The Kauaʻi nukupuʻu (Hemignathus hanapepe) was a species of nukupuʻu once found throughout parts of the Hawaiian island of Kauaʻi. It was an insect eater that picked out its tiny prey from tree bark. The males were yellowish with brown wings, while the females were grayish brown with a yellow throat streak.
Illustration from The Ibis, the brighter bird in the back
The species was abundant until the 19th century, when the loss of its lowland forests to slash and burn farming methods damaged its habitat. By 1889, this bird was very rare, though it could still be found in small flocks in the higher forests. The last confirmed sighting was in 1899; if the species survived after this time, it likely became confined to the Alakaʻi Wilderness Preserve. From 1984-1998, it was recorded several times in this area, but later analysis of these sightings indicates that almost all these observations were likely of Kauaʻi ʻamakihi (Chlorodrepanis stejnegeri). It was also feared that the winds from Hurricane Iniki in 1992 could have created more damage to the bird's habitat. Intensive searches for this species throughout the 1990s were unsuccessful, although a single unconfirmed report was made in 2007. The species was likely already extinct by 1906, but the recency of some of the unconfirmed sightings indicates that the species should likely not be classified as extinct unless there is no doubt that it is.[3] In September 2021, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service proposed that the Kauaʻi nukupuʻu extinct, citing fruitless and extensive surveys.[4][5] In October 2023, the species was delisted from the Endangered Species Act citing extinction.[6]
Referencesedit
^BirdLife International (2018). "Hemignathus hanapepe". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T103823616A125584125. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T103823616A125584125.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
^"Kauai Nukupu'u". NatureServe. 6 June 2022. ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.100315. Retrieved 12 June 2022.
^International), BirdLife International (BirdLife (2016-10-01). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Hemignathus hanapepe". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved 2021-04-18.
^Einhorn, Catrin (29 September 2021). "Protected Too Late: U.S. Officials Report More Than 20 Extinctions". The New York Times. Retrieved 29 September 2021.
^"Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Removal of 23 Extinct Species From the Lists of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants". www.regulations.gov. Retrieved 2022-06-13.
^"21 Species Delisted from the Endangered Species Act due to Extinction | U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service". FWS.gov. 2023-10-16. Retrieved 2023-10-17.
External linksedit
(PDF). Hawaii’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy. State of Hawaiʻi. 2005-10-01. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-11-03.
January 01, 1970
kauaʻi, nukupuʻu, hemignathus, hanapepe, species, nukupuʻu, once, found, throughout, parts, hawaiian, island, kauaʻi, insect, eater, that, picked, tiny, prey, from, tree, bark, males, were, yellowish, with, brown, wings, while, females, were, grayish, brown, w. The Kauaʻi nukupuʻu Hemignathus hanapepe was a species of nukupuʻu once found throughout parts of the Hawaiian island of Kauaʻi It was an insect eater that picked out its tiny prey from tree bark The males were yellowish with brown wings while the females were grayish brown with a yellow throat streak Kauaʻi nukupuʻu Illustration by Keulemans Conservation status Critically endangered possibly extinct IUCN 3 1 1 Presumed Extinct NatureServe 2 Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Aves Order Passeriformes Family Fringillidae Subfamily Carduelinae Genus Hemignathus Species H hanapepe Binomial name Hemignathus hanapepeWilson SB 1889 Black Extinct Green Current range Synonyms Hemignathus lucidus hanapepeConservation edit nbsp Illustration from The Ibis the brighter bird in the back The species was abundant until the 19th century when the loss of its lowland forests to slash and burn farming methods damaged its habitat By 1889 this bird was very rare though it could still be found in small flocks in the higher forests The last confirmed sighting was in 1899 if the species survived after this time it likely became confined to the Alakaʻi Wilderness Preserve From 1984 1998 it was recorded several times in this area but later analysis of these sightings indicates that almost all these observations were likely of Kauaʻi ʻamakihi Chlorodrepanis stejnegeri It was also feared that the winds from Hurricane Iniki in 1992 could have created more damage to the bird s habitat Intensive searches for this species throughout the 1990s were unsuccessful although a single unconfirmed report was made in 2007 The species was likely already extinct by 1906 but the recency of some of the unconfirmed sightings indicates that the species should likely not be classified as extinct unless there is no doubt that it is 3 In September 2021 the U S Fish and Wildlife Service proposed that the Kauaʻi nukupuʻu extinct citing fruitless and extensive surveys 4 5 In October 2023 the species was delisted from the Endangered Species Act citing extinction 6 References edit BirdLife International 2018 Hemignathus hanapepe IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018 e T103823616A125584125 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2018 2 RLTS T103823616A125584125 en Retrieved 20 November 2021 Kauai Nukupu u NatureServe 6 June 2022 ELEMENT GLOBAL 2 100315 Retrieved 12 June 2022 International BirdLife International BirdLife 2016 10 01 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species Hemignathus hanapepe IUCN Red List of Threatened Species Retrieved 2021 04 18 Einhorn Catrin 29 September 2021 Protected Too Late U S Officials Report More Than 20 Extinctions The New York Times Retrieved 29 September 2021 Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants Removal of 23 Extinct Species From the Lists of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants www regulations gov Retrieved 2022 06 13 21 Species Delisted from the Endangered Species Act due to Extinction U S Fish amp Wildlife Service FWS gov 2023 10 16 Retrieved 2023 10 17 External links edit Kauaʻi Nuku Puʻu PDF Hawaii s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy State of Hawaiʻi 2005 10 01 Archived from the original PDF on 2013 11 03 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Kauaʻi nukupuʻu amp oldid 1219432940, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
