The Kang-chü, Kao-che, Gaoche or Kao-chü Ting-ling (chin. 高車, „high chariot/cart“) were an ancient Turkic people in East Asia in the 3rd century AD. Only known under the Chinese name Kao-che, they are usually equated with the ancient Dingling (丁零) and Kang and medieval Kipchaks.[1][2] The semantic association of "carts" with Turkic nomads appears in the Gaoche ("high cart"), one of the Chinese names used for the Tiele(鐵勒) and later the Uyghurs.[3] In Georgian and Latin sources Cumans, Kipchaks, and Qanglï are seen identical or at least “related”, while also perhaps being connected with the Kengeres/Kangar people and the toponym Qang.[4]
In the third century AD, the Dingling people formed part of the Southern Hsiung-Nu/Xiongnu(南匈奴). According to the Weilüe, an account from the years 239 to 265, a group of the Thing fled to the western steppes of Kazakhstan. During the Sixteen Kingdoms period, they established the state of Wei, which, however, is not identical to that of the Northern Wei Dynasty. At that time they were also called Gaoche for the first time. A section of the Gaoche is also said to have settled along the Orkhon River under the name of Bayeqi (拔也稽) until it was subdued by the Rouran in the early 5th century. Some of the Gaoche are said to have held high positions in the Rouran state.
The southern Gaoche, along with remnants of the Tabgach, repeatedly invaded the Rouran frontier regions. After a Rouran uprising against the Tabgach in 429, 1.5 million captive Gaoche were settled in the southern capital, Pingcheng. Six tribes and twelve clans are said to have belonged to the Gaoche among the Rouran in the 6th century.
In 524 there was an uprising against the Rouran that lasted until 526. As a result, many Gaoche moved south and assimilated into the local population. With this loss of population, the power of the Rouran declined over time. The Gaoche people in the region were followed by the Fufuluo (副伏羅), later the Chile (敕勒) or Tiele (鐵勒).
According to Chinese sources, the Gaoche (Kao-chü, chin. "high chariot/cart") were considered to be closest ethnically to the T'ieh-le (Tiele). Originally known as the Kao-chü Ting-ling (chin. "High Chariot Ting-ling"), the Kao-chü were apparently the last surviving branch of the Chidi (Chile).[5] According to the History of Gaoche from the Chinese Chronicle Wei Shou (6th century), the origin of the Ting-ling/Dingling (丁零) and T'ieh-le (丁零 ) can be traced back to the Chidi (赤狄) or Red Di (赤狄), a people which settled in northern China during the spring and autumn periods.[6][7] Their language is similar to the Hunnu/Hunyu with little difference (浑庾).[8]
Referencesedit
^Wolfgang-Ekkehard Scharlipp: Die frühen Türken in Zentralasien eine Einführung in ihre Geschichte und Kultur. Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 1992, ISBN 3-534-11689-5, p. 11.
^Golden, Peter B., "Ethnogenesis in the Tribal Zone: The Shaping of the Türks". From: Studies on the Peoples and Cultures of the Eurasian Steppes, ed. C. Hriban, Florilegium magistrorum historiae archaeologicaeque Antiquitatis et Medii Aevi, IX (Bucharest-Brăla, 2011):17-63 / ISBN 978-973-27-2152-0
^Ahmad Hasan Dani, B. A. Litvinsky: "History of Civilizations of Central Asia: The crossroads of civilizations, A.D. 250 to 750". chapter: The T’ieh-le and Kao-chü - UNESCO. 1996. page 323. PDF
^ - Xinjiang Academy of Social Sciences (XJASS). 2015.
^N.Ya.Bichurin: "Collection of Information on Peoples in Central Asia in Ancient Times." Printing house of military schools Sankt Petersburg, 1851. Part 1 Section 5: Hoihu. Pagee 248. PDF, p. 304 (RUS)
January 01, 1970
kang, chü, gaoche, chü, ting, ling, chin, 高車, high, chariot, cart, were, ancient, turkic, people, east, asia, century, only, known, under, chinese, name, they, usually, equated, with, ancient, dingling, 丁零, kang, medieval, kipchaks, semantic, association, cart. The Kang chu Kao che Gaoche or Kao chu Ting ling chin 高車 high chariot cart were an ancient Turkic people in East Asia in the 3rd century AD Only known under the Chinese name Kao che they are usually equated with the ancient Dingling 丁零 and Kang and medieval Kipchaks 1 2 The semantic association of carts with Turkic nomads appears in the Gaoche high cart one of the Chinese names used for the Tiele 鐵勒 and later the Uyghurs 3 In Georgian and Latin sources Cumans Kipchaks and Qangli are seen identical or at least related while also perhaps being connected with the Kengeres Kangar people and the toponym Qang 4 Contents 1 History 1 1 The king list 2 Origin 3 ReferencesHistory editIn the third century AD the Dingling people formed part of the Southern Hsiung Nu Xiongnu 南匈奴 According to the Weilue an account from the years 239 to 265 a group of the Thing fled to the western steppes of Kazakhstan During the Sixteen Kingdoms period they established the state of Wei which however is not identical to that of the Northern Wei Dynasty At that time they were also called Gaoche for the first time A section of the Gaoche is also said to have settled along the Orkhon River under the name of Bayeqi 拔也稽 until it was subdued by the Rouran in the early 5th century Some of the Gaoche are said to have held high positions in the Rouran state The southern Gaoche along with remnants of the Tabgach repeatedly invaded the Rouran frontier regions After a Rouran uprising against the Tabgach in 429 1 5 million captive Gaoche were settled in the southern capital Pingcheng Six tribes and twelve clans are said to have belonged to the Gaoche among the Rouran in the 6th century In 524 there was an uprising against the Rouran that lasted until 526 As a result many Gaoche moved south and assimilated into the local population With this loss of population the power of the Rouran declined over time The Gaoche people in the region were followed by the Fufuluo 副伏羅 later the Chile 敕勒 or Tiele 鐵勒 The king list edit Family names and given name Durations of reigns Family name and given name 阿伏至羅 Afuzhiluo 487 503 跋利延 Baliyan 503 505 彌俄突 Mi etu 505 516 伊匐 Yifu 516 524 越居 Yueju 524 536 比造 Bǐzao 536 540 去賓 Qubin 540 541Origin editAccording to Chinese sources the Gaoche Kao chu chin high chariot cart were considered to be closest ethnically to the T ieh le Tiele Originally known as the Kao chu Ting ling chin High Chariot Ting ling the Kao chu were apparently the last surviving branch of the Chidi Chile 5 According to the History of Gaoche from the Chinese Chronicle Wei Shou 6th century the origin of the Ting ling Dingling 丁零 and T ieh le 丁零 can be traced back to the Chidi 赤狄 or Red Di 赤狄 a people which settled in northern China during the spring and autumn periods 6 7 Their language is similar to the Hunnu Hunyu with little difference 浑庾 8 References edit Wolfgang Ekkehard Scharlipp Die fruhen Turken in Zentralasien eine Einfuhrung in ihre Geschichte und Kultur Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft Darmstadt 1992 ISBN 3 534 11689 5 p 11 Ahmet Tasagil The Strategic Importance of Toles Tribe VI and VII centuries 3 2014 Golden Peter B Ethnogenesis in the Tribal Zone The Shaping of the Turks From Studies on the Peoples and Cultures of the Eurasian Steppes ed C Hriban Florilegium magistrorum historiae archaeologicaeque Antiquitatis et Medii Aevi IX Bucharest Brăla 2011 17 63 ISBN 978 973 27 2152 0 QEPCAQ Encyclopaedia Iranica Ahmad Hasan Dani B A Litvinsky History of Civilizations of Central Asia The crossroads of civilizations A D 250 to 750 chapter The T ieh le and Kao chu UNESCO 1996 page 323 PDF Duan Lianqin 1988 Dingling Gaoju and Tiele Shanghai Shanghai People s Press pages 1 6 丁零 铁勒的西迁及其所建西域政权 Xinjiang Academy of Social Sciences XJASS 2015 N Ya Bichurin Collection of Information on Peoples in Central Asia in Ancient Times Printing house of military schools Sankt Petersburg 1851 Part 1 Section 5 Hoihu Pagee 248 PDF p 304 RUS Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Kang chu amp oldid 1178672893, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
