The KBC Void (or Local Hole) is an immense, comparatively empty region of space, named after astronomers Ryan Keenan, Amy Barger, and Lennox Cowie, who studied it in 2013.[1] The existence of a local underdensity has been the subject of many pieces of literature and research articles.[2][3][4]
The underdensity is proposed to be roughly spherical, approximately 2 billion light-years (600 megaparsecs, Mpc) in diameter. As with other voids, it is not completely empty but contains the Milky Way, the Local Group, and the larger part of the Laniakea Supercluster. The Milky Way is within a few hundred million light-years of the void's center.[5]
It is debated whether the existence of the KBC void is consistent with the ΛCDM model. While Haslbauer et al. say that voids as large as the KBC void are inconsistent with ΛCDM,[6] Sahlén et al. argue that the existence of supervoids such as the KBC void is consistent with ΛCDM.[7] Galaxies inside a void experience a gravitational pull from outside the void, which yields a larger local value for the Hubble constant, a cosmological measure of how fast the universe expands. Some authors have proposed the structure as the cause of the discrepancy between measurements of the Hubble constant using galactic supernovae and Cepheid variables (72–75 km/s/Mpc) and from the cosmic microwave background and baryon acoustic oscillation data (67–68 km/s/Mpc).[8]
Other work has found no evidence for this in observations, finding the scale of the claimed underdensity to be incompatible with observations which extend beyond its radius.[9] Important deficiencies were subsequently pointed out in this analysis, leaving open the possibility that the Hubble tension is indeed caused by outflow from the KBC void, albeit in the context of MOND gravity rather than general relativity.[6]
^Keenan, Ryan C.; Barger, Amy J.; Cowie, Lennox L. (2013). "Evidence for a ~300 Mpc Scale Under-density in the Local Galaxy Distribution". The Astrophysical Journal. 775 (1): 62. arXiv:1304.2884. Bibcode:2013ApJ...775...62K. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/775/1/62. S2CID 118433293.
^Busswell, G. S.; Shanks, T.; W. J. Frith, P. J. O.; Metcalfe, N.; Fong, R. (2004-11-11). "The local hole in the galaxy distribution: new optical evidence". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 354 (4): 991–1004. arXiv:astro-ph/0302330. Bibcode:2004MNRAS.354..991B. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.08217.x. ISSN 0035-8711. S2CID 18260737.
^Frith, W. J.; Busswell, G. S.; Fong, R.; Metcalfe, N.; Shanks, T. (November 2003). "The local hole in the galaxy distribution: evidence from 2MASS". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 345 (3): 1049–1056. arXiv:astro-ph/0302331. Bibcode:2003MNRAS.345.1049F. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.07027.x. S2CID 2115068.
^Wong, Jonathan H W; Shanks, T; Metcalfe, N; Whitbourn, J R (2022-03-02). "The local hole: a galaxy underdensity covering 90 per cent of sky to ≈200 Mpc". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Oxford University Press (OUP). 511 (4): 5742–5755. doi:10.1093/mnras/stac396. ISSN 0035-8711.
^Siegel, Ethan. "We're Way Below Average! Astronomers Say Milky Way Resides In A Great Cosmic Void". Forbes. Retrieved 2017-06-09.
^ abHaslbauer, M; Banik, I; Kroupa, P (2020-12-21). "The KBC void and Hubble tension contradict LCDM on a Gpc scale – Milgromian dynamics as a possible solution". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 499 (2): 2845–2883. arXiv:2009.11292. Bibcode:2020MNRAS.499.2845H. doi:10.1093/mnras/staa2348. ISSN 0035-8711.
^Sahlén, Martin; Zubeldía, Íñigo; Silk, Joseph (2016). "Cluster–Void Degeneracy Breaking: Dark Energy, Planck, and the Largest Cluster and Void". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 820 (1): L7. arXiv:1511.04075. Bibcode:2016ApJ...820L...7S. doi:10.3847/2041-8205/820/1/L7. ISSN 2041-8205. S2CID 119286482.
^Shanks, T; Hogarth, L M; Metcalfe, N (2019-03-21). "Gaia Cepheid parallaxes and 'Local Hole' relieve H 0 tension". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters. 484 (1): L64–L68. arXiv:1810.02595. Bibcode:2019MNRAS.484L..64S. doi:10.1093/mnrasl/sly239. ISSN 1745-3925.
^Kenworthy, W. D’Arcy; Scolnic, Dan; Riess, Adam (2019-04-24). "The Local Perspective on the Hubble Tension: Local Structure Does Not Impact Measurement of the Hubble Constant". The Astrophysical Journal. 875 (2): 145. arXiv:1901.08681. Bibcode:2019ApJ...875..145K. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab0ebf. ISSN 1538-4357. S2CID 119095484.
Further readingedit
Hoscheit, Benjamin L.; Barger, Amy J. (2018-02-09). "The KBC Void: Consistency with Supernovae Type Ia and the Kinematic SZ Effect in a ΛLTB Model". The Astrophysical Journal. 854 (1): 46. arXiv:1801.01890. Bibcode:2018ApJ...854...46H. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aaa59b. S2CID 119220508.
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The KBC Void or Local Hole is an immense comparatively empty region of space named after astronomers Ryan Keenan Amy Barger and Lennox Cowie who studied it in 2013 1 The existence of a local underdensity has been the subject of many pieces of literature and research articles 2 3 4 The underdensity is proposed to be roughly spherical approximately 2 billion light years 600 megaparsecs Mpc in diameter As with other voids it is not completely empty but contains the Milky Way the Local Group and the larger part of the Laniakea Supercluster The Milky Way is within a few hundred million light years of the void s center 5 It is debated whether the existence of the KBC void is consistent with the LCDM model While Haslbauer et al say that voids as large as the KBC void are inconsistent with LCDM 6 Sahlen et al argue that the existence of supervoids such as the KBC void is consistent with LCDM 7 Galaxies inside a void experience a gravitational pull from outside the void which yields a larger local value for the Hubble constant a cosmological measure of how fast the universe expands Some authors have proposed the structure as the cause of the discrepancy between measurements of the Hubble constant using galactic supernovae and Cepheid variables 72 75 km s Mpc and from the cosmic microwave background and baryon acoustic oscillation data 67 68 km s Mpc 8 Other work has found no evidence for this in observations finding the scale of the claimed underdensity to be incompatible with observations which extend beyond its radius 9 Important deficiencies were subsequently pointed out in this analysis leaving open the possibility that the Hubble tension is indeed caused by outflow from the KBC void albeit in the context of MOND gravity rather than general relativity 6 See also editVoid astronomy Giant Void Local Void Observable universe List of largest voids Hubble bubble astronomy Northern Local Supervoid Southern Local SupervoidReferences edit Keenan Ryan C Barger Amy J Cowie Lennox L 2013 Evidence for a 300 Mpc Scale Under density in the Local Galaxy Distribution The Astrophysical Journal 775 1 62 arXiv 1304 2884 Bibcode 2013ApJ 775 62K doi 10 1088 0004 637X 775 1 62 S2CID 118433293 Busswell G S Shanks T W J Frith P J O Metcalfe N Fong R 2004 11 11 The local hole in the galaxy distribution new optical evidence Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 354 4 991 1004 arXiv astro ph 0302330 Bibcode 2004MNRAS 354 991B doi 10 1111 j 1365 2966 2004 08217 x ISSN 0035 8711 S2CID 18260737 Frith W J Busswell G S Fong R Metcalfe N Shanks T November 2003 The local hole in the galaxy distribution evidence from 2MASS Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 345 3 1049 1056 arXiv astro ph 0302331 Bibcode 2003MNRAS 345 1049F doi 10 1046 j 1365 8711 2003 07027 x S2CID 2115068 Wong Jonathan H W Shanks T Metcalfe N Whitbourn J R 2022 03 02 The local hole a galaxy underdensity covering 90 per cent of sky to 200 Mpc Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Oxford University Press OUP 511 4 5742 5755 doi 10 1093 mnras stac396 ISSN 0035 8711 Siegel Ethan We re Way Below Average Astronomers Say Milky Way Resides In A Great Cosmic Void Forbes Retrieved 2017 06 09 a b Haslbauer M Banik I Kroupa P 2020 12 21 The KBC void and Hubble tension contradict LCDM on a Gpc scale Milgromian dynamics as a possible solution Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 499 2 2845 2883 arXiv 2009 11292 Bibcode 2020MNRAS 499 2845H doi 10 1093 mnras staa2348 ISSN 0035 8711 Sahlen Martin Zubeldia Inigo Silk Joseph 2016 Cluster Void Degeneracy Breaking Dark Energy Planck and the Largest Cluster and Void The Astrophysical Journal Letters 820 1 L7 arXiv 1511 04075 Bibcode 2016ApJ 820L 7S doi 10 3847 2041 8205 820 1 L7 ISSN 2041 8205 S2CID 119286482 Shanks T Hogarth L M Metcalfe N 2019 03 21 Gaia Cepheid parallaxes and Local Hole relieve H 0 tension Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Letters 484 1 L64 L68 arXiv 1810 02595 Bibcode 2019MNRAS 484L 64S doi 10 1093 mnrasl sly239 ISSN 1745 3925 Kenworthy W D Arcy Scolnic Dan Riess Adam 2019 04 24 The Local Perspective on the Hubble Tension Local Structure Does Not Impact Measurement of the Hubble Constant The Astrophysical Journal 875 2 145 arXiv 1901 08681 Bibcode 2019ApJ 875 145K doi 10 3847 1538 4357 ab0ebf ISSN 1538 4357 S2CID 119095484 Further reading editHoscheit Benjamin L Barger Amy J 2018 02 09 The KBC Void Consistency with Supernovae Type Ia and the Kinematic SZ Effect in a LLTB Model The Astrophysical Journal 854 1 46 arXiv 1801 01890 Bibcode 2018ApJ 854 46H doi 10 3847 1538 4357 aaa59b S2CID 119220508 Portals nbsp Astronomy nbsp Stars nbsp Spaceflight nbsp Outer space nbsp Solar System Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Local Hole amp oldid 1189358535, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
