Kendall A. Smith is an American scientist most well-known for his work on interleukins, the regulatory molecules of the immune system, which has led to many of the new present-day therapies for immunological disorders, transplant rejection, infectious diseases and cancer.[1][2] Smith is a Professor Emeritus of Medicine at Weill Cornell Medicine.[3]
Kendall Arthur Smith was born in Akron, Ohio, where he grew up as the second child of Robert Lyman Smith and Juanita Murphy Smith. He attended Fairlawn Primary School, Simon Perkins Junior High School followed by Buchtel High School in Akron, graduating in 1960.
Medical and scientific trainingedit
Smith graduated from Denison University, Granville, Ohio with a B.S. in biology (1964).[4] He graduated summa cum laude from the Ohio State University College of Medicine in 1968, then trained in Internal Medicine at Yale-New Haven Hospital (1968-1970). Smith then trained at the National Cancer Institute, Dartmouth Medical School and L’Institut de Cancerologie et d’Immunogenetique in Villejuif, France (1970-’74).
Careeredit
Smith joined the faculty of Dartmouth Medical School (Hanover, N.H.) as an Assistant Professor of Medicine in Hematology & Oncology in 1974, progressing to Associate Professor (1978) and Professor (1982). At the school, Smith focused his research on the immune system. By the 1970s, it had become clear that white blood cells are responsible for immune responses, but how these responses are initiated and regulated was not yet understood. The first molecularly defined T cellcytokine, interleukin-2 (IL-2), was originally described by Smith.[5] His findings had a significant impact on immunology research and paved the way for the discovery of numerous humoral mediators of cell-mediated immunity.[6] In groundbreaking research, Smith led a team that employed meticulous protein enrichment methods to purify TCGF (IL-2) to a state of purity and produce bioactive, biosynthetically radiolabeled TCGF. The introduction of radiolabeled TCGF/IL-2 allowed for an examination of its interaction with T cells, leading to a pivotal finding: the biological impacts of TCGF were facilitated by a high-affinity cytokine receptor that was selectively expressed on T cells activated through their T cell antigen receptor, thus underscoring the immune specificity of IL-2's effects.[6]
In 1993, Smith moved to Weill Cornell Medicine in New York City to conduct clinical research in AIDS. There he served as the Chief of The Division of Immunology as well as the Co-Chair of the Immunology Program of The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, a joint program between Cornell and Sloan-Kettering Institute. He also served as the Director of The Tr-Institutional MD/PhD Program, a joint effort between Cornell, Sloan-Kettering and the Rockefeller University. Having extended his research to the clinic, by 1999, Smith established that low, physiological doses of interleukins could stimulate immune responses without toxicity.[7][8]
In 1993 Smith moved to Weill Cornell Medicine in New York City to conduct clinical research in AIDS. There he served as the Chief of The Division of Immunology as well as the Co-Chair of the Immunology Program of The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, a joint program between Cornell and Sloan-Kettering Institute. He also served as the Director of The Tr-Institutional MD/PhD Program, a joint effort between Cornell, Sloan-Kettering and the Rockefeller University.
1968 Landacre Society – Student Research Honorary Society, President
1968 Robert Nelson Watman Award for Outstanding Achievement in Research and Medicine
1968 M.D. summa cum laude
1979 Elected as Fellow to the American College of Physicians
1981 Elected to the American Society for Clinical Investigation
1989 Friedrich-Sasse Foundation Award
1993 Denison University Alumni Citation Award
2009 Alumni Achievement Award, The Ohio State University College of Medicine
Journal articlesedit
The Long-Term Culture of Antigen-Specific T Cytotoxic T cells. Nature, 268:154-156, 1977.
T Cell Growth Factor: Parameters of Production and a Quantitative Microassay for Activity. J. Immunol, 120:2027-32, 1978.
The Functional Relationship of the Interleukins. J. Exp. Med. 151:1551-56, 1980.
The Biochemical Characterization of the IL2 Molecule. Mol. Immunol. 18:1087-94, 1981.
T Cell Growth Factor Receptors: Quantitation, Specificity and Biological Relevance. J. Exp. Med. 154: 1455-74, 1981.
Production and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies to Interleukin 2: Strategies and Tactics. J. Immunol 131: 1808-15. 1983.
The Interleukin T cell System: A New Cell Growth Model. Science. 224: 1312-16, 1984.
The Interleukin 2 Receptor: Functional Consequences of it’s Bimolecular Structure. J. Exp. Med. 166: 1055-69. 1987.
Differentiation of T Cell Lymphokine Gene Expression: The in vitro Generation of T Cell Memory. J. Exp. Med. 173:25-36. 1991.
Isolation of Interleukin2-induced Immediate-Early Genes. PNAS. 90:2719-23. 1993.
Rational Interleukin 2 Therapy for HIV-Positive Individuals: Daily Low Doses Enhance Immune Function Without Toxicity. PNAS. 93:10405-10, 1996.
Therapeutic Use of IL2 to Enhance Antiviral T Cell Responses in vivo. Nature Med. 9:1-8, 2003.
PD1 Combination Therapy with IL2 Modifies CD8+ T Cell Exhaustion. Nature. 610:173-81, 2022.
Referencesedit
^Smith, Kendall A (2017-09-06). Molecular Immunity. WORLD SCIENTIFIC. doi:10.1142/10755. ISBN978-981-323-170-2.
^"Loop | Kendall Arthur Smith". loop.frontiersin.org. Retrieved 2021-06-02.
^"Faculty | Weill Department of Medicine". medicine.weill.cornell.edu. Retrieved 2021-06-02.
^University, Denison. "Kendall A. Smith". Denison University Alumni. Retrieved 2021-06-02.
^Kaufmann, Stefan H. E. (April 3, 2019). "Immunology's Coming of Age". Frontiers in Immunology. 10: 684. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.00684. PMC6456699. PMID 31001278.
^ abRoss, Sarah H.; Cantrell, Doreen A. (April 18, 2019). "Signaling and Function of Interleukin-2 in T Lymphocytes". Annual Review of Immunology. 36: 411–433. doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-042617-053352. PMC6472684. PMID 29677473.
^"Weill Cornell Researchers Develop New Treatment Regimen for HIV-Positive Patients". Weill Cornell Medicine. March 19, 1999.
^"Weill Cornell Studies Reveal Accelerated Improvement of Immune System and Antiviral Reactivity in Chronic HIV Infection". NewYork-Presbyterian. November 14, 2000.
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kendall, smith, kendall, smith, american, scientist, most, well, known, work, interleukins, regulatory, molecules, immune, system, which, many, present, therapies, immunological, disorders, transplant, rejection, infectious, diseases, cancer, smith, professor,. Kendall A Smith is an American scientist most well known for his work on interleukins the regulatory molecules of the immune system which has led to many of the new present day therapies for immunological disorders transplant rejection infectious diseases and cancer 1 2 Smith is a Professor Emeritus of Medicine at Weill Cornell Medicine 3 Contents 1 Early life 2 Medical and scientific training 3 Career 4 Publications 5 Honors and awards 6 Journal articles 7 ReferencesEarly life editKendall Arthur Smith was born in Akron Ohio where he grew up as the second child of Robert Lyman Smith and Juanita Murphy Smith He attended Fairlawn Primary School Simon Perkins Junior High School followed by Buchtel High School in Akron graduating in 1960 Medical and scientific training editSmith graduated from Denison University Granville Ohio with a B S in biology 1964 4 He graduated summa cum laude from the Ohio State University College of Medicine in 1968 then trained in Internal Medicine at Yale New Haven Hospital 1968 1970 Smith then trained at the National Cancer Institute Dartmouth Medical School and L Institut de Cancerologie et d Immunogenetique in Villejuif France 1970 74 Career editSmith joined the faculty of Dartmouth Medical School Hanover N H as an Assistant Professor of Medicine in Hematology amp Oncology in 1974 progressing to Associate Professor 1978 and Professor 1982 At the school Smith focused his research on the immune system By the 1970s it had become clear that white blood cells are responsible for immune responses but how these responses are initiated and regulated was not yet understood The first molecularly defined T cell cytokine interleukin 2 IL 2 was originally described by Smith 5 His findings had a significant impact on immunology research and paved the way for the discovery of numerous humoral mediators of cell mediated immunity 6 In groundbreaking research Smith led a team that employed meticulous protein enrichment methods to purify TCGF IL 2 to a state of purity and produce bioactive biosynthetically radiolabeled TCGF The introduction of radiolabeled TCGF IL 2 allowed for an examination of its interaction with T cells leading to a pivotal finding the biological impacts of TCGF were facilitated by a high affinity cytokine receptor that was selectively expressed on T cells activated through their T cell antigen receptor thus underscoring the immune specificity of IL 2 s effects 6 In 1993 Smith moved to Weill Cornell Medicine in New York City to conduct clinical research in AIDS There he served as the Chief of The Division of Immunology as well as the Co Chair of the Immunology Program of The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences a joint program between Cornell and Sloan Kettering Institute He also served as the Director of The Tr Institutional MD PhD Program a joint effort between Cornell Sloan Kettering and the Rockefeller University Having extended his research to the clinic by 1999 Smith established that low physiological doses of interleukins could stimulate immune responses without toxicity 7 8 In 1993 Smith moved to Weill Cornell Medicine in New York City to conduct clinical research in AIDS There he served as the Chief of The Division of Immunology as well as the Co Chair of the Immunology Program of The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences a joint program between Cornell and Sloan Kettering Institute He also served as the Director of The Tr Institutional MD PhD Program a joint effort between Cornell Sloan Kettering and the Rockefeller University Publications editInterleukin 2 Academic Press Inc 1988 ISBN 9780126514209 The Quantal Theory of Immunity The Molecular Basis of Autoimmunity and Leukemia World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd 2010 ISBN 9789814271752 Molecular Immunity A Chronology of 60 Years of Discovery World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd 2019 ISBN 9789813231702 The Interleukin Revolution The Troy Bookmakers 2023 ISBN 9781614687986 Honors and awards edit1965 Nu Sigma Nu Award for the Outstanding First year Medical Student 1966 The Chauncy Leake Award 1967 Alpha Omega Alpha honor society 1968 Landacre Society Student Research Honorary Society President 1968 Robert Nelson Watman Award for Outstanding Achievement in Research and Medicine 1968 M D summa cum laude 1979 Elected as Fellow to the American College of Physicians 1981 Elected to the American Society for Clinical Investigation 1989 Friedrich Sasse Foundation Award 1993 Denison University Alumni Citation Award 2009 Alumni Achievement Award The Ohio State University College of MedicineJournal articles editThe Long Term Culture of Antigen Specific T Cytotoxic T cells Nature 268 154 156 1977 T Cell Growth Factor Parameters of Production and a Quantitative Microassay for Activity J Immunol 120 2027 32 1978 The Functional Relationship of the Interleukins J Exp Med 151 1551 56 1980 The Biochemical Characterization of the IL2 Molecule Mol Immunol 18 1087 94 1981 T Cell Growth Factor Receptors Quantitation Specificity and Biological Relevance J Exp Med 154 1455 74 1981 Production and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies to Interleukin 2 Strategies and Tactics J Immunol 131 1808 15 1983 The Interleukin T cell System A New Cell Growth Model Science 224 1312 16 1984 The Interleukin 2 Receptor Functional Consequences of it s Bimolecular Structure J Exp Med 166 1055 69 1987 Differentiation of T Cell Lymphokine Gene Expression The in vitro Generation of T Cell Memory J Exp Med 173 25 36 1991 Isolation of Interleukin2 induced Immediate Early Genes PNAS 90 2719 23 1993 Rational Interleukin 2 Therapy for HIV Positive Individuals Daily Low Doses Enhance Immune Function Without Toxicity PNAS 93 10405 10 1996 Therapeutic Use of IL2 to Enhance Antiviral T Cell Responses in vivo Nature Med 9 1 8 2003 PD1 Combination Therapy with IL2 Modifies CD8 T Cell Exhaustion Nature 610 173 81 2022 References edit Smith Kendall A 2017 09 06 Molecular Immunity WORLD SCIENTIFIC doi 10 1142 10755 ISBN 978 981 323 170 2 Loop Kendall Arthur Smith loop frontiersin org Retrieved 2021 06 02 Faculty Weill Department of Medicine medicine weill cornell edu Retrieved 2021 06 02 University Denison Kendall A Smith Denison University Alumni Retrieved 2021 06 02 Kaufmann Stefan H E April 3 2019 Immunology s Coming of Age Frontiers in Immunology 10 684 doi 10 3389 fimmu 2019 00684 PMC 6456699 PMID 31001278 a b Ross Sarah H Cantrell Doreen A April 18 2019 Signaling and Function of Interleukin 2 in T Lymphocytes Annual Review of Immunology 36 411 433 doi 10 1146 annurev immunol 042617 053352 PMC 6472684 PMID 29677473 Weill Cornell Researchers Develop New Treatment Regimen for HIV Positive Patients Weill Cornell Medicine March 19 1999 Weill Cornell Studies Reveal Accelerated Improvement of Immune System and Antiviral Reactivity in Chronic HIV Infection NewYork Presbyterian November 14 2000 This article needs additional or more specific categories Please help out by adding categories to it so that it can be listed with similar articles June 2021 nbsp nbsp nbsp This biographical article related to medicine in the United States is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Kendall Smith amp oldid 1212692345, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
