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Proposed dams in the Kaliwa River watershed

December 15, 2023

Several bulk water supply projects on the upper portion of the Kaliwa River Watershed have been proposed by the Philippine Government since the 1970s,[1] with the intent of relieving Metro Manila of its overdependence on the water supplied by Angat Dam.[2][3] Most of these have focused on a particular site in Barangay Laiban in Tanay, Rizal, on the upper portion of the Kaliwa River Watershed to which the Laiban Dam belongs, and the projects have thus often been referred to as Laiban dam or Kaliwa dam, although multiple projects have been referred to using either name.[1]

Due to controversies regarding the project's environmental impact[4] and its potential effect on local communities,[5] notably including a community of Remontado Dumagat people who consider the area part of their ancestral lands,[6] these projects have been controversial and have thus been alternatingly approved, deferred, cancelled, and reapproved by the Philippine Government at different times since the late 1970s.[3]

Proposed dam sites edit

Dams have been proposed on two separate locations within the Kaliwa River watershed: one upstream in Tanay, Rizal, which is sometimes called the "Laiban Dam", and another Downstream, in Quezon Province.[7] Both have been referred to as the Kaliwa Dam, but since 2012, the Quezon site is the one disitinguished as "Kaliwa Dam" when the two sites are both being discussed.[8]

The Kaliwa Watershed edit

The Kaliwa Watershed forms part of the Sierra Madre Biodiversity Corridor (SMBC), and has been identified by the Southern Sierra Madre Wildlife Center of the Environmental Studies Institute of Miriam College as one of the SMBC's 14 priority biodiversity conservation sites.[4] It is described as "an important wildlife habitat that contains dipterocarp trees, a wide array of birds, mammals, amphibians and reptiles, some of which are threatened and endemic species."

In 1999 the Kaliwa Watershed, evaluated at the time as "degraded due to anthropogenic pressures", was classified as a protected area under the National Integrated Protected Areas System.[4]

The terrain is generally mountainous, surrounded by slopes > 50%, consisting partly of forested hills and partly of cultivated land, with some slash and burn cultivation (kaingin) areas present. Its elevation is from 220 masl (meters above sea level) to 1,530 masl.[5] A number of small creeks run through the lower slopes, all eventually connecting to the main river.[4]

The Laiban sub-watershed site in Tanay, Rizal edit

The Laiban site where the project is supposed to be built is a Barangay of municipality of Tanay in the province of Rizal, east of Metro Manila. It contains he 180 ha Laiban sub-watershed, a microbasin of the bigger Kaliwa Watershed, nestled in the southeastern portion of the Sierra Madre Mountain Range.[4]

Barangays on the site also serve as home to the indigenous Remontado Dumagats.[4]

Downstream site in Quezon Province edit

The other proposed site for the dam and reservoir is further east and downstream on the east-flowing Kaliwa river, located in the Barangays of Pagsanjan in the town of General Nakar and Magsaysay in the town of Infanta. Proposals for the construction of this downstream dam still involves the placement of conveyance tunnels and reservoir areas in the upstream Tanay, Rizal site.[8]

Previously discontinued proposals edit

Manila Water Supply III project during the Marcos administration edit

The history of projects on the Kaliwa River watershed began with the conception of the Manila Water Supply III project in November 1979 during the administration of President Ferdinand Marcos. However, instructed the MWSS to look for alternative sites. The MWSS identified the Kaliwa River basin to be the most viable alternative, and began the first World Bank feasibility study on the damming of the Kaliwa river in 1979.[3]

During that time, however, the Philippine economy had gone into rapid decline because Marcos' debt driven deficit spending made the Philippines vulnerable when the United States increased its interest rates in the third quarter of 1981.[9][10][11] The ensuing collapse of the Philippine economy, worsened by the political pressure after the assassination of Benigno Aquino, led to slow development of the Laiban dam project until Marcos was forced out of office and into exile by the 1986 People Power Revolution.[12]

By 1989, the succeeding administration of Corazon Aquino reviewed the project and determined that costs had ballooned so high that the project had to be shelved.[13]

Proposals during the Ramos and Arroyo administrations edit

After the administration of President Fidel Ramos took over in 1992, it continued conducting studies for the development of a Kaliwa dam, but these remained just proposals as the Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System was privatized, and concessionaires Manila Water and Maynilad took over the servicing of water in the National Capital Region.[7]

In 2007, the administration of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo was able to get funding for Laiban Dam approved. However, the ZTE broadband scandal forced the project to be shelved.[7]

2009 San Miguel Corporation proposal edit

In 2009, San Miguel Corporation submitted an unsolicited proposal for the building of a dam in Laiban, but public opinion at the thought of higher water rates led to the project once again being shelved in 2010.[7]

2009 Kaliwa Intake Weir proposal edit

Also in 2009, Osaka-based Japanese company Global Utility Development Corporation submitted an unsolicited proposal for what was called the Kaliwa Intake Weir Project, which would have seen the creation of a 7-meter, 550 MLD Weir at the Kaliwa site, instead of a dam.[14] At the instructions of President Aquino, this proposal was explored again in 2017, after the approval of the New Centennial Water Source-Kaliwa Dam Project by NEDA

2012 Kaliwa Low Dam proposal edit

Main article: Kaliwa Low Dam

The New Centennial Water Source-Kaliwa Dam Project was a water project proposed by the Philippine Government in 2012, whose main component was the construction of the Kaliwa Low Dam in Tanay, Rizal, as well as a water supply tunnel, and the attendant infrastructure for these structures.[15] The proposed Kaliwa Low Dam design had a 600 million-liters-a-day (MLD) capacity, and the water supply tunnel has a 2,400-MLD capacity. Had it been built, the Kaliwa Low Dam was expected to ease the demand on the Angat Dam, Manila's sole water storage facility.[16]

In 2015, two consortia were pre-qualified to bid for the undertaking of the Kaliwa Dam project[17] — the SMC-K Water Consortium, which is a partnership between San Miguel Holdings Corp. and Korea Water Resources Corp.; and the Abeima-Datem Consortium, which is a partnership between Albeinsa Infraestructura Medio Ambiento S.A and Datem Inc.[17]

When the project had not moved forward by the time Aquino administration ended, the succeeding Duterte administration decided not to pursue the Kaliwa Low Dam plan. The administration pursued a bigger dam instead, with funds to be obtained through an official development assistance from China.

2012 Laiban Low Dam proposal (NCWSP Phase 2) edit

A second dam further upstream, named Laiban dam, was also proposed under the 2012 version of the NCWS-Kaliwa Dam Project, as part of a larger, integrated system.[18] The proposed system was intended to be built in stages, with the approval of Laiban Dam subject to the success of the Kaliwa Low Dam. As a result, only stage one, involving Kaliwa Low Dam its attendant the water supply tunnel, were actually approved for construction during the administration of Benigno Aquino III.[2] The dam would not be included in the new NCWS plan under the succeeding administration.[19]

Ongoing MWSS-CEEC dam project edit

See also: China Energy Engineering Corporation and Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System

A new proposal under the administration of President Rodrigo Duterte,[2] would replace the 2012 proposal with a full-sized dam, which would be negotiated using bilateral agreements.[19] However, the project would continue to use the name "New Centennial Water Source-Kaliwa Dam Project."[19][2]

Various leftist, indigenous peoples, and environmental groups have voiced concerns regarding the project,[20][21] with some alleging that the government bypassed various social and environmental regulations to complete the dam within the current administration.[19][22] Proponents of the dam state that the project would bring various security and tourism benefits, while alleviating the water shortage in Metro Manila.[23]

The dam was originally proposed to be built at the Laiban Dam site in Tanay, Rizal, but was later disapproved because a dam in Tanay would submerge a larger area. The site downstream in Quezon Province was approved instead, with the areas in Tanay and Teresa becoming sites for the upstream reservoir and conveyance tunnels instead.[8]

Construction edit

The tunnel boring machines for the dam were revealed on June 2, 2021.[24] The project had its groundbreaking on June 29, 2021.[23] Excavation works for the dam is scheduled to begin in December 2021, to be done by a joint venture of MWSS and China Energy Engineering Corporation (CEEC).[25]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b Calleja, Nina (February 25, 2013). "P85B MWSS project: Same river in Tanay but different plan: Gov't to undertake project to head off possible water shortage in NCR". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Makati: Philippine Daily Inquirer, Inc. Retrieved July 1, 2014.
  2. ^ a b c d Añonuevo, Euan Paulo C. (June 11, 2014), Laiban Dam Project next on MWSS' PPP list, InterAksyon.com
  3. ^ a b c (PDF). pcij.org. Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism. July 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 20, 2013. Retrieved July 1, 2014.
  4. ^ a b c d e f Villegas, Karl L.; Pollisco, Filiberto A. Jr. (2008). (PDF). Journal of Tropical Biology and Conservation. Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation. 4 (1): 1–14. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 14, 2014. Retrieved July 2, 2014.
  5. ^ a b Crucio, Emmanuel; Parayno, Phares (2010). (PDF). The Sixteenth Annual International Sustainable Development Research Conference, 30 May - 1 June 2010 (Conference Proceedings). Hong Kong. ISBN 978-988-18934-1-3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 July 2014. Retrieved July 2, 2014.
  6. ^ Mallari, Delfin T. Jr. (July 12, 2013). "Sierra Madre tribe asks Congress to stop Laiban dam". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Makati City: Philippine Daily Inquirer, Inc. Retrieved July 2, 2014.
  7. ^ a b c d "What You Need to Know About the Kaliwa Dam Project". SPOT.PH.
  8. ^ a b c "Frequently Asked Questions". METROPOLITAN WATERWORKS AND SEWERAGE SYSTEM. from the original on 2020-11-18. Retrieved 2021-06-21.
  9. ^ Guido, Edson Joseph; de los Reyes, Che (2017), "The best of times? Data debunk Marcos's economic 'golden years'", ABSCBN News and Public Affairs
  10. ^ "Martial law: costly lessons in economic development". GMA News Online. 21 September 2009.
  11. ^ Punongbayan, JC (11 September 2017). "Marcos plundered to 'protect' the economy? Makes no economic sense". Rappler. Ortigas Center, Pasig.
  12. ^ Magno, Alexander R., ed. (1998). "Democracy at the Crossroads". Kasaysayan, The Story of the Filipino People Volume 9:A Nation Reborn. Hong Kong: Asia Publishing Company Limited.
  13. ^ "IN THE KNOW: The New Centennial Water Source Project". Philippine Daily Inquirer. March 14, 2019. Retrieved 2019-08-20.
  14. ^ "Japanese firm renews proposal on Kaliwa Dam project". www.pna.gov.ph.
  15. ^ "China will make Philippines dam a reality, after four decades of protest". South China Morning Post. 2018-12-09. Retrieved 2018-12-10.
  16. ^ Smith, Sandy (June 23, 2014). "New Starts: Closing 6 Blocks in D.C., Planning K.C. Streetcars From Afar, Manila's New Water Supply". nextcity.org. Next City. Retrieved June 30, 2014.
  17. ^ a b bw_mark (7 November 2018). "Integrated PPP vs Hybrid PPP: The case of Kaliwa Dam - BusinessWorld". BusinessWorld | The most trusted source of Philippine business news and analysis. Retrieved 2020-08-18.
  18. ^ (PDF). Environmental Impact Assessment and Management Division, Environmental Management Bureau, Government of the Republic of the Philippines. 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-01-22.
  19. ^ a b c d Camba, Alvin (2021-06-15). "How Duterte Strong-Armed Chinese Dam-Builders But Weakened Philippine Institutions". Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. from the original on 2021-06-15. Retrieved 2021-06-18.
  20. ^ Chavez, Leilani (2019-11-05). "A Philippine tribe that defeated a dam prepares to fight its reincarnation". Mongabay Environmental News. Retrieved 2019-12-31.
  21. ^ "Coalition rejects China-funded Kaliwa Dam project". Retrieved 2019-08-20.
  22. ^ "Analysis | Two of China's Belt and Road projects reveal a flaw in the G-7′s new global financing plan". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2021-07-03.
  23. ^ a b "Water outage in Metro Manila expected to end as Philippines-China dam project breaks ground". The Star. Retrieved 2021-07-03.
  24. ^ "TUNNEL BORING MACHINE (TBM) FOR THE KALIWA DAM PROJECT READY TO ROLL | METROPOLITAN WATERWORKS AND SEWERAGE SYSTEM". Retrieved 2021-07-03.
  25. ^ . The Manila Bulletin. 2021-06-07. Archived from the original on 2021-06-06. Retrieved 2021-06-18.

December 15, 2023
proposed, dams, kaliwa, river, watershed, several, bulk, water, supply, projects, upper, portion, kaliwa, river, watershed, have, been, proposed, philippine, government, since, 1970s, with, intent, relieving, metro, manila, overdependence, water, supplied, ang. Several bulk water supply projects on the upper portion of the Kaliwa River Watershed have been proposed by the Philippine Government since the 1970s 1 with the intent of relieving Metro Manila of its overdependence on the water supplied by Angat Dam 2 3 Most of these have focused on a particular site in Barangay Laiban in Tanay Rizal on the upper portion of the Kaliwa River Watershed to which the Laiban Dam belongs and the projects have thus often been referred to as Laiban dam or Kaliwa dam although multiple projects have been referred to using either name 1 Due to controversies regarding the project s environmental impact 4 and its potential effect on local communities 5 notably including a community of Remontado Dumagat people who consider the area part of their ancestral lands 6 these projects have been controversial and have thus been alternatingly approved deferred cancelled and reapproved by the Philippine Government at different times since the late 1970s 3 Contents 1 Proposed dam sites 1 1 The Kaliwa Watershed 1 2 The Laiban sub watershed site in Tanay Rizal 1 3 Downstream site in Quezon Province 2 Previously discontinued proposals 2 1 Manila Water Supply III project during the Marcos administration 2 2 Proposals during the Ramos and Arroyo administrations 2 3 2009 San Miguel Corporation proposal 2 4 2009 Kaliwa Intake Weir proposal 2 5 2012 Kaliwa Low Dam proposal 2 6 2012 Laiban Low Dam proposal NCWSP Phase 2 3 Ongoing MWSS CEEC dam project 3 1 Construction 4 See also 5 ReferencesProposed dam sites editDams have been proposed on two separate locations within the Kaliwa River watershed one upstream in Tanay Rizal which is sometimes called the Laiban Dam and another Downstream in Quezon Province 7 Both have been referred to as the Kaliwa Dam but since 2012 the Quezon site is the one disitinguished as Kaliwa Dam when the two sites are both being discussed 8 The Kaliwa Watershed edit The Kaliwa Watershed forms part of the Sierra Madre Biodiversity Corridor SMBC and has been identified by the Southern Sierra Madre Wildlife Center of the Environmental Studies Institute of Miriam College as one of the SMBC s 14 priority biodiversity conservation sites 4 It is described as an important wildlife habitat that contains dipterocarp trees a wide array of birds mammals amphibians and reptiles some of which are threatened and endemic species In 1999 the Kaliwa Watershed evaluated at the time as degraded due to anthropogenic pressures was classified as a protected area under the National Integrated Protected Areas System 4 The terrain is generally mountainous surrounded by slopes gt 50 consisting partly of forested hills and partly of cultivated land with some slash and burn cultivation kaingin areas present Its elevation is from 220 masl meters above sea level to 1 530 masl 5 A number of small creeks run through the lower slopes all eventually connecting to the main river 4 The Laiban sub watershed site in Tanay Rizal edit The Laiban site where the project is supposed to be built is a Barangay of municipality of Tanay in the province of Rizal east of Metro Manila It contains he 180 ha Laiban sub watershed a microbasin of the bigger Kaliwa Watershed nestled in the southeastern portion of the Sierra Madre Mountain Range 4 Barangays on the site also serve as home to the indigenous Remontado Dumagats 4 Downstream site in Quezon Province edit The other proposed site for the dam and reservoir is further east and downstream on the east flowing Kaliwa river located in the Barangays of Pagsanjan in the town of General Nakar and Magsaysay in the town of Infanta Proposals for the construction of this downstream dam still involves the placement of conveyance tunnels and reservoir areas in the upstream Tanay Rizal site 8 Previously discontinued proposals editManila Water Supply III project during the Marcos administration edit The history of projects on the Kaliwa River watershed began with the conception of the Manila Water Supply III project in November 1979 during the administration of President Ferdinand Marcos However instructed the MWSS to look for alternative sites The MWSS identified the Kaliwa River basin to be the most viable alternative and began the first World Bank feasibility study on the damming of the Kaliwa river in 1979 3 During that time however the Philippine economy had gone into rapid decline because Marcos debt driven deficit spending made the Philippines vulnerable when the United States increased its interest rates in the third quarter of 1981 9 10 11 The ensuing collapse of the Philippine economy worsened by the political pressure after the assassination of Benigno Aquino led to slow development of the Laiban dam project until Marcos was forced out of office and into exile by the 1986 People Power Revolution 12 By 1989 the succeeding administration of Corazon Aquino reviewed the project and determined that costs had ballooned so high that the project had to be shelved 13 Proposals during the Ramos and Arroyo administrations edit After the administration of President Fidel Ramos took over in 1992 it continued conducting studies for the development of a Kaliwa dam but these remained just proposals as the Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System was privatized and concessionaires Manila Water and Maynilad took over the servicing of water in the National Capital Region 7 In 2007 the administration of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo was able to get funding for Laiban Dam approved However the ZTE broadband scandal forced the project to be shelved 7 2009 San Miguel Corporation proposal edit In 2009 San Miguel Corporation submitted an unsolicited proposal for the building of a dam in Laiban but public opinion at the thought of higher water rates led to the project once again being shelved in 2010 7 2009 Kaliwa Intake Weir proposal edit Also in 2009 Osaka based Japanese company Global Utility Development Corporation submitted an unsolicited proposal for what was called the Kaliwa Intake Weir Project which would have seen the creation of a 7 meter 550 MLD Weir at the Kaliwa site instead of a dam 14 At the instructions of President Aquino this proposal was explored again in 2017 after the approval of the New Centennial Water Source Kaliwa Dam Project by NEDA 2012 Kaliwa Low Dam proposal edit Main article Kaliwa Low Dam The New Centennial Water Source Kaliwa Dam Project was a water project proposed by the Philippine Government in 2012 whose main component was the construction of the Kaliwa Low Dam in Tanay Rizal as well as a water supply tunnel and the attendant infrastructure for these structures 15 The proposed Kaliwa Low Dam design had a 600 million liters a day MLD capacity and the water supply tunnel has a 2 400 MLD capacity Had it been built the Kaliwa Low Dam was expected to ease the demand on the Angat Dam Manila s sole water storage facility 16 In 2015 two consortia were pre qualified to bid for the undertaking of the Kaliwa Dam project 17 the SMC K Water Consortium which is a partnership between San Miguel Holdings Corp and Korea Water Resources Corp and the Abeima Datem Consortium which is a partnership between Albeinsa Infraestructura Medio Ambiento S A and Datem Inc 17 When the project had not moved forward by the time Aquino administration ended the succeeding Duterte administration decided not to pursue the Kaliwa Low Dam plan The administration pursued a bigger dam instead with funds to be obtained through an official development assistance from China 2012 Laiban Low Dam proposal NCWSP Phase 2 edit A second dam further upstream named Laiban dam was also proposed under the 2012 version of the NCWS Kaliwa Dam Project as part of a larger integrated system 18 The proposed system was intended to be built in stages with the approval of Laiban Dam subject to the success of the Kaliwa Low Dam As a result only stage one involving Kaliwa Low Dam its attendant the water supply tunnel were actually approved for construction during the administration of Benigno Aquino III 2 The dam would not be included in the new NCWS plan under the succeeding administration 19 Ongoing MWSS CEEC dam project editSee also China Energy Engineering Corporation and Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage SystemA new proposal under the administration of President Rodrigo Duterte 2 would replace the 2012 proposal with a full sized dam which would be negotiated using bilateral agreements 19 However the project would continue to use the name New Centennial Water Source Kaliwa Dam Project 19 2 Various leftist indigenous peoples and environmental groups have voiced concerns regarding the project 20 21 with some alleging that the government bypassed various social and environmental regulations to complete the dam within the current administration 19 22 Proponents of the dam state that the project would bring various security and tourism benefits while alleviating the water shortage in Metro Manila 23 The dam was originally proposed to be built at the Laiban Dam site in Tanay Rizal but was later disapproved because a dam in Tanay would submerge a larger area The site downstream in Quezon Province was approved instead with the areas in Tanay and Teresa becoming sites for the upstream reservoir and conveyance tunnels instead 8 Construction edit The tunnel boring machines for the dam were revealed on June 2 2021 24 The project had its groundbreaking on June 29 2021 23 Excavation works for the dam is scheduled to begin in December 2021 to be done by a joint venture of MWSS and China Energy Engineering Corporation CEEC 25 See also editAngat Dam Wawa Dam Chico River Dam ProjectReferences edit a b Calleja Nina February 25 2013 P85B MWSS project Same river in Tanay but different plan Gov t to undertake project to head off possible water shortage in NCR Philippine Daily Inquirer Makati Philippine Daily Inquirer Inc Retrieved July 1 2014 a b c d Anonuevo Euan Paulo C June 11 2014 Laiban Dam Project next on MWSS PPP list InterAksyon com a b c Laiban Dam Project Chronology of Events PDF pcij org Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism July 2009 Archived from the original PDF on August 20 2013 Retrieved July 1 2014 a b c d e f Villegas Karl L Pollisco Filiberto A Jr 2008 Floral survey of Laiban sub watershed in the Sierra Madre Mountain Range in the Philippines PDF Journal of Tropical Biology and Conservation Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation 4 1 1 14 Archived from the original PDF on July 14 2014 Retrieved July 2 2014 a b Crucio Emmanuel Parayno Phares 2010 Laiban Dam Project Interlocking Ethics Values and People in a Philippine Watershed PDF The Sixteenth Annual International Sustainable Development Research Conference 30 May 1 June 2010 Conference Proceedings Hong Kong ISBN 978 988 18934 1 3 Archived from the original PDF on 20 July 2014 Retrieved July 2 2014 Mallari Delfin T Jr July 12 2013 Sierra Madre tribe asks Congress to stop Laiban dam Philippine Daily Inquirer Makati City Philippine Daily Inquirer Inc Retrieved July 2 2014 a b c d What You Need to Know About the Kaliwa Dam Project SPOT PH a b c Frequently Asked Questions METROPOLITAN WATERWORKS AND SEWERAGE SYSTEM Archived from the original on 2020 11 18 Retrieved 2021 06 21 Guido Edson Joseph de los Reyes Che 2017 The best of times Data debunk Marcos s economic golden years ABSCBN News and Public Affairs Martial law costly lessons in economic development GMA News Online 21 September 2009 Punongbayan JC 11 September 2017 Marcos plundered to protect the economy Makes no economic sense Rappler Ortigas Center Pasig Magno Alexander R ed 1998 Democracy at the Crossroads Kasaysayan The Story of the Filipino People Volume 9 A Nation Reborn Hong Kong Asia Publishing Company Limited IN THE KNOW The New Centennial Water Source Project Philippine Daily Inquirer March 14 2019 Retrieved 2019 08 20 Japanese firm renews proposal on Kaliwa Dam project www pna gov ph China will make Philippines dam a reality after four decades of protest South China Morning Post 2018 12 09 Retrieved 2018 12 10 Smith Sandy June 23 2014 New Starts Closing 6 Blocks in D C Planning K C Streetcars From Afar Manila s New Water Supply nextcity org Next City Retrieved June 30 2014 a b bw mark 7 November 2018 Integrated PPP vs Hybrid PPP The case of Kaliwa Dam BusinessWorld BusinessWorld The most trusted source of Philippine business news and analysis Retrieved 2020 08 18 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY FOR THE PUBLIC ESP New Centennial Water Source NCWS Kaliwa Dam Project PDF Environmental Impact Assessment and Management Division Environmental Management Bureau Government of the Republic of the Philippines 2014 Archived from the original PDF on 2021 01 22 a b c d Camba Alvin 2021 06 15 How Duterte Strong Armed Chinese Dam Builders But Weakened Philippine Institutions Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Archived from the original on 2021 06 15 Retrieved 2021 06 18 Chavez Leilani 2019 11 05 A Philippine tribe that defeated a dam prepares to fight its reincarnation Mongabay Environmental News Retrieved 2019 12 31 Coalition rejects China funded Kaliwa Dam project Retrieved 2019 08 20 Analysis Two of China s Belt and Road projects reveal a flaw in the G 7 s new global financing plan Washington Post ISSN 0190 8286 Retrieved 2021 07 03 a b Water outage in Metro Manila expected to end as Philippines China dam project breaks ground The Star Retrieved 2021 07 03 TUNNEL BORING MACHINE TBM FOR THE KALIWA DAM PROJECT READY TO ROLL METROPOLITAN WATERWORKS AND SEWERAGE SYSTEM Retrieved 2021 07 03 Kaliwa Dam excavation to start in December The Manila Bulletin 2021 06 07 Archived from the original on 2021 06 06 Retrieved 2021 06 18 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Proposed dams in the Kaliwa River watershed amp oldid 1183195704, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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