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Kenneth N. MacKenzie

January 01, 1970

Kenneth Norman MacKenzie (26 November 1897 – 29 September 1951) was an officer in the merchant fleet known for his role in the British Australian and New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition, for which he was awarded a Polar Medal.

Kenneth N. MacKenzie
Born(1897-11-26)26 November 1897
Oban, Scotland
Died29 September 1951(1951-09-29) (aged 53)
Known forRole during exploration of Antarctica
AwardsPolar Medal
Return of the Discovery in 1931 – MacKenzie (black jacket) standing next to Mawson in balaclava in middle row.
The officers of Discovery – W.G. Griggs, Chief Engineer; Mr. Child, 3rd Officer; J.K. Davis, Master; W.R. Colbeck, 2nd Officer; B.F. Welsh, 2nd Engineer; K.N. MacKenzie, 1st Officer; Wireless Petty-Officer William
A black and white photograph of RRS Discovery signed by then Captain MacKenzie – inscribed "On we go, sincerely yours". The leader of the BANZARE expedition was Sir Douglas Mawson.

Early life edit

MacKenzie was born in Oban, Argyllshire on the west coast of Scotland in 1897. His father, Duncan, worked in the town's legal administration. Kenneth was the third of four sons – eldest was William (born 1893) who emigrated to be with his mother's family in New Zealand. He was killed at the age of 22 in 1915 whilst fighting with the ANZACS at Gallipoli. Second was Hamish (born 1895) who emigrated to Canada. He served the Canadian Bank of Commerce and was the bank's Chief Inspector at the Toronto head office until he died of a heart attack in 1949, aged 54. Kenneth was third and Douglas (born 1903); the youngest; was fourth. Douglas spent almost his entire career with the Union-Castle Mail Steamship Company and spent his last eight years out of Southampton as Master of the express mail liner Arundel Castle – a famous ship built with four funnels. He died of a heart attack in 1969.

MacKenzie's parents divorced in 1904 when his mother, Catherine MacKenzie, took her four sons to her father's home in Baugh on the Inner Hebrides island of Tiree. Her father, Duncan MacFarlane, served as the minister in the Baugh Church. Duncan was one of a family of four brothers, all of whom became parish ministers in Scotland (in Tiree, Elgin, Greenock and then in Glenorchy and Tobermory) and all of whom were born on Tiree. Their schooling in Tiree was considered unsatisfactory, being only a small island, so the four MacKenzie sons were sent to stay for their school days with their maternal uncle, Dugald MacFarlane, parish minister for 51 years of St Columba's Church in Kingussie, in Inverness-shire in the heart of the Scottish Highlands. From 1938 to 1939 Dugald was the Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland. The Kingussie Public School would seem to have served the boys well and Kenneth MacKenzie learnt to play the bag pipes. In his subsequent life, he was often in demand to write and to give lectures on his experiences.

First World War edit

Following the outbreak of the First World War, MacKenzie was the first recruit from Tiree. He joined the army by falsifying his age with his mother's connivance. The army quickly identified his correct age and engaged him as an underage soldier, keeping him under training for two years, until he was 18. He was then dispatched to the Western Front to help fill the gaps in the front line of the 2/8th Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders before the Battle of the Somme. He was posted for promotion in-the-field as an officer but, immediately before, he was captured, gassed and buried. Soon, he was rescued and repatriated in a broken condition. He spent over a year in a recuperation hospital in Ripon, emerging grey haired and gaunt.

Shipping career edit

Having been honourably discharged from the army, he joined the merchant fleet for a year long training as a radio officer. With the war by now drawing to a close, he went to sea in a variety of ships. Shortly after, with his first class Marconi certificate, he was sailing to the far east as Chief Radio Officer in the Blue Funnel liner Titan. However, without any prospect for further promotion, his career was stalled when he resigned to take up employment in the Union Castle Line as an ordinary seaman sailing aboard their cargo liner Dromore Castle, mostly between the USA and South Africa till he was promoted Bosun. Subsequently he sat his certificates as a Watch Officer and then as Master whilst sailing with Glasgow tramp ships and then with liners of the Ellerman City Line.

Whilst berthing in London's West India Docks, MacKenzie, as 2nd Officer of the City of Valencia on an inward voyage from South Africa, saw the wooden sailing ship Discovery. Inquiring of the docking pilot, his enthusiasm was fired; immediately he went aboard, seeking employment for her forthcoming voyage of scientific research and exploration in Antarctica. Shortly after, he was appointed as the ship's Chief Officer when the City Line granted him 'leave of absence with full promotion'.

Expeditions, marriage and children edit

Kenneth MacKenzie sailed as first officer on the Discovery's first voyage of Antarctic research and exploration.[1][2][3] She sailed from London on August 1, 1929 under the command of Captain John Davis, a well-known Antarctic explorer and shipmaster. He had to train his crew, as they were unfamiliar with the ways of a sailing ship. He did this well, and the first voyage of exploration was a success. The ship sailed on and off the Antarctic coastline between 80 and 45 degrees east with the sighting of Kemp and Enderby Lands and the discovery and naming of Mac. Robertson Land. The ship returned to Melbourne from the Antarctic where MacKenzie took command[4] during November 1930 whilst Captain Davis returned to the service of the commonwealth government as Director of Navigation.

On the Discovery's second Antarctic voyage (from 1930 – 1931), she navigated along the Antarctic Coast from 178 to 62 degrees east with sightings and landings on King George V land and the discovery and naming of Princess Elizabeth Land and Banzare Land. The name "Princess Elizabeth Land" was selected on MacKenzie’s suggestion.[5] And the newly discovered 'MacKenzie Sea' in 72 degrees east was named after him.[6] Again the voyage went well; she returned to Hobart and then Melbourne in March 1931. With her scientific and exploration work completed, MacKenzie sailed the ship back to London by way of Wellington and the Cape Horn arriving back in London’s East India Dock in August 1931. She was found to be in an excellent condition and undamaged. Subsequently MacKenzie was awarded the Polar Medal[7][8] inscribed "Antarctica 1929–1931", by King George V at Buckingham Palace, London.

The MacKenzie Bay, located on the edge of the Amery Ice Shelf, Antarctica, is named after him.[9]

MacKenzie returned to the service of the City Line who appointed him as Chief Officer of their steamer City of Dieppe.[10] On one of her voyages to Australia, MacKenzie met Lillian Green, an Australian farmer's daughter whom he subsequently married.

Then, in 1933, MacKenzie was invited by the committee of the John Murray Expedition to take command[11] of the new research ship Mabahiss, an Egyptian naval vessel. She was to conduct voyages of oceanographic research of the north western Indian Ocean with scientific staff from Cambridge and Cairo Universities. Again MacKenzie was granted "leave of absence with full promotion" by the Ellerman City Line, whilst he was gazetted into the Egyptian Navy with the rank of "Bimbashi" (commander). He then sailed in command from Alexandria in September 1933 making continuous voyages of research in the Indian Ocean until the ship's safe return to Alexandria in May 1934.[12]

On his return to London, MacKenzie was appointed as Assistant Marine Superintendent of the Ellerman Lines based in the firm's London head office. Shortly after, he resigned to join the London, Midland and Scottish Railways, subsequently British Railways, as Assistant Marine Superintendent in their London Euston head office in the administration of the railway's fleet of cross channel steamers and mail ports. In 1935, he was promoted to Harbour Master and Marine Superintendent at Holyhead in Anglesey serving the express London to Dublin mail route.

MacKenzie and his wife had two daughters, born in 1934 and 1943 and a son, born in 1938. His later life was troubled by ill health but he greatly enjoyed his family life and his work managing the port of Holyhead, its fleet of express mail and cargo steamers, its dry docks and shipyard and its major port of refuge.

His health, never really good after his experiences in the First World War, had a sharp setback when he suffered a heart attack in 1938. He never recovered but worked on under increasing debility and strain till he died in 1951, still only 53 years of age.

References edit

  1. ^ Savours, Ann (2013). The voyages of the Discovery : the illustrated history of Scott's ship. Seaforth. ISBN 978-1848327023.
  2. ^ "Staff and crew of BANZARE". www.antarctica.gov.au. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
  3. ^ "Photograph of BANZARE officers in BANZARE 1929-1931 (Discovery, Mawson) at Dundee Heritage Trust". www.dhtcollections.com. Retrieved 15 January 2017.
  4. ^ Benson, ed. by Keith R.; Rehbock, Philip F. (2002). Oceanographic history : the Pacific and beyond ; [proceedings of the Fifth International Congress on the History of Oceanography, Scripes Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California, July 1993]. Seattle [u.a.]: Univ. of Washington Press. ISBN 029598239X. {{cite book}}: |first1= has generic name (help)
  5. ^ Riffenburgh, Beau (2009). Racing with death : Douglas Mawson, Antarctic explorer (Paperback ed.). London: Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-0747596714.
  6. ^ "Antarctica Detail". geonames.usgs.gov. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
  7. ^ "POLAR MEDALS - Awarded by King Mawson Expeditions Honoured - The Argus (Melbourne, Vic. : 1848 - 1957) - 1 May 1934". Argus. May 1934. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
  8. ^ "Polar Medals". The Argus Newspaper. 1 May 1934.
  9. ^ "Gazetteer - AADC". data.aad.gov.au. Retrieved 15 January 2017.
  10. ^ "CITY OF DIEPPE - ShipSpotting.com - Ship Photos and Ship Tracker". www.shipspotting.com. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
  11. ^ . www.hydro-international.com. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
  12. ^ . www.hydro-international.com. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 15 January 2017.

External links edit

  • Staff and crew of BANZARE 14 July 2014 at the Wayback Machine
  • Australian Antarctic Data Centre – MacKenzie Bay Details
  • Dundee Heritage Trust
  • Australian Government, Dept of the Environment, Australian Antarctic Division 14 July 2014 at the Wayback Machine
  • National Library of Australia, B.A.N.Z.A.R.E Expedition Photographs
  • The John Murray – Mabahiss Expedition to the Indian Ocean, 1933–34 15 July 2014 at the Wayback Machine

Further reading edit

  • Savours, Ann (2013), THE VOYAGES OF THE DISCOVERY: An Illustrated History of Scott's Ship. Seaforth Publishing; Reprint edition. ISBN 1848327021
  • Rice, A. L., ed. (1986). Deep-sea Challenge: The John Murray/Mabahiss Expedition to the Indian Ocean, 1933-34. Unesco. ISBN 9231024000.

January 01, 1970
kenneth, mackenzie, kenneth, norman, mackenzie, november, 1897, september, 1951, officer, merchant, fleet, known, role, british, australian, zealand, antarctic, research, expedition, which, awarded, polar, medal, born, 1897, november, 1897oban, scotlanddied29,. Kenneth Norman MacKenzie 26 November 1897 29 September 1951 was an officer in the merchant fleet known for his role in the British Australian and New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition for which he was awarded a Polar Medal Kenneth N MacKenzieBorn 1897 11 26 26 November 1897Oban ScotlandDied29 September 1951 1951 09 29 aged 53 Known forRole during exploration of AntarcticaAwardsPolar Medal Return of the Discovery in 1931 MacKenzie black jacket standing next to Mawson in balaclava in middle row The officers of Discovery W G Griggs Chief Engineer Mr Child 3rd Officer J K Davis Master W R Colbeck 2nd Officer B F Welsh 2nd Engineer K N MacKenzie 1st Officer Wireless Petty Officer William A black and white photograph of RRS Discovery signed by then Captain MacKenzie inscribed On we go sincerely yours The leader of the BANZARE expedition was Sir Douglas Mawson Contents 1 Early life 2 First World War 3 Shipping career 4 Expeditions marriage and children 5 References 6 External links 7 Further readingEarly life editThis section possibly contains original research Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations Statements consisting only of original research should be removed January 2017 Learn how and when to remove this message MacKenzie was born in Oban Argyllshire on the west coast of Scotland in 1897 His father Duncan worked in the town s legal administration Kenneth was the third of four sons eldest was William born 1893 who emigrated to be with his mother s family in New Zealand He was killed at the age of 22 in 1915 whilst fighting with the ANZACS at Gallipoli Second was Hamish born 1895 who emigrated to Canada He served the Canadian Bank of Commerce and was the bank s Chief Inspector at the Toronto head office until he died of a heart attack in 1949 aged 54 Kenneth was third and Douglas born 1903 the youngest was fourth Douglas spent almost his entire career with the Union Castle Mail Steamship Company and spent his last eight years out of Southampton as Master of the express mail liner Arundel Castle a famous ship built with four funnels He died of a heart attack in 1969 MacKenzie s parents divorced in 1904 when his mother Catherine MacKenzie took her four sons to her father s home in Baugh on the Inner Hebrides island of Tiree Her father Duncan MacFarlane served as the minister in the Baugh Church Duncan was one of a family of four brothers all of whom became parish ministers in Scotland in Tiree Elgin Greenock and then in Glenorchy and Tobermory and all of whom were born on Tiree Their schooling in Tiree was considered unsatisfactory being only a small island so the four MacKenzie sons were sent to stay for their school days with their maternal uncle Dugald MacFarlane parish minister for 51 years of St Columba s Church in Kingussie in Inverness shire in the heart of the Scottish Highlands From 1938 to 1939 Dugald was the Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland The Kingussie Public School would seem to have served the boys well and Kenneth MacKenzie learnt to play the bag pipes In his subsequent life he was often in demand to write and to give lectures on his experiences First World War editFollowing the outbreak of the First World War MacKenzie was the first recruit from Tiree He joined the army by falsifying his age with his mother s connivance The army quickly identified his correct age and engaged him as an underage soldier keeping him under training for two years until he was 18 He was then dispatched to the Western Front to help fill the gaps in the front line of the 2 8th Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders before the Battle of the Somme He was posted for promotion in the field as an officer but immediately before he was captured gassed and buried Soon he was rescued and repatriated in a broken condition He spent over a year in a recuperation hospital in Ripon emerging grey haired and gaunt Shipping career editThis section possibly contains original research Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations Statements consisting only of original research should be removed January 2017 Learn how and when to remove this message Having been honourably discharged from the army he joined the merchant fleet for a year long training as a radio officer With the war by now drawing to a close he went to sea in a variety of ships Shortly after with his first class Marconi certificate he was sailing to the far east as Chief Radio Officer in the Blue Funnel liner Titan However without any prospect for further promotion his career was stalled when he resigned to take up employment in the Union Castle Line as an ordinary seaman sailing aboard their cargo liner Dromore Castle mostly between the USA and South Africa till he was promoted Bosun Subsequently he sat his certificates as a Watch Officer and then as Master whilst sailing with Glasgow tramp ships and then with liners of the Ellerman City Line Whilst berthing in London s West India Docks MacKenzie as 2nd Officer of the City of Valencia on an inward voyage from South Africa saw the wooden sailing ship Discovery Inquiring of the docking pilot his enthusiasm was fired immediately he went aboard seeking employment for her forthcoming voyage of scientific research and exploration in Antarctica Shortly after he was appointed as the ship s Chief Officer when the City Line granted him leave of absence with full promotion Expeditions marriage and children editKenneth MacKenzie sailed as first officer on the Discovery s first voyage of Antarctic research and exploration 1 2 3 She sailed from London on August 1 1929 under the command of Captain John Davis a well known Antarctic explorer and shipmaster He had to train his crew as they were unfamiliar with the ways of a sailing ship He did this well and the first voyage of exploration was a success The ship sailed on and off the Antarctic coastline between 80 and 45 degrees east with the sighting of Kemp and Enderby Lands and the discovery and naming of Mac Robertson Land The ship returned to Melbourne from the Antarctic where MacKenzie took command 4 during November 1930 whilst Captain Davis returned to the service of the commonwealth government as Director of Navigation On the Discovery s second Antarctic voyage from 1930 1931 she navigated along the Antarctic Coast from 178 to 62 degrees east with sightings and landings on King George V land and the discovery and naming of Princess Elizabeth Land and Banzare Land The name Princess Elizabeth Land was selected on MacKenzie s suggestion 5 And the newly discovered MacKenzie Sea in 72 degrees east was named after him 6 Again the voyage went well she returned to Hobart and then Melbourne in March 1931 With her scientific and exploration work completed MacKenzie sailed the ship back to London by way of Wellington and the Cape Horn arriving back in London s East India Dock in August 1931 She was found to be in an excellent condition and undamaged Subsequently MacKenzie was awarded the Polar Medal 7 8 inscribed Antarctica 1929 1931 by King George V at Buckingham Palace London The MacKenzie Bay located on the edge of the Amery Ice Shelf Antarctica is named after him 9 MacKenzie returned to the service of the City Line who appointed him as Chief Officer of their steamer City of Dieppe 10 On one of her voyages to Australia MacKenzie met Lillian Green an Australian farmer s daughter whom he subsequently married Then in 1933 MacKenzie was invited by the committee of the John Murray Expedition to take command 11 of the new research ship Mabahiss an Egyptian naval vessel She was to conduct voyages of oceanographic research of the north western Indian Ocean with scientific staff from Cambridge and Cairo Universities Again MacKenzie was granted leave of absence with full promotion by the Ellerman City Line whilst he was gazetted into the Egyptian Navy with the rank of Bimbashi commander He then sailed in command from Alexandria in September 1933 making continuous voyages of research in the Indian Ocean until the ship s safe return to Alexandria in May 1934 12 On his return to London MacKenzie was appointed as Assistant Marine Superintendent of the Ellerman Lines based in the firm s London head office Shortly after he resigned to join the London Midland and Scottish Railways subsequently British Railways as Assistant Marine Superintendent in their London Euston head office in the administration of the railway s fleet of cross channel steamers and mail ports In 1935 he was promoted to Harbour Master and Marine Superintendent at Holyhead in Anglesey serving the express London to Dublin mail route MacKenzie and his wife had two daughters born in 1934 and 1943 and a son born in 1938 His later life was troubled by ill health but he greatly enjoyed his family life and his work managing the port of Holyhead its fleet of express mail and cargo steamers its dry docks and shipyard and its major port of refuge His health never really good after his experiences in the First World War had a sharp setback when he suffered a heart attack in 1938 He never recovered but worked on under increasing debility and strain till he died in 1951 still only 53 years of age References edit Savours Ann 2013 The voyages of the Discovery the illustrated history of Scott s ship Seaforth ISBN 978 1848327023 Staff and crew of BANZARE www antarctica gov au Retrieved 14 January 2017 Photograph of BANZARE officers in BANZARE 1929 1931 Discovery Mawson at Dundee Heritage Trust www dhtcollections com Retrieved 15 January 2017 Benson ed by Keith R Rehbock Philip F 2002 Oceanographic history the Pacific and beyond proceedings of the Fifth International Congress on the History of Oceanography Scripes Institution of Oceanography La Jolla California July 1993 Seattle u a Univ of Washington Press ISBN 029598239X a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a first1 has generic name help Riffenburgh Beau 2009 Racing with death Douglas Mawson Antarctic explorer Paperback ed London Bloomsbury ISBN 978 0747596714 Antarctica Detail geonames usgs gov Retrieved 14 January 2017 POLAR MEDALS Awarded by King Mawson Expeditions Honoured The Argus Melbourne Vic 1848 1957 1 May 1934 Argus May 1934 Retrieved 14 January 2017 Polar Medals The Argus Newspaper 1 May 1934 Gazetteer AADC data aad gov au Retrieved 15 January 2017 CITY OF DIEPPE ShipSpotting com Ship Photos and Ship Tracker www shipspotting com Retrieved 14 January 2017 As it Was www hydro international com Archived from the original on 24 September 2015 Retrieved 14 January 2017 As it Was www hydro international com Archived from the original on 24 September 2015 Retrieved 15 January 2017 External links editStaff and crew of BANZARE Archived 14 July 2014 at the Wayback Machine Australian Antarctic Data Centre MacKenzie Bay Details Dundee Heritage Trust Australian Government Dept of the Environment Australian Antarctic Division Archived 14 July 2014 at the Wayback Machine National Library of Australia B A N Z A R E Expedition Photographs The John Murray Mabahiss Expedition to the Indian Ocean 1933 34 Archived 15 July 2014 at the Wayback MachineFurther reading editSavours Ann 2013 THE VOYAGES OF THE DISCOVERY An Illustrated History of Scott s Ship Seaforth Publishing Reprint edition ISBN 1848327021 Rice A L ed 1986 Deep sea Challenge The John Murray Mabahiss Expedition to the Indian Ocean 1933 34 Unesco ISBN 9231024000 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Kenneth N MacKenzie amp oldid 1187575930, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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