortune?". Jet.
  • Collier, Aldore (May 25, 1987). "Marvin Gaye's Mother Dies On Eve Of Opening Drug Center She Founded As His Memorial". Jet.
  • Gaye, Frankie (2003). Marvin Gaye, My Brother. Backbeat Books. ISBN 0-87930-742-0.
  • Glatt, John (April 11, 2011). For I Have Sinned: True Stories of Clergy Who Kill. Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-42992-442-9.
  • "Marvin Gaye Jr". Kentucky New Era. June 16, 1984.
  • "Marvin Gay Sr. ruled fit for trial in son's death". The Montreal Gazette. June 13, 1984.
  • Ritz, David (July 1985). "The Last Days of Marvin Gaye". Ebony.
  • Ritz, David (1991). Divided Soul: The Life of Marvin Gaye. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Da Capo Press. ISBN 0-306-81191-X.

Further reading

  • Davis, Sharon (1991). Marvin Gaye: I Heard It Through the Grapevine. Croydon, Surrey: Bookmarque Ltd. ISBN 1-84018-320-9.
  • Dyson, Michael Eric (2004). Mercy, Mercy Me: The Art, Loves, and Demons of Marvin Gaye. New York/Philadelphia: Basic Civitas. ISBN 0-465-01769-X.
  • Turner, Steve (1998). Trouble Man: The Life and Death of Marvin Gaye. London: Michael Joseph. ISBN 0-7181-4112-1.

April 01, 2023
killing, marvin, gaye, april, 1984, marvin, gaye, american, musician, gained, worldwide, fame, work, with, motown, records, shot, killed, before, 45th, birthday, father, marvin, their, house, arlington, heights, district, angeles, california, gaye, shot, twice. On April 1 1984 Marvin Gaye an American musician who gained worldwide fame for his work with Motown Records was shot and killed on the day before his 45th birthday by his father Marvin Gay Sr at their house in the Arlington Heights district of Los Angeles California 1 2 Gaye was shot twice following an altercation with his father after he intervened in an argument between his parents He was pronounced dead on arrival at the California Hospital Medical Center His father later pleaded no contest to a charge of voluntary manslaughter Killing of Marvin GayeGaye in 1973LocationArlington Heights Los Angeles California U S Coordinates34 2 16 N 118 18 49 W 34 03778 N 118 31361 W 34 03778 118 31361 Coordinates 34 2 16 N 118 18 49 W 34 03778 N 118 31361 W 34 03778 118 31361DateApril 1 1984 39 years ago 1984 04 01 12 38 pm approx time Pacific Time Zone UTC 8 Attack typeShootingWeapons 38 SpecialVictimMarvin GayePerpetratorMarvin Gay Sr Gaye s death inspired several musical tributes over the years including recollections of the incidents leading to his death Gaye was given a burial plot at Forest Lawn Cemetery and was later cremated and his ashes spread around the Pacific Ocean Contents 1 Circumstances 2 Killing 2 1 Autopsy and funeral 2 2 Court case 3 Aftermath 3 1 Reactions 3 2 Memorials and tributes 4 References 4 1 Sources 5 Further readingCircumstances Edit Marvin Gaye performing in concert during the 1980s Marvin Gaye had a bitter relationship with his father Marvin Gay Sr since his childhood Marvin Sr was a Christian minister who was a strict disciplinarian and often physically punished his children He was also a crossdresser which was widely known in the family s Washington D C neighborhood and made the younger Marvin a target of bullying 3 It was because of this added with rumors of Gaye s own homosexuality and in tribute to one of Gaye s favorite singers Sam Cooke 4 that he added an e to his last name when he became famous Gaye s father never approved of his son s career in music and gradually grew resentful that Gaye was closer to his mother Alberta and had become the breadwinner for the family Despite a brief improvement in their relationship after Gaye found success with his album What s Going On father and son never found any lasting peace By 1983 after a period as a European tax exile Gaye had re entered the public eye with the hit song Sexual Healing and its album Midnight Love For a time he had also achieved sobriety during his extensive stay in Belgium 5 Returning to the U S he embarked on his final Sexual Healing Tour in April of that year 6 Gaye who had a profound dislike for touring returned to cocaine abuse to cope with the pressures of the road and midway through the tour he developed paranoia over an alleged attempt on his life wearing a bulletproof vest until he was on stage 7 When the tour ended in August 1983 Gaye returned to the U S to nurse his mother who was recovering from kidney surgery 5 8 and moved into his parents residence at 2101 South Gramercy Place a home which he bought for them in 1973 2 9 During his stay Gaye s father was absent 10 That October his father returned from a business trip in Washington during which he purchased insurance on his family s previous residence 11 Initially Gaye s sisters Jeanne and Zeola lived in the house before Marvin Sr returned to the property and left shortly afterwards due to the growing conflict between father and son 12 For the next six months the two men struggled to keep their distance from one another During one quarrel at the house the elder Gay called police to have his son leave the property 13 After staying with one of his sisters however Gaye returned to the property stating to a friend of his After all I have just one father I want to make peace with him 13 Jeanne Gay later told David Ritz that her father had told her if Marvin ever touched him he d kill him 14 15 On Christmas Day 1983 Gaye gave his father a Smith amp Wesson 38 Special pistol so that he could protect himself from intruders 16 Friends and family members contended that the younger Marvin was often suicidal and paranoid and by now was afraid of leaving his room and spoke of little besides suicide and death Gaye sometimes wore three overcoats and put his shoes on the wrong feet 17 Four days before his death according to his sister Jeanne Gaye had tried to kill himself by jumping out of a speeding sports car suffering only minor bruises 18 Jeanne contended that there was no doubt Marvin wanted to die and that he couldn t take any more 19 Killing Edit Marvin Gay Sr at his sentencing hearing following the shooting of his son September 1984 In the days prior to his death Gaye s parents had arguments mainly over a misplaced insurance policy letter 18 The day before his death the arguments spread to Gaye s bedroom Angered by his father confronting his mother Gaye commanded Marvin Sr to leave her alone Marvin Sr complied without incident and there was no violence that night but Marvin Sr continued yelling throughout the house At approximately 12 30 p m PST 20 30 UTC 20 on April 1 1984 an impatient Marvin Sr shouted at his wife about the document 17 Gaye dressed in a maroon robe shouted back downstairs telling his father if he had something to say he should do it in person 21 According to Alberta when Marvin Sr refused his son s request Gaye warned him not to come to his room 22 Marvin Sr however instead charged upstairs to the bedroom to verbally attack Alberta over the document causing Gaye to jump out of his bed and once again order his father out of the room 21 When ordering did not work Gaye enraged reportedly shoved his father out of the room into the hallway 21 then began kicking and punching him Alberta later told Ritz Marvin hit him I shouted for him to stop but he paid no attention to me He gave my husband some hard kicks 21 Jeanne later recalled that it was understood in the family that if one of the children ever dared to strike their father that he would murder him or her saying her father made it very clear and said so publicly on more than one occasion 21 Gaye reportedly followed his father to the bedroom and according to his mother continued to kick him brutally 21 22 23 Eventually Alberta separated Gaye from his father and returned him to his bedroom 21 22 Minutes later at 12 38 p m PST 20 38 UTC Marvin Sr entered his bedroom returning with the 38 pistol his son had earlier bought him pointed it at Gaye and shot him directly in the heart as Alberta later explained to police I was standing about eight feet away from Marvin when my husband came to the door of the bedroom with his pistol My husband didn t say anything he just pointed the gun at Marvin I screamed but it was very quick He my husband shot and Marvin screamed I tried to run Marvin slid down to the floor after the first shot 22 23 The first shot which proved to be fatal entered the right side of Gaye s chest perforating his right lung heart diaphragm liver stomach and left kidney before coming to rest against his left flank 22 Marvin Sr stepped closer after the first shot and shot him a second time at point blank range 21 22 In a 2018 episode of the Reelz TV series Autopsy The Last Hours of forensic pathologist Michael Hunter expressed his belief that Gaye was initially shot nonfatally in the left shoulder by his father while the two men were standing two feet apart while facing each other 24 Hunter believed that this first shot penetrated the left shoulder just below the clavicle and exited his back without causing any serious injury the impact of which caused Gaye to fall down 24 Hunter also believed that Gaye was then shot fatally in the chest which had a very damaging and odd trajectory traveling diagonally down through the lung heart diaphragm liver and kidney finally embedding itself on the left side of the torso 24 From Hunter s point of view the direction of the bullet s trajectory suggests Marvin was positioned toward his father and that his father was likely to have been moving away at the time 24 Afraid of being shot next Alberta screamed and ran out of the bedroom all the while pleading in fear to her husband not to shoot her 21 According to reports Gaye s father hid the gun underneath his pillow In the meantime Gaye s brother Frankie and his sister in law Irene heard the shots as they lived in a guest house on the property After the first shot Frankie initially thought it sounded like a car backfired 25 Afterwards they heard screams from outside rushed out and saw Alberta who ran into Irene s arms shouting He s shot Marvin He s killed my boy 26 Frankie ran to the house and carefully walked into the hallway to his brother s room not knowing if Marvin Sr was still armed whether he was still in the room or if his brother was dead After walking into Gaye s bedroom an emotional Frankie held him as Gaye bled rapidly Frankie alleges that Marvin barely speaking above a whisper told him I got what I wanted I couldn t do it myself so I had him do it it s good I ran my race there s no more left in me 27 After police arrived Irene went to Marvin Sr in his bedroom and asked him where the gun was After searching over his bedroom Irene located it under his pillow Upon exiting the house Irene dropped the gun on the lawn Immediately following this Marvin Sr who had by now taken a seat on the front porch outside the house was arrested 28 The police arrived twenty minutes after the shooting Gaye s body was taken out of the house and sent to the California Hospital Medical Center 28 At approximately 1 01 p m PST 21 01 UTC Gaye was pronounced dead on arrival 28 He died just one day before his 45th birthday 28 As soon as his death was announced several of Gaye s neighbors and onlookers paraded around the house many in stunned shock and silence Autopsy and funeral Edit Gaye s death certificate People gathering outside Marvin Gaye s house following news the singer was fatally shot April 1 1984 An autopsy was conducted on Gaye s body shortly after his death Test results showed that he had elements of cocaine and PCP or angel dust in his system 29 After lawyers misread the coroner s report Judge Ronald George determined later during preliminary hearings in the court case that PCP can often provoke violence When told that the report had concluded only that Gaye had just cocaine traces in his system the judge said PCP was not a major factor in his decision 30 During an interview with the police Gaye s father contended that he was scared that something would happen to him and that he only meant to shoot in self defense stating he did not know the gun had any bullets in it claiming he thought there were either blanks or BBs 30 23 When asked if he loved his son Marvin Sr reportedly stated in a soft voice Let s say I didn t dislike him 30 Upon being told that his son had died from the shots Marvin Sr reportedly wept after realizing he had killed him 30 Marvin Sr was held on bond afterwards Gaye s siblings believed that his death was a premeditated suicide Jeanne later said that upon forcing his father s hand in the murder that he had accomplished three things He put himself out of his misery He brought relief to Mother by finally getting her husband out of her life And he punished Father by making certain that the rest of his life would be miserable my brother knew just what he was doing 30 On April 5 1984 a star studded funeral was held for Gaye at Forest Lawn Memorial Park Glendale attended by over 10 000 mourners including his Motown colleagues his two ex wives Anna Gaye and Janis Gaye and his siblings mother and three children 22 31 Smokey Robinson and Dick Gregory delivered eulogies while Stevie Wonder performed Lighting Up the Candles which was later included on Wonder s soundtrack to the film Jungle Fever and Cecil T Sesil J Jenkins sang The Lord s Prayer 32 At the open casket funeral Gaye was wearing one of his costumes from his final concert tour a gold and white military style uniform with an ermine wrap at his shoulders 22 31 The funeral was presided by the Chief Apostle of Gaye s family s old church the House of God 31 Following the funeral Gaye was given a burial plot In accordance with the family s request his body was cremated with half of his ashes spread near the Pacific Ocean by his three children and Anna Gaye 31 33 Anna and their adopted son Marvin III then kept a small portion of the ashes for themselves Gaye left behind no will 34 As a result his son Marvin III aged 17 at the time became co administrator of his estate 35 At the time of his death Gaye was struggling financially as the IRS had asked for 1 million US 2 608 264 in 2021 dollars 36 to pay back unpaid taxes of 600 000 US 1 564 958 in 2021 dollars 36 to the State of California and back alimony of 300 000 US 782 479 in 2021 dollars 36 to Anna and Janis Gaye 37 He was 1 900 000 US 4 955 701 in 2021 dollars 36 in debt at the time of his death but royalties from Gaye s work eventually paid off those debts Court case Edit Marvin Sr was held at the Los Angeles County Jail on 100 000 bail 30 His accounts of the shooting were printed in the Los Angeles Herald Examiner quoting his words I didn t mean to do it 38 During a check up at the County USC Medical Center a benign tumor was discovered at the base of Marvin Sr s brain Doctors removed the tumor on May 17 1984 On June 12 after reviewing a two page report including two psychiatric evaluations conducted by Ronald Markman Judge Michael Pirosh ruled that Marvin Sr was competent to stand trial 39 He appeared in court again on June 20 where he was ordered to return on July 16 for a preliminary hearing Marvin Sr s estranged wife Alberta posted the reduced bail of 30 000 via a bondsman to secure the ex minister s release from jail 40 Two days earlier she had filed for divorce citing as grounds that she had officially separated from him following their son s fatal shooting on the same day 40 41 Looking over documents the amount of drugs in Gaye s system and pictures of Marvin Sr s injuries during his final fight with his son Judge Ronald M George agreed to grant Marvin Sr a plea bargain As a result he pleaded no contest to a voluntary manslaughter charge on September 20 1984 42 On November 2 Judge Gordon Ringer sentenced Marvin Sr to a six year suspended sentence and five years of probation During the sentencing hearing Marvin Sr tearfully told the court If I could bring him back I would I was afraid of him I thought I was going to get hurt I didn t know what was going to happen I m really sorry for everything that happened I loved him I wish he could step through this door right now I m paying the price now 43 44 Aftermath EditReactions Edit News stations reported on Gaye s death almost immediately after it was announced with one of the most prominent announcements coming from CBS anchor Dan Rather 30 Eulogies were delivered in American Asian and European countries 30 The New York Times ran the story in its front page the day after his death 30 Many of Gaye s friends and peers were initially shocked to learn of Gaye s death Some of them did not initially believe the news because April 1 is also April Fools Day a date associated with jokes and hoaxes with the media taking part in such for that day only Otis Williams of the Motown group The Temptations recalled receiving the news while touring with the Four Tops in Australia and said It was a very dark day that I will never forget as the day I lost a friend 45 Former Motown staffer Janie Bradford and her husband were driving home after listening to radio all day when the announcer announced Gaye s death 46 CBS Urban president Larkin Arnold was also reportedly stunned with the news as he had tried to get Gaye in the studio for his follow up to Midnight Love 46 Smokey Robinson heard the news of Gaye s death on the radio feeling that his innards wouldn t accept the news he called Gaye s ex wife Anna to find out whether it was true and she confirmed it before he could ask her leaving Robinson in shock 47 48 Longtime Gaye admirer and former nephew in law Jermaine Jackson brother of Michael Jackson recalled sobbing uncontrollably once he heard the news and called Barry White to confirm the story 49 According to White Gaye had agreed to do a series of duets with him 49 Berry Gordy s ex wife Ray Singleton received the news from Anna on the phone Upon the arrival of her son and Gaye s adopted son Marvin III Singleton told Gaye III to go upstairs and talk to his mother who then told him the news 50 VH1 listed Gaye s death as the eighth most shocking moment in rock and roll Recollections of the death from admirers of Gaye included rapper Chuck D and Al Sharpton who noted the coincidence of the date when he replied that the death came like a sick sad joke to all of us 51 Gordy who was overcome with emotion and grief over Gaye s death took out full page ads following his funeral declaring that Gaye was the greatest of his time and the best recording artist he ever worked with 52 New wave group Duran Duran dedicated their hit ballad Save a Prayer to Gaye the following afternoon during a performance in Oakland California their performance was later taped for the videotape Arena Immediately after his death numerous fans of Gaye stood outside the house at Gramercy Place placed memorabilia and other items on the lawn and held vigils there until the next day Gaye s birthday 2 Memorials and tributes Edit Main article List of tributes to Marvin Gaye Gaye was placed on the cover of Rolling Stone for the third time in a posthumous cover in its May 10 1984 issue The issue discussed Gaye s personal life his music and his contributions to Motown and popular music In November 1984 Diana Ross released the tribute song Missing You It appeared on Ross album Swept Away and later peaked at No 1 on the Hot Black Singles chart and placed at No 10 on the Billboard Hot 100 Later a video of the song featured classic footage of Gaye including footage of Gaye appearing at Ross 1982 concert in Brussels The following January while hosting the American Music Awards Ross led an In Memoriam tribute to stars who died in 1984 with Gaye leading the tribute Also in November 1984 Teena Marie released the tribute song My Dear Mr Gaye from her hit album Starchild the highest selling album of her career The Commodores issued the song Nightshift which was dedicated to Gaye and fellow musician Jackie Wilson who also died in 1984 The song featured on their album of the same name peaked at No 1 on the rhythm and blues chart reached the top ten on the Hot 100 and became a hit in other countries Todd Rundgren s song Lost Horizon from his A Cappella album is said to be dedicated to Gaye Rundgren later performed a medley of Gaye s hits during concerts and sometimes added Lost Horizon to the medley In 1989 soul band Frankie Beverly amp Maze produced the tribute song Silky Soul taking its melody from What s Going On The song featured Nona Gaye in the video and later peaked at No 5 on the R amp B chart At least two tribute albums of Gaye s have been released 1995 s Inner City Blues The Music of Marvin Gaye and 1999 s Marvin Is 60 A Tribute Album Starting in 1985 there have been annual Marvin Gaye Day celebrations in the city of Washington D C Gaye s hometown The day was officiated by then mayor Marion Barry on the day of Gaye s 46th birthday 53 Since then a non profit organization has helped to organize Marvin Gaye Day celebrations in the city 54 In 1986 Marvin s mother Alberta founded the Marvin P Gaye Jr Memorial Foundation which is dedicated to those suffering from drug abuse and alcoholism It opened a day after she died from complications of bone cancer in May 1987 55 In 1990 after years of petitions and letters Gaye was given a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame with one of its most prominent letters written by longtime fan Eddie Murphy Six years later in 1996 Gaye posthumously received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award In 2006 an old park that Gaye frequented as a teenager the former Watts Branch Park was renamed Marvin Gaye Park in his honor 56 Three years later in 2009 the 5200 block of Foote Street NE in Deanwood Washington D C was renamed Marvin Gaye Way 57 On November 20 2018 the United States Postal Service announced that Marvin Gaye would be featured on a first class postage stamp as part of the Postal Service s Music Icons series past honorees include Elvis Presley and John Lennon 58 1980s portal Los Angeles portalReferences Edit Marvin Gaye House Archived from the original on April 25 2013 Retrieved June 18 2012 a b c Communications Emmis January 1998 Dial Them For Murder Los Angeles Magazine The Fatal Relationship Between Marvin Gaye and his Disturbed Father Smee Taryn The Vintage News 12 October 2018 Retrieved 21 December 2021 Jet Johnson Publishing Company 6 May 1985 a b Marvin Gaye American Way Magazine Retrieved July 8 2009 Ritz 1991 pp 318 320 Ritz 1991 pp 320 325 Ritz 1991 pp 310 315 Ritz 1991 p 325 Ritz 1991 p 321 322 Ritz 1991 p 326 Ritz 1991 pp 322 325 a b Eric Levin April 16 1985 Marvin Gaye Was a Prince of Soul but One Who Knew the Torment of Drugs and Violence People Retrieved March 18 2017 Ebony 1985 p 108 Jet 1985 p 18 The Domestic Dispute that ended the life of Marvin Gaye trutv com Retrieved June 18 2012 a b Ritz 1991 p 332 a b Ritz 1991 pp 331 332 Ritz 1991 pp 329 332 Marvin Gaye Is Shot And Killed Pop Singer s Father Faces Charge The New York Times April 1 1984 Retrieved March 29 2015 a b c d e f g h i Ritz 1991 p 333 a b c d e f g h The Death of Marvin Gaye Archived from the original on October 11 2003 Retrieved June 18 2012 a b c Baltimore Afro American 1984 a b c d Autopsy The Last Hours of Marvin Gaye Autopsy The Last Hours of Nar Eric Meyers Exec Prod Ed Taylor Clare Hollywood and Michael Kelpie Reelz February 25 2018 Television Gaye 2003 p 2 Gaye 2003 p 3 Gaye 2003 p 189 191 a b c d Ritz 1991 p 334 The Life and Death of Marvin Gaye Conclusion TruTv com Retrieved October 2 2012 a b c d e f g h i Ritz 1991 p 337 a b c d Ritz 1991 pp 335 336 Ritz 1991 pp 239 253 Jet 1985 pp 12 16 Ritz 1991 p ix Jet 1984b p 57 a b c d 1634 1699 McCusker J J 1997 How Much Is That in Real Money A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States Addenda et Corrigenda PDF American Antiquarian Society 1700 1799 McCusker J J 1992 How Much Is That in Real Money A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States PDF American Antiquarian Society 1800 present Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis Consumer Price Index estimate 1800 Retrieved April 16 2022 Ritz 1991 p 335 AROUND THE NATION Marvin Gaye s Father Tells of Fatal Shooting The New York Times April 8 1984 The Montreal Gazette 1984 p 60 a b Ritz 1991 p 338 Kentucky New Era 1984 AROUND THE NATION No Contest Plea In Death of Marvin Gaye The New York Times September 21 1984 The Life and Death of Marvin Gaye Retrieved June 18 2012 Glatt 2011 p 239 Bowman Rob April 2006 Marvin Gaye The Real Thing Marvin Gaye The Real Thing in Performance 1964 1981 3 a b Celebrity Crime Stories Marvin Gaye TV One 2012 American Masters What s Going On The Life and Death of Marvin Gaye PBS 2008 Marvin Gaye Last Day PBS YouTube Archived from the original on 2021 12 21 Retrieved July 13 2014 a b Behind the Music VH1 1998 Singleton 1990 p 328 332 sfn error no target CITEREFSingleton1990 help VH1 s Most Shocking Moments in Rock amp Roll VH1 1998 Ritz 1991 pp 336 337 Jet 1985 p 56 Home Page Retrieved December 7 2012 Jet 1987 p 57 Washington Parks and People Marvin Gaye Park Archived from the original on July 17 2012 Retrieved December 7 2012 Marvin Gaye Way Coming to Deanwood Housing Complex April 1 2009 Archived from the original on July 17 2012 Retrieved December 7 2012 Arts Entertainment History and Culture Headline the 2019 Forever Stamp Lineup about usps com Retrieved October 31 2019 Sources Edit Marvin Gaye killing described by mother Baltimore Afro American June 16 1984 Collier Aldore April 16 1984 Marvin Gaye His Tragic Death and Troubled Life Jet Collier Aldore May 21 1984 Gaye s Son Is Named To Oversee His Father s Estate Jet Collier Aldore April 8 1985 A Year Later What Happened to Marvin Gaye s Family Fortune Jet Collier Aldore May 25 1987 Marvin Gaye s Mother Dies On Eve Of Opening Drug Center She Founded As His Memorial Jet Gaye Frankie 2003 Marvin Gaye My Brother Backbeat Books ISBN 0 87930 742 0 Glatt John April 11 2011 For I Have Sinned True Stories of Clergy Who Kill Macmillan ISBN 978 1 42992 442 9 Marvin Gaye Jr Kentucky New Era June 16 1984 Marvin Gay Sr ruled fit for trial in son s death The Montreal Gazette June 13 1984 Ritz David July 1985 The Last Days of Marvin Gaye Ebony Ritz David 1991 Divided Soul The Life of Marvin Gaye Cambridge Massachusetts Da Capo Press ISBN 0 306 81191 X Further reading EditDavis Sharon 1991 Marvin Gaye I Heard It Through the Grapevine Croydon Surrey Bookmarque Ltd ISBN 1 84018 320 9 Dyson Michael Eric 2004 Mercy Mercy Me The Art Loves and Demons of Marvin Gaye New York Philadelphia Basic Civitas ISBN 0 465 01769 X Turner Steve 1998 Trouble Man The Life and Death of Marvin Gaye London Michael Joseph ISBN 0 7181 4112 1 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Killing of Marvin Gaye amp oldid 1143145961, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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