A juridical person is a human legal person that is not a single natural person but an organization recognized by law as a fictitious person such as a corporation, government agency, non-governmental organisation, or international organization (such as the United Nations). Other terms include artificial person, corporate person, judicial person, juridical entity, juridic person, or juristic person. A juridical person maintains certain duties and rights as enumerated under relevant laws.[1][2] The rights and responsibilities of a juridical person are distinct from those of the natural persons constituting it.
Since the beginning of writing at the start of recorded history, associations have been known as the original form of the juridical person. This is documented for the 1st century A.D. for Jewish trading companies.[clarification needed] In Roman law, entities gained significance through institutions such as the state, communities, corporations (universitates) and their associations of persons and assets, as well as associations. At least three persons were required in Rome to found an association.
The term juridical person ("pessoa jurídica" in Portuguese) is used in legal science for designating an entity with rights and liabilities which also has legal personality. Its regulations are largely based on Brazil's Civil Code, where it is distinctly recognized and defined, among other normative documents.
Brazilian law recognizes any association or abstract entity as a juridical person, but a registry is required through a Constitutional Document, with specifications depending on the category of Juridical Person and local law of state and city.
Chinaedit
For a typical example of the concept of legal person in a civil law jurisdiction, under the General Principles of Civil Law of the People's Republic of China, Chapter III, Article 36., "A legal person shall be an organization that has capacity for civil rights and capacity for civil conduct and independently enjoys civil rights and assumes civil obligations in accordance with the law."[3] Note however that the term civil right means something altogether different in civil law jurisdictions than in common law jurisdictions.
Germanyedit
Article 19(3) of the German Constitution sets forth: "Fundamental rights shall also apply to domestic artificial persons insofar as the nature of such rights shall permit."[4]
Italyedit
In Italy trade unions have juridical personality, as stated in Article 39, Paragraph 4 of the Constitution:
Registered trade unions are juridical persons. They may, through a unified representation that is proportional to their membership, enter into collective labour agreements that have a mandatory effect for all persons belonging to the categories referred to in the agreement.
^Garner, Bryan A.; Black, Henry Campbell (2015). Black's law dictionary. ISBN9780314642721. OCLC 908072409.
^"What is JURIDICAL PERSON? definition of JURIDICAL PERSON (Black's Law Dictionary)". The Law Dictionary. 19 October 2012.
^Gary J. Dernelle. "DIRECT FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND CONTRACTUAL RELATIONS IN THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA." DePaul Business Law Journal, Spring/Summer 1994. (6 DePaul Bus. L.J. 331)
^(PDF). The official website of the Presidency of the Italian Republic. Archived from the original on 27 November 2016.
December 02, 2023
juridical, person, concept, catholic, canon, person, catholic, canon, juridic, persons, juridical, person, human, legal, person, that, single, natural, person, organization, recognized, fictitious, person, such, corporation, government, agency, governmental, o. For concept in Catholic canon law see Person Catholic canon law Juridic persons A juridical person is a human legal person that is not a single natural person but an organization recognized by law as a fictitious person such as a corporation government agency non governmental organisation or international organization such as the United Nations Other terms include artificial person corporate person judicial person juridical entity juridic person or juristic person A juridical person maintains certain duties and rights as enumerated under relevant laws 1 2 The rights and responsibilities of a juridical person are distinct from those of the natural persons constituting it Since the beginning of writing at the start of recorded history associations have been known as the original form of the juridical person This is documented for the 1st century A D for Jewish trading companies clarification needed In Roman law entities gained significance through institutions such as the state communities corporations universitates and their associations of persons and assets as well as associations At least three persons were required in Rome to found an association Contents 1 By country 1 1 Brazil 1 2 China 1 3 Germany 1 4 Italy 2 See also 3 ReferencesBy country editBrazil edit The term juridical person pessoa juridica in Portuguese is used in legal science for designating an entity with rights and liabilities which also has legal personality Its regulations are largely based on Brazil s Civil Code where it is distinctly recognized and defined among other normative documents Brazilian law recognizes any association or abstract entity as a juridical person but a registry is required through a Constitutional Document with specifications depending on the category of Juridical Person and local law of state and city China edit For a typical example of the concept of legal person in a civil law jurisdiction under the General Principles of Civil Law of the People s Republic of China Chapter III Article 36 A legal person shall be an organization that has capacity for civil rights and capacity for civil conduct and independently enjoys civil rights and assumes civil obligations in accordance with the law 3 Note however that the term civil right means something altogether different in civil law jurisdictions than in common law jurisdictions Germany edit Article 19 3 of the German Constitution sets forth Fundamental rights shall also apply to domestic artificial persons insofar as the nature of such rights shall permit 4 Italy edit In Italy trade unions have juridical personality as stated in Article 39 Paragraph 4 of the Constitution Registered trade unions are juridical persons They may through a unified representation that is proportional to their membership enter into collective labour agreements that have a mandatory effect for all persons belonging to the categories referred to in the agreement The Italian Constitution 5 See also editAlgorithmic entities Corporate personality Corporate personhood Environmental personhood Legal person Person Person Catholic canon law Juridic personsReferences edit Garner Bryan A Black Henry Campbell 2015 Black s law dictionary ISBN 9780314642721 OCLC 908072409 What is JURIDICAL PERSON definition of JURIDICAL PERSON Black s Law Dictionary The Law Dictionary 19 October 2012 Gary J Dernelle DIRECT FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND CONTRACTUAL RELATIONS IN THE PEOPLE S REPUBLIC OF CHINA DePaul Business Law Journal Spring Summer 1994 6 DePaul Bus L J 331 Basic Law Art 19 Abs 3 GG Retrieved 15 October 2014 The Italian Constitution PDF The official website of the Presidency of the Italian Republic Archived from the original on 27 November 2016 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Juridical person amp oldid 1181198866, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
