Contemporary German depiction of the Juye Incident.Bloodstained undershirt of Franz Xaver Nies.Roadside marker at the site of the incident.
The mission compound where the incident took place was located in Zhang Jia Village (simplified Chinese: 张家庄; traditional Chinese: 張家莊; pinyin: Zhāng Jiā Zhuāng, spelled "Tshantyachuang" in writings by Georg M. Stenz),[2] about 10 km northeast of the town of Juye and about 25 km northwest of the city of Jining. Georg M. Stenz was the priest stationed in Zhang Jia Village and the other two missionaries, Henle and Nies, had come to visit him.[3] Stenz describes the events of the incident as follows:[4] Before they went to bed shortly before midnight, the missionaries had practiced the Requiem Mass (Miseremini mei) for the following All Souls' Day. Stenz had given his room to his guests for the night and had moved into a vacant porter's room himself. Believing the area to be quiet, the missionaries did not take any precautions and Stenz left the door to his room unlocked. A band of twenty to thirty armed men[5] broke into the mission compound shortly after the missionaries had gone to bed. They broke the door to the room where Henle and Nies were staying and killed the two missionaries. Both victims were found to have suffered numerous wounds from stabbing and both were dead shortly before midnight. The attackers searched for Stenz, but could not find him. They retreated when the local Chinese Christians arrived at the scene to help. It is not certain who committed the killings, but it is most commonly assumed that the attack was launched by members of the Big Swords Society.[6] Stenz blamed the attack on the warden of a neighboring village (Cao Jia Zhuang, spelled "Tsaotyachuang" by Stenz and located about 10 km to the south of Zhang Jia Village) and believed that the attack was rooted in a dispute between the warden and comparatively wealthy relatives who had converted to Christianity and had therefore refused to pay for local temple feasts.[7]
Less than two weeks after the Juye Incident, the German Empire used the murders of the missionaries as a pretext to seize Jiaozhou Bay on Shandong's southern coast. Under German threats, the Qing government was also forced to remove many Shandong officials (including governor Li Bingheng) from their posts and to build three Catholic churches in the area (in Jining, Caozhou, and Juye) at its own expense.[8] The mission that had been attacked also received 3,000 taels of silver in compensation for stolen or damaged property, and received the right to construct seven fortified residences in the area, also at government expense.[9] This settlement strengthened missionary work in southern Shandong province and was part of the events that led to the Boxer Uprising (1899–1900), a movement directed against the Christian and foreign presence in northern China.[10] Imitating Germany, other powers (Russia, Britain, France, and Japan) began "a scramble for concessions" to secure their own spheres of influence in China.[11]
Historian Paul Cohen has called the Juye incident "the opening wedge in a process of greatly intensified imperialist activity in China"[12] and Joseph W. Esherick comments that the Juye killings "set off a chain of events which radically altered the course of Chinese history."[13]
Clark, Anthony E. (2011), China's Saints: Catholic Martyrdom During the Qing (1644–1911), Lexington Books.
Cohen, Paul (1997), History in Three Keys: The Boxers as Event, Experience, and Myth, New York: Columbia University Press, ISBN0-231-10651-3.
Esherick, Joseph W. (1987), The Origins of the Boxer Uprising, Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, ISBN0-520-06459-3.
Stenz, Georg-Maria (1915), Life of Father Richard Henle, S.V.D. missionary in China : assassinated November 1, 1897, Techny, IL: Mission Press, S.V.D.
Tiedemann, R. G. (2007a), "The Church Militant: Armed Conflicts between Christians and Boxers in North China", in Robert Bickers; R.G. Tiedemann (eds.), The Boxers, China, and the World, Plymouth: Rowman & Littlefield, pp. 17–41, ISBN978-0-7425-5395-8.
Further reading
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Juye Incident.
Catholic Cyclopaedia: Chinese Martyrs
Tiedemann, R. G. (2007b). "Not Every Martyr is a Saint! The Juye Missionary Case of 1897 Reconsidered." In Noel Golvers and Sara Lievens (eds.), A lifelong dedication to the China mission: essays presented in honor of Father Jeroom Heyndrickx, CICM, on the occasion of his 75th birthday and the 25th anniversary of the F. Verbiest Institute, K.U. Leuven. Leuven Chinese studies, 17. Leuven, Belgium: Ferdinand Verbiest Institute, K.U. Leuven. ISBN978-90-801833-8-4, ISBN90-801833-8-5.
July 19, 2023
juye, incident, chinese, 曹州敎案, 鉅野敎案, pinyin, cáozhōu, jiào, jùyě, jiào, german, juye, vorfall, refers, killing, german, catholic, missionaries, richard, henle, franz, xaver, nies, society, divine, word, juye, county, shandong, province, china, night, november,. The Juye Incident Chinese 曹州敎案 or 鉅野敎案 pinyin Caozhōu Jiao an or Juye Jiao an German Juye Vorfall refers to the killing of two German Catholic missionaries Richard Henle and Franz Xaver Nies of the Society of the Divine Word in Juye County Shandong Province China in the night of 1 2 November 1897 All Saints Day to All Souls Day 1 A third missionary Georg Maria Stenz survived the attack unharmed Contemporary German depiction of the Juye Incident Bloodstained undershirt of Franz Xaver Nies Roadside marker at the site of the incident The mission compound where the incident took place was located in Zhang Jia Village simplified Chinese 张家庄 traditional Chinese 張家莊 pinyin Zhang Jia Zhuang spelled Tshantyachuang in writings by Georg M Stenz 2 about 10 km northeast of the town of Juye and about 25 km northwest of the city of Jining Georg M Stenz was the priest stationed in Zhang Jia Village and the other two missionaries Henle and Nies had come to visit him 3 Stenz describes the events of the incident as follows 4 Before they went to bed shortly before midnight the missionaries had practiced the Requiem Mass Miseremini mei for the following All Souls Day Stenz had given his room to his guests for the night and had moved into a vacant porter s room himself Believing the area to be quiet the missionaries did not take any precautions and Stenz left the door to his room unlocked A band of twenty to thirty armed men 5 broke into the mission compound shortly after the missionaries had gone to bed They broke the door to the room where Henle and Nies were staying and killed the two missionaries Both victims were found to have suffered numerous wounds from stabbing and both were dead shortly before midnight The attackers searched for Stenz but could not find him They retreated when the local Chinese Christians arrived at the scene to help It is not certain who committed the killings but it is most commonly assumed that the attack was launched by members of the Big Swords Society 6 Stenz blamed the attack on the warden of a neighboring village Cao Jia Zhuang spelled Tsaotyachuang by Stenz and located about 10 km to the south of Zhang Jia Village and believed that the attack was rooted in a dispute between the warden and comparatively wealthy relatives who had converted to Christianity and had therefore refused to pay for local temple feasts 7 Less than two weeks after the Juye Incident the German Empire used the murders of the missionaries as a pretext to seize Jiaozhou Bay on Shandong s southern coast Under German threats the Qing government was also forced to remove many Shandong officials including governor Li Bingheng from their posts and to build three Catholic churches in the area in Jining Caozhou and Juye at its own expense 8 The mission that had been attacked also received 3 000 taels of silver in compensation for stolen or damaged property and received the right to construct seven fortified residences in the area also at government expense 9 This settlement strengthened missionary work in southern Shandong province and was part of the events that led to the Boxer Uprising 1899 1900 a movement directed against the Christian and foreign presence in northern China 10 Imitating Germany other powers Russia Britain France and Japan began a scramble for concessions to secure their own spheres of influence in China 11 Historian Paul Cohen has called the Juye incident the opening wedge in a process of greatly intensified imperialist activity in China 12 and Joseph W Esherick comments that the Juye killings set off a chain of events which radically altered the course of Chinese history 13 Notes Edit Esherick 1987 p 123 Stenz 1915 Stenz 1915 Stenz 1915 Esherick 1987 Clark 2011 p 52 Stenz 1915 Esherick 1987 p 131 Tiedemann 2007a pp 27 28 Esherick 1987 pp 134 35 Cohen 1997 p 21 Esherick 1987 pp 129 30 Cohen 1997 p 21 Esherick 1987 p 123 Bibliography EditClark Anthony E 2011 China s Saints Catholic Martyrdom During the Qing 1644 1911 Lexington Books Cohen Paul 1997 History in Three Keys The Boxers as Event Experience and Myth New York Columbia University Press ISBN 0 231 10651 3 Esherick Joseph W 1987 The Origins of the Boxer Uprising Berkeley and Los Angeles University of California Press ISBN 0 520 06459 3 Stenz Georg Maria 1915 Life of Father Richard Henle S V D missionary in China assassinated November 1 1897 Techny IL Mission Press S V D Tiedemann R G 2007a The Church Militant Armed Conflicts between Christians and Boxers in North China in Robert Bickers R G Tiedemann eds The Boxers China and the World Plymouth Rowman amp Littlefield pp 17 41 ISBN 978 0 7425 5395 8 Further reading Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Juye Incident Catholic Cyclopaedia Chinese Martyrs Tiedemann R G 2007b Not Every Martyr is a Saint The Juye Missionary Case of 1897 Reconsidered In Noel Golvers and Sara Lievens eds A lifelong dedication to the China mission essays presented in honor of Father Jeroom Heyndrickx CICM on the occasion of his 75th birthday and the 25th anniversary of the F Verbiest Institute K U Leuven Leuven Chinese studies 17 Leuven Belgium Ferdinand Verbiest Institute K U Leuven ISBN 978 90 801833 8 4 ISBN 90 801833 8 5 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Juye Incident amp oldid 1148705336, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
