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Keōpūolani

January 01, 2024

Kalanikauikaʻalaneo Kai Keōpūolani-Ahu-i-Kekai-Makuahine-a-Kama-Kalani-Kau-i-Kealaneo (1778–1823) was a queen consort of Hawaiʻi and the highest ranking wife of King Kamehameha I.

Keōpūolani
Queen consort of Hawaii
A later romanticized illustration of the Queen and her retinue in the 1855 publication of The Christian Queen[1]
Bornc. 1778
Wailuku, Maui
DiedSeptember 16, 1823 (aged 45)
Kaluaokiha, Luaʻehu, Lahaina, Maui[2]: 102 
Burial
Halekamani (until c. 1837)
Mokuʻula (until c. 1884)
Waiola Church
SpouseKamehameha I
Ulumāheihei Hoapili
IssueKamehameha II
Kamehameha III
Nāhienaena
eight others[3]
Names
Kalanikauikaʻalaneo Kai Keōpūolani-Ahu-i-Kekai-Makuahine-a-Kama-Kalani-Kau-i-Kealaneo
HouseHouse of Kamehameha
FatherKīwalaʻō
MotherKekuʻiapoiwa Liliha

Early life edit

Keōpuolani was born around 1778 at an area known as Pahoehoe of Pāpōhaku, near present-day Wailuku, on the island of Maui.[4] She was known as Kalanikauikaʻalaneo in her early childhood.[4]: 11  Her name means "Gathering of the Clouds of Heaven".

Her father was Kīwalaʻō, King of Hawaiʻi island. He was the son of King Kalaniʻōpuʻu of Hawaiʻi island who met Captain James Cook at Kealakekua Bay.

Her mother was Queen Kekuʻiapoiwa Liliha, half-sister of Kamehameha I. Their father was Keōuakupuapāikalani.

Kiwalaʻō and Kekuʻiapoiwa Liliha were half-siblings through their shared mother, High Chiefess Kalola-Pupuka-Honokawahilani of Maui.

As a child, Keōpuolani lived for a while in Hāna (the eastern tip of Maui), then moved back to the Wailuku area.[5]

Battle of Kepaniwai edit

In 1790, while Keōpuolani was 11, Kamehameha attacked the island of Maui at the Battle of Kepaniwai while her great-uncle King Kahekili II was away on the island Oʻahu. When Maui forces under Kalanikupule lost to Kamehameha, Kalola along with her two daughters, many Maui chiefesses and Keōpuolani tried to flee to Oʻahu. They stopped in Molokaʻi as sickness overcame the elderly Kalola, and were caught by Kamehameha's forces. Kalola offered her granddaughter as a future bride and the recognition of Kamehameha as the ruler of Maui in exchange for peace. Other Maui chiefesses also joined Kamehameha's court.[6]: 260 

She was given the name Wahinepio (captive women) around this time, but this name is usually associated with another chiefess.[4]: 11  She was commonly known as Keōpuolani.

Ancestry and rank edit

Keōpūolani was among the highest aliʻi of all the islands of Hawaiʻi in her days, a ranking called naha. This meant she was the product of a royal half-sister and brother marriage.

Her extended genealogy displays an extreme case of pedigree collapse; in the five preceding generations, the 64 possible positions for her ancestors are filled by only 30 individuals, largely due to multiple half-sibling marriages (by comparison, Charles II of Spain, an extreme case of European royal pedigree collapse, has 32 individuals in those positions, in his case largely due to multiple uncle-niece marriages).

This lineage gave her unquestionable social and political influence, which made her a coveted marriage partner for a chief to ensure heirs to inherit the combined ranks and birthrights of both parents. She married Kamehameha in 1795 and their marriage linked the House of Kamehameha to the ruling house of Maui and the old ruling house of Hawaii. Although Kamehameha had his own claims to these island, Keōpūolani further cemented his legitimacy over his usurpation of his cousin, Keōpūolani's father.

She possessed the kapu moe (prostrating taboo) which required commoners to fall to their face on the ground at her presence. When chanters mentioned her name, listeners removed their kapa (bark cloth) garments above the waist in deference. Even the touching of her shadow by commoners was punishable by death. She was kindhearted and never enforced those punishments. Even Kamehameha had to remove his malo (loincloth) in her presence. She was amiable and affectionate, while her husband was not. Keōpūolani was strict in the observance of the kapu, but mild in her treatment of those who had broken it, so they often fled to her protection.

Children edit

She mothered at least three of Kamehameha's children: Prince Liholiho in 1797 (later King Kamehameha II), Prince Kauikeaouli in 1814 (later King Kamehameha III), and Princess Nāhienaena in 1815.[7]

Perhaps up to eleven or twelve children were born but all except the three mentioned died young.[7]

Because of the large age difference, Kamehameha called his children born to Keōpūolani his grandchildren. The children of nieces and nephews were collectively grandchildren among the older generations of true grandparents and their siblings. Only his children by Keōpūolani were considered so sacred that the Great Warrior would lie on his back and allow them to sit on his chest as a sign of their superior status. The sons were taken away to be raised by others, but she would break the Hawaiian tradition of hānai and keep her daughter Nāhienaena by her side.[4]

King Kamehameha's death edit

Upon the death of Kamehameha I in 1819, Keōpūolani's eldest son, Liholiho, ascended the throne as Kamehameha II. For the most part, Keōpūolani stayed out of politics, but generally supported Kamehameha I's favorite wife Kaʻahumanu, who served as Kuhina Nui (Regent) during the short reign of Liholiho. After the death of Kamehameha I, Keōpūolani married High Chief Hoapili, a close friend of Kamehameha who was the son of Kameʻeiamoku, one of the royal twins. Hoapili was given the honor of secretly carrying the remains of Kamehameha by canoe to a secret site on the coast of Kona. This burial mystery has inspired the epitaph: "Only the stars of the heavens know the resting place of Kamehameha."

ʻAi Noa and Christianity edit

Keōpūolani played an instrumental role in the ʻAi Noa, the overthrow of the Hawaiian kapu system. She collaborated with Queen Kaʻahumanu and Kahuna-nui Hewahewa, sharing a meal of forbidden foods. At the time, men were forbidden to eat with women according to the kapu. Since they were not punished by the gods, the kapu was broken.[4]

The breaking of the kapu came at an instrumental time for the missionaries who came in 1820. She was among the first of the aliʻi to convert to Christianity. She adopted western clothing and learned to read and write.

In March, 1823, Hoapili, now royal governor of Maui, asked to be supplied with books for Keōpūolani to pursue her studies. For a domestic chaplain they used Pu-aʻa-i-ki, also known as "Blind Bartimeus", who was known as "a spiritual light". At this time, Keōpūolani made the public declaration that the custom of taking multiple spouses by royalty would be ending, to be consistent with Christian practice. Hoapili became her only husband.[8]: 41 : 38 

Illness edit

Keōpūolani became ill, and worsened the last week of August, 1823. Many chiefs began to assemble to pay their respects to the Queen. Vessels were dispatched for them to different parts of the Islands, and one was sent by the king to Honolulu for Dr. Blatchley. In the evening of September 8, sensing that she was dying, a messenger summoned the mission families to her house.

She extended her hand to them with a smile, and said "Maikai! — "Good", — and added, "Great is my love to God". In the morning she was a little better, and conversed with her husband Hoapili.

To the prime minister, Kalanimoku, on his arrival, she is quoted by the missionaries:

Jehovah is a good God. I love him and I love Jesus Christ. I have given myself to him to be his. When I die, let none of the evil customs of this country be practiced. Let not my body be disturbed. Let it be put in a coffin. Let the teachers attend, and speak to the people at my interment. Let me be buried, and let my burial be after the manner of Christ's people. I think very much of my grandfather, Kalaniopuʻu, and my father Kiwalaʻo, and my husband Kamehameha, and all my deceased relatives. They lived not to see these good times, and to hear of Jesus Christ. They died depending on false gods. I exceedingly mourn and lament on account of them, for they saw not these good times."[9]

Baptism and death edit

Keōpūolani wanted to receive Christian baptism. The missionaries in Lahaina, Charles Stewart and William Richards, agreed it would be appropriate. However, they wanted a spokesman fluent in the Hawaiian language so the implications of the public ceremony would be clearly understood.

 
Sketch by Ellis of the funeral

English missionary William Ellis arrived at this time, and the dying woman was acknowledged as a member of the church. The king and all the assembled leaders listened to Ellis's statement of the grounds on which baptism was administered to the queen; and when they saw that water was sprinkled on her in the name of God, they said, "Surely she is no longer ours. She has given herself to Jesus Christ. We believe she is his, and will go to dwell with him." She wanted her daughter Nāhiʻenaʻena to be raised as a Christian. Keōpūolani took her Christian name from Charles Stewart's wife Harriet Stewart, and her daughter would take the same name. An hour afterwards, in the early evening of September 16, 1823, she died.

The next day, the ships in port fired their guns in salute, and a large public funeral was held on September 18, 1823. She was buried at a new tomb at Hale Kamani in Lahaina. In 1837, King Kamehameha III transferred her body to the sacred island of Mokuʻula in Lahaina, Maui. Later her remains were perhaps reburied at the Christian cemetery at Waiola Church, along with her daughter and many others in the royal family. Keōpūolani Park at 700 Halia Nakoa Street in Wailuku 20°53′37″N 156°29′4″W / 20.89361°N 156.48444°W / 20.89361; -156.48444 ("Keōpūolani Park")[10] and Keōpūolani Dormitory on the Kapalama Campus of Kamehameha Schools were named after her.

Family edit

Family tree edit

Ancestry edit

References edit

  1. ^ There is no authentic contemporary image of Keōpūolani. William Ellis made an original sketch of her which is now lost.
  2. ^ Lilikalā Kameʻeleihiwa (1992). Native Land and Foreign Desires. Bishop Museum Press. ISBN 0-930897-59-5.
  3. ^ Henry Soszynski. "Ali'i nui Keopuolani Page". web page on "Rootsweb". Retrieved 2010-05-09.
  4. ^ a b c d e Esther T. Mookini (1998). "Keopuolani: Sacred Wife, Queen Mother, 1778–1823". Hawaiian Journal of History. Hawaiian Historical Society. 32: 1–24. hdl:10524/569.
  5. ^ Charles Langlas and Jeffrey Lyon (2008). "Davida Malo's Unpublished Account of Keōpūolani". Hawaiian Journal of History. Hawaii Historical Society. 42: 27–48. hdl:10524/588.
  6. ^ Kamakau, Samuel (1992) [1961]. Ruling Chiefs of Hawaii (Revised ed.). Honolulu: Kamehameha Schools Press. ISBN 0-87336-014-1.
  7. ^ a b Marjorie Sinclair (1971). "Sacred Wife of Kamehameha I". Hawaiian Journal of History. Hawaiian Historical Society. 5: 3–23. hdl:10524/371.
  8. ^ Rufus Anderson (1872). History of the mission of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions to the Sandwich Islands (third ed.). Congregational Publishing Society.
  9. ^ William Richards (1825). Memoir of Keopuolani, late queen of the Sandwich Islands. Crocker & Brewster, Boston.
  10. ^ "Keopuolani Regional Park". official web site. Maui County. Retrieved 2009-12-04.

Bibliography edit

  • Langlas, Charles; Lyon, Jeffrey (2008). Davida Malo's Unpublished Account of Keopuolani. Vol. 42. Honolulu: Hawaiian Historical Society. pp. 27–48. hdl:10524/588. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  • The Christian Queen. New York: The American Tract Society. 1855. OCLC 21921666.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Keōpūolani.
  • Painting of Keōpūolani at Kamehameha Schools
Royal titles
Preceded by
none
 Queen consort of Hawaiʻi
1795–1819 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
none
 Queen mother of Hawaiʻi
1819–1823 		Succeeded by
none

January 01, 2024
keōpūolani, kalanikauikaʻalaneo, kekai, makuahine, kama, kalani, kealaneo, 1778, 1823, queen, consort, hawaiʻi, highest, ranking, wife, king, kamehameha, queen, consort, hawaiia, later, romanticized, illustration, queen, retinue, 1855, publication, christian, . Kalanikauikaʻalaneo Kai Keōpuolani Ahu i Kekai Makuahine a Kama Kalani Kau i Kealaneo 1778 1823 was a queen consort of Hawaiʻi and the highest ranking wife of King Kamehameha I KeōpuolaniQueen consort of HawaiiA later romanticized illustration of the Queen and her retinue in the 1855 publication of The Christian Queen 1 Bornc 1778Wailuku MauiDiedSeptember 16 1823 aged 45 Kaluaokiha Luaʻehu Lahaina Maui 2 102 BurialHalekamani until c 1837 Mokuʻula until c 1884 Waiola ChurchSpouseKamehameha IUlumaheihei HoapiliIssueKamehameha IIKamehameha IIINahienaenaeight others 3 NamesKalanikauikaʻalaneo Kai Keōpuolani Ahu i Kekai Makuahine a Kama Kalani Kau i KealaneoHouseHouse of KamehamehaFatherKiwalaʻōMotherKekuʻiapoiwa Liliha Contents 1 Early life 2 Battle of Kepaniwai 3 Ancestry and rank 4 Children 5 King Kamehameha s death 6 ʻAi Noa and Christianity 7 Illness 8 Baptism and death 9 Family 9 1 Family tree 9 2 Ancestry 10 References 11 Bibliography 12 External linksEarly life editKeōpuolani was born around 1778 at an area known as Pahoehoe of Papōhaku near present day Wailuku on the island of Maui 4 She was known as Kalanikauikaʻalaneo in her early childhood 4 11 Her name means Gathering of the Clouds of Heaven Her father was Kiwalaʻō King of Hawaiʻi island He was the son of King Kalaniʻōpuʻu of Hawaiʻi island who met Captain James Cook at Kealakekua Bay Her mother was Queen Kekuʻiapoiwa Liliha half sister of Kamehameha I Their father was Keōuakupuapaikalani Kiwalaʻō and Kekuʻiapoiwa Liliha were half siblings through their shared mother High Chiefess Kalola Pupuka Honokawahilani of Maui As a child Keōpuolani lived for a while in Hana the eastern tip of Maui then moved back to the Wailuku area 5 Battle of Kepaniwai editIn 1790 while Keōpuolani was 11 Kamehameha attacked the island of Maui at the Battle of Kepaniwai while her great uncle King Kahekili II was away on the island Oʻahu When Maui forces under Kalanikupule lost to Kamehameha Kalola along with her two daughters many Maui chiefesses and Keōpuolani tried to flee to Oʻahu They stopped in Molokaʻi as sickness overcame the elderly Kalola and were caught by Kamehameha s forces Kalola offered her granddaughter as a future bride and the recognition of Kamehameha as the ruler of Maui in exchange for peace Other Maui chiefesses also joined Kamehameha s court 6 260 She was given the name Wahinepio captive women around this time but this name is usually associated with another chiefess 4 11 She was commonly known as Keōpuolani Ancestry and rank editKeōpuolani was among the highest aliʻi of all the islands of Hawaiʻi in her days a ranking called naha This meant she was the product of a royal half sister and brother marriage Her extended genealogy displays an extreme case of pedigree collapse in the five preceding generations the 64 possible positions for her ancestors are filled by only 30 individuals largely due to multiple half sibling marriages by comparison Charles II of Spain an extreme case of European royal pedigree collapse has 32 individuals in those positions in his case largely due to multiple uncle niece marriages This lineage gave her unquestionable social and political influence which made her a coveted marriage partner for a chief to ensure heirs to inherit the combined ranks and birthrights of both parents She married Kamehameha in 1795 and their marriage linked the House of Kamehameha to the ruling house of Maui and the old ruling house of Hawaii Although Kamehameha had his own claims to these island Keōpuolani further cemented his legitimacy over his usurpation of his cousin Keōpuolani s father She possessed the kapu moe prostrating taboo which required commoners to fall to their face on the ground at her presence When chanters mentioned her name listeners removed their kapa bark cloth garments above the waist in deference Even the touching of her shadow by commoners was punishable by death She was kindhearted and never enforced those punishments Even Kamehameha had to remove his malo loincloth in her presence She was amiable and affectionate while her husband was not Keōpuolani was strict in the observance of the kapu but mild in her treatment of those who had broken it so they often fled to her protection Children editShe mothered at least three of Kamehameha s children Prince Liholiho in 1797 later King Kamehameha II Prince Kauikeaouli in 1814 later King Kamehameha III and Princess Nahienaena in 1815 7 Perhaps up to eleven or twelve children were born but all except the three mentioned died young 7 Because of the large age difference Kamehameha called his children born to Keōpuolani his grandchildren The children of nieces and nephews were collectively grandchildren among the older generations of true grandparents and their siblings Only his children by Keōpuolani were considered so sacred that the Great Warrior would lie on his back and allow them to sit on his chest as a sign of their superior status The sons were taken away to be raised by others but she would break the Hawaiian tradition of hanai and keep her daughter Nahienaena by her side 4 King Kamehameha s death editUpon the death of Kamehameha I in 1819 Keōpuolani s eldest son Liholiho ascended the throne as Kamehameha II For the most part Keōpuolani stayed out of politics but generally supported Kamehameha I s favorite wife Kaʻahumanu who served as Kuhina Nui Regent during the short reign of Liholiho After the death of Kamehameha I Keōpuolani married High Chief Hoapili a close friend of Kamehameha who was the son of Kameʻeiamoku one of the royal twins Hoapili was given the honor of secretly carrying the remains of Kamehameha by canoe to a secret site on the coast of Kona This burial mystery has inspired the epitaph Only the stars of the heavens know the resting place of Kamehameha ʻAi Noa and Christianity editKeōpuolani played an instrumental role in the ʻAi Noa the overthrow of the Hawaiian kapu system She collaborated with Queen Kaʻahumanu and Kahuna nui Hewahewa sharing a meal of forbidden foods At the time men were forbidden to eat with women according to the kapu Since they were not punished by the gods the kapu was broken 4 The breaking of the kapu came at an instrumental time for the missionaries who came in 1820 She was among the first of the aliʻi to convert to Christianity She adopted western clothing and learned to read and write In March 1823 Hoapili now royal governor of Maui asked to be supplied with books for Keōpuolani to pursue her studies For a domestic chaplain they used Pu aʻa i ki also known as Blind Bartimeus who was known as a spiritual light At this time Keōpuolani made the public declaration that the custom of taking multiple spouses by royalty would be ending to be consistent with Christian practice Hoapili became her only husband 8 41 38 Illness editKeōpuolani became ill and worsened the last week of August 1823 Many chiefs began to assemble to pay their respects to the Queen Vessels were dispatched for them to different parts of the Islands and one was sent by the king to Honolulu for Dr Blatchley In the evening of September 8 sensing that she was dying a messenger summoned the mission families to her house She extended her hand to them with a smile and said Maikai Good and added Great is my love to God In the morning she was a little better and conversed with her husband Hoapili To the prime minister Kalanimoku on his arrival she is quoted by the missionaries Jehovah is a good God I love him and I love Jesus Christ I have given myself to him to be his When I die let none of the evil customs of this country be practiced Let not my body be disturbed Let it be put in a coffin Let the teachers attend and speak to the people at my interment Let me be buried and let my burial be after the manner of Christ s people I think very much of my grandfather Kalaniopuʻu and my father Kiwalaʻo and my husband Kamehameha and all my deceased relatives They lived not to see these good times and to hear of Jesus Christ They died depending on false gods I exceedingly mourn and lament on account of them for they saw not these good times 9 Baptism and death editKeōpuolani wanted to receive Christian baptism The missionaries in Lahaina Charles Stewart and William Richards agreed it would be appropriate However they wanted a spokesman fluent in the Hawaiian language so the implications of the public ceremony would be clearly understood nbsp Sketch by Ellis of the funeralEnglish missionary William Ellis arrived at this time and the dying woman was acknowledged as a member of the church The king and all the assembled leaders listened to Ellis s statement of the grounds on which baptism was administered to the queen and when they saw that water was sprinkled on her in the name of God they said Surely she is no longer ours She has given herself to Jesus Christ We believe she is his and will go to dwell with him She wanted her daughter Nahiʻenaʻena to be raised as a Christian Keōpuolani took her Christian name from Charles Stewart s wife Harriet Stewart and her daughter would take the same name An hour afterwards in the early evening of September 16 1823 she died The next day the ships in port fired their guns in salute and a large public funeral was held on September 18 1823 She was buried at a new tomb at Hale Kamani in Lahaina In 1837 King Kamehameha III transferred her body to the sacred island of Mokuʻula in Lahaina Maui Later her remains were perhaps reburied at the Christian cemetery at Waiola Church along with her daughter and many others in the royal family Keōpuolani Park at 700 Halia Nakoa Street in Wailuku 20 53 37 N 156 29 4 W 20 89361 N 156 48444 W 20 89361 156 48444 Keōpuolani Park 10 and Keōpuolani Dormitory on the Kapalama Campus of Kamehameha Schools were named after her Family editFamily tree edit vteKamehameha family treeKalaniʻōpuʻu k Kalola w Keōua k Kekuʻiapoiwa II w Kanekapōlei w KiwalaʻōKekuiapoiwa LilihaKeōpuolaniKamehameha I i The Great died 1819 Kalakua KaheiheimalieKaʻahumanu 1819 1832 Liholiho Kamehameha II 1819 1824 KamamaluKeouawahinePauli Kaʻōleioku Paternity is in question as daughter and mother both claim Kalaniopuu as the father KahailiopuaLuahineKauikeaouli Kamehameha III 1825 1854 KalamaElizabeth Kinaʻu Kaʻahumanu IIMataioKekuanaōʻaPauahiLaura KōniaAbner PakiKeaweaweʻulaokalani IKeaweaweʻulaokalani IIQueen Emma ii Alexander Liholiho Kamehameha IV 1854 1863 Lot Kapuaiwa Kamehameha V 1863 1872 Victoria Kamamalu Kaʻahumanu IV 1855 1863 Ruth KeʻelikōlaniCharles ReedBishopBernice PauahiBishopAlbert KamehamehaJohn William Pitt KinaʻuKeolaokalani DavisNotes Liliuokalani Queen of Hawaii 2013 Hawaii s story David W Forbes Honolulu Hawaii Hui Hanai ISBN 978 0 9887278 2 3 OCLC 869268731 Kanahele George S 1999 Emma Hawaiʻiʼs remarkable queen a biography Honolulu Hawaii Queen Emma Foundation ISBN 0 8248 2234 X OCLC 40890919 Ancestry edit Ancestors of Keōpuolani8 Kalaninuiamamao High Chief of Kaʻu4 Kalaniʻōpuʻu of Hawaiʻi9 Kamakaʻimoku 13 2 Kiwalaʻo of Hawaiʻi10 King Kekaulike of Maui 14 5 Kalola Pupuka o Honokawailani of Maui 7 11 Princess Kekuʻiapoiwa of Maui 15 1 Keōpuolani12 Prince Keʻeaumoku High Chief of Kona and Kohala6 High Chief Keōua Kalanikupuapaikalaninui13 Kamakaʻimoku 9 3 Kekuʻiapoiwa Liliha14 Kekaulike 10 7 Kalola Pupuka o Honokawailani 5 15 Kekuʻiapoiwa of Maui 11 References edit There is no authentic contemporary image of Keōpuolani William Ellis made an original sketch of her which is now lost Lilikala Kameʻeleihiwa 1992 Native Land and Foreign Desires Bishop Museum Press ISBN 0 930897 59 5 Henry Soszynski Ali i nui Keopuolani Page web page on Rootsweb Retrieved 2010 05 09 a b c d e Esther T Mookini 1998 Keopuolani Sacred Wife Queen Mother 1778 1823 Hawaiian Journal of History Hawaiian Historical Society 32 1 24 hdl 10524 569 Charles Langlas and Jeffrey Lyon 2008 Davida Malo s Unpublished Account of Keōpuolani Hawaiian Journal of History Hawaii Historical Society 42 27 48 hdl 10524 588 Kamakau Samuel 1992 1961 Ruling Chiefs of Hawaii Revised ed Honolulu Kamehameha Schools Press ISBN 0 87336 014 1 a b Marjorie Sinclair 1971 Sacred Wife of Kamehameha I Hawaiian Journal of History Hawaiian Historical Society 5 3 23 hdl 10524 371 Rufus Anderson 1872 History of the mission of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions to the Sandwich Islands third ed Congregational Publishing Society William Richards 1825 Memoir of Keopuolani late queen of the Sandwich Islands Crocker amp Brewster Boston Keopuolani Regional Park official web site Maui County Retrieved 2009 12 04 Bibliography editLanglas Charles Lyon Jeffrey 2008 Davida Malo s Unpublished Account of Keopuolani Vol 42 Honolulu Hawaiian Historical Society pp 27 48 hdl 10524 588 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a work ignored help The Christian Queen New York The American Tract Society 1855 OCLC 21921666 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Keōpuolani Painting of Keōpuolani at Kamehameha SchoolsRoyal titlesPreceded bynone Queen consort of Hawaiʻi1795 1819 Succeeded byKamamaluPreceded bynone Queen mother of Hawaiʻi1819 1823 Succeeded bynone Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Keōpuolani amp oldid 1170721555, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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