fbpx
Wikipedia

Juraj Jánošík

May 21, 2023

Juraj Jánošík (first name also Juro or Jurko, Slovak pronunciation: [ˈjuraj ˈjaːnɔʃiːk]; baptised 25 January 1688, died 17 March 1713) was a Slovak highwayman. Jánošík has been the main character of many Slovak novels, poems, and films. According to the legend, he robbed nobles and gave the loot to the poor, a deed often attributed to the famous Robin Hood. The legend is known in neighboring Poland (under the name Jerzy Janoszik also Janosik, Janiczek or Janicek[1]) and the Czech Republic. The actual robber had little to do with the modern legend, whose content partly reflects the ubiquitous folk myths of a hero taking from the rich and giving to the poor. However, the legend was also shaped in important ways by the activists and writers in the 19th century when Jánošík became the key highwayman character in stories that spread in the north counties of the Kingdom of Hungary (much in present Slovakia) and among the local Gorals inhabitants of the Podhale region north of the Tatras. The image of Jánošík as a symbol of resistance to oppression was reinforced when poems about him became part of the Slovak and Czech middle and high school literature curriculum, and then again with the numerous films that propagated his modern legend in the 20th century. During the anti-Nazi Slovak National Uprising, one of the partisan groups bore his name.

Juraj Jánošík
Wood engraving by Władysław Skoczylas, which reads (in Polish), "The name of Janosik will never perish".
BornJanuary 1688
Terchová, Slovakia
Died17 March 1713 (aged 25)
Liptovský Mikuláš, Slovakia
Cause of deathExecution
NationalitySlovak
Other namesJuro Jánošík, Jurko Jánošík, Jerzy Janosik, Jánosik György
Occupation(s)soldier, prison guard, highwayman
Known forSlovak folk hero

Biography

 
The page No. 39 of the protocol from the trial with Juraj Jánošík. It is archived under the title Fassio Janosikiana, anno 1713 die 16 mensis Martii. Jánošík is called here "agili Georgius Janošík Tyarchoviensis latronum et praedorum antesignatus" - cautious (or agile) Juro Jánošík from the Ťarchová, the chief of the thieves and outlaws.[2]

Jánošík was born on January 25, 1688, and baptised shortly after. His parents were Martin Jánošík and Anna Čišníková from Terchová. His godparents were Jakub Merjad and Barbara Krištofíková.

He grew up in the village of Terchová in the Habsburg monarchy's Kingdom of Hungary area (present-day Žilina District in northwestern Slovakia). He fought with the Kuruc insurgents when he was fifteen. After the lost Battle of Trenčín, Jánošík was recruited by the Habsburg army.[3] In autumn 1710, as a young prison guard in Bytča, he helped the imprisoned Tomáš Uhorčík escape.[4] They formed a highwayman group and Jánošík became its leader at the age of 23, after Uhorčík left to settle in Klenovec.[5] The group was active mostly in northwestern Kingdom of Hungary (today's Slovakia), around the Váh river between Važec and Východná,[6] but the territory of their activity extended also to other parts of today's Slovakia, as well as to Poland and Moravia.[3] Most of their victims were rich merchants. Under Jánošík's leadership, the group was exceptionally chivalrous: they did not kill any of the robbed victims and even helped an accidentally injured priest.[6] They are also said to have shared their loot with the poor and this part of the legend may be based on the facts too.[6]

Jánošík was captured in autumn 1712 and detained at the Mansion of Hrachovo, but was released soon afterwards.[7] He was captured again in spring of 1713, in the Uhorčík's residence in Klenovec (Klenóc).[2][8] Uhorčík lived there under the false name Martin Mravec at that time. According to a widespread legend, he was caught in a pub run by Tomáš Uhorčík, after slipping on spilled peas, thrown in his way by a treacherous old lady. Jánošík was imprisoned and tried in Liptovský Svätý Mikuláš, (present Liptovský Mikuláš).

His trial took place on 16 and 17 March 1713, when he was sentenced to death. The date of his execution was not recorded, but it was customary to carry it out as soon as the trial was over. The manner of his execution, not in public awareness until the early 19th century, became part of his modern legend. A hook was pierced through his left side and he was left dangling on the gallows to die. This brutal way of execution was reserved for leaders of robber bands.[6] However, sources diverge about how he was executed, and it is also possible that Jánošík was hanged.[2] A legend says that he refused the coup de grâce offered in exchange for naming his associates with the words: "If you have baked me so you should also eat me!" and jumped on the hook.[9]

Other members of Jánošík's group

Jánošík in film

Jánošík in literature

  • 1785 Slovak – Anon., "An Excellent Sermon by a Certain Preacher in the Days of the Chief Highwayman Jánošík." Staré nowiny liternjho uměnj, May 1785.
  • 1809 Slovak – Bohuslav Tablic, "Jánošík, the Highwayman of Liptov County." Slowensstj Werssowcy. Collecta revirescunt. Swazek druhý.
  • 1814 Slovak – Pavol Jozef Šafárik, "Celebrating Slavic Lads." Tatranská Můza s ljrau Slowanskau.
  • 1829 Slovak lower nobleman in German – Johann Csaplovics, "Robbers." Gemälde von Ungern.
  • 1845 Slovak lower nobleman – Štefan Marko Daxner, "Jánošík's Treasure." Orol Tatránski.
  • 1846 Slovak – Ján Botto, "Jánošík's Song." Holubica, Zábavník Levočskích Slovákou.
  • 1846 Slovak – Samo Chalupka, "Jánošík's Contemplation." Orol Tatránski.
  • 1862 Ján Botto, "The Death of Jánošík. A Romance." Lipa. — A key poem in Slovak literature and culture.
  • 1867 Slovak lower nobleman – Jonáš Záborský, Jánošík's Dinner. A Play in Four Acts With an Historical Background. A supplement to the journal Sokol.
  • 1875 Hungarian – "Jánosik and a Snitch." Nyitramegyei Szemle.
  • 1884 Polish – August Wrześniowski, "A Story About Janosik." Pamięci Towarzystwa Tatrzańskiego.
  • 1884 Czech – Alois Jirásek, "About Jánošík." Staré pověsti české.
  • 1893 American in Slovak – Dobrý Slovák, Jánošík, the Lad of Freedom: A Legend of Times Gone By.
  • 1894 American in Slovak – Gustáv Maršall-Petrovský, Jánošík, Captain of Mountain Lads – His Tumultuous Life and Horrific Death. A Novel. — A source of the screenplay for the 1921 Slovak film Jánošík.
  • 1900 American – George J. Krajsa, Janosik.
  • 1910 Czech – Jiří Mahen, Jánošík. — A play, a source of the screenplay for the 1921 Slovak film Jánošík.
  • 1933 Slovak – Ján Hrušovský, "Jánošík." Slovenská politika. — Narrative newspaper strips published later as a novel.
  • 1943 Slovak – Mária Rázusová-Martáková, Jánošík: A Rhymed Play in Five Acts.
  • 1947 Polish – Stanisław Nedza-Kubiniec, Janosik: A Poem About the Highwayman who Wanted to Make the World Equal.
  • 1955 Slovak – Mária Rázusová-Martáková, Tales about Jánošík.
  • 1958 Polish – Jalu Kurek, Janosik...
  • 1964 German – Käthe Altwallstädt, "Janosik and the Students." Die blaue Rose: Märchen aus Polen.
  • 1969 Polish – Katarzyna Gaertner, music, and Ernest Bryll, lyrics, Painted on Glass. — A musical whose Bratislava production had the longest run in the history of Slovak theater.
  • 1970 Slovak – Stanislav Štepka, Jááánošííík. — A spoof and the Slovak play with the longest run.
  • 1972 Polish – Tadeusz Kwiatkowski, Janosik. — A graphic novel.
  • 1972 Serbian in Slovak – Štefan Gráf, Jur Jánošiak. — Parallel publication in Serbia (Yugoslavia) and Slovakia (Czechoslovakia).
  • 1979 Slovak – Ľubomír Feldek, Jánošík According to Vivaldi. — A spoof play.
  • 1980 Slovak – Margita Figuli, A Ballad of Jur Jánošík.
  • 1980 Slovak – Ladislav Ťažký, Jánošík's Tear.
  • 1985 American – John H. Hausner, "Jánošík, We Remember!" And Other Poems.
  • 1993 Ukrainian in Polish – Василь Іванович Сави, Яносик, польська народна казка. — A picture book.
  • 1994 Slovak – Anton Marec, Jánošík, Jánošík... (33 Legends About the Famous Highwayman Commander.)
  • 2018 American in English; "Odesseus Ascendant", one of the stealthy rogue class destroyers featured prominently is named the Jánošík and captained by a native Slovak.

See also

  • Robin Hood - an English semi-legendary character
  • Harnaś - a Slavic title given to a commander of mountains footpad units.

Notes

  1. ^ "Tygodnik illustrowany: Pismo obejmujące ważniejsze wypadki spółczesne, życiorysy znakomitych ludzi, zabytki i pamiątki krajowe, podróże, powieści i poezye, sprawozdania z dziedziny sztuk pięknych, piśmiennictwa, nauk przyrodniczych, rolnictwa, przemysłu i wynalazków, szkice obyczajowe i humanistyczne, typy ludowe, ubiory i kostiumy, archeologię i.t.d". 1871.
  2. ^ a b c (in Czech). www.ilcik.cz. Archived from the original on 2 December 2008. Retrieved 8 January 2009.
  3. ^ a b Juraj Jánošík osobnosti.sk | životopisy, diela, tvorba, články, linky
  4. ^ Kočiš (1986), p. 47 (in Slovak)
  5. ^ Kočiš (1986), p. 50 (in Slovak)
  6. ^ a b c d Odpočíva Jánošík na dne Liptovskej Mary? Aktuality Terchová | terchova-info.sk
  7. ^ Kočiš (1986), p. 53 (in Slovak)
  8. ^ Kočiš (1986), p. 56 (in Slovak)
  9. ^ About Janosik
  10. ^ Martin Votruba, Historical and Cultural Background of Slovak Filmmaking

References

  • Kočiš, Jozef (1986). Neznámy Jánošík (in Slovak). Martin: Vydavatel´stvo Osveta. - contains also list of published literature, German, French, Russian and Hungarian résumé.
  • Melicherčík, Andrej (1963). Juraj Jánošík, hrdina protifeudálného odboja slovenského l´udu (in Slovak). Martin.

External links

  • Janosik, The Slovak Robin Hood In the Light of Documentary Evidence and Popular Legend
  • (in Slovak) Jánošík vo filme
  • (in Slovak) Juraj JÁNOŠÍK
See also: Jánošík
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Juraj Jánošík.

May 21, 2023
juraj, jánošík, first, name, also, juro, jurko, slovak, pronunciation, ˈjuraj, ˈjaːnɔʃiːk, baptised, january, 1688, died, march, 1713, slovak, highwayman, jánošík, been, main, character, many, slovak, novels, poems, films, according, legend, robbed, nobles, ga. Juraj Janosik first name also Juro or Jurko Slovak pronunciation ˈjuraj ˈjaːnɔʃiːk baptised 25 January 1688 died 17 March 1713 was a Slovak highwayman Janosik has been the main character of many Slovak novels poems and films According to the legend he robbed nobles and gave the loot to the poor a deed often attributed to the famous Robin Hood The legend is known in neighboring Poland under the name Jerzy Janoszik also Janosik Janiczek or Janicek 1 and the Czech Republic The actual robber had little to do with the modern legend whose content partly reflects the ubiquitous folk myths of a hero taking from the rich and giving to the poor However the legend was also shaped in important ways by the activists and writers in the 19th century when Janosik became the key highwayman character in stories that spread in the north counties of the Kingdom of Hungary much in present Slovakia and among the local Gorals inhabitants of the Podhale region north of the Tatras The image of Janosik as a symbol of resistance to oppression was reinforced when poems about him became part of the Slovak and Czech middle and high school literature curriculum and then again with the numerous films that propagated his modern legend in the 20th century During the anti Nazi Slovak National Uprising one of the partisan groups bore his name Juraj JanosikWood engraving by Wladyslaw Skoczylas which reads in Polish The name of Janosik will never perish BornJanuary 1688Terchova SlovakiaDied17 March 1713 aged 25 Liptovsky Mikulas SlovakiaCause of deathExecutionNationalitySlovakOther namesJuro Janosik Jurko Janosik Jerzy Janosik Janosik GyorgyOccupation s soldier prison guard highwaymanKnown forSlovak folk hero Contents 1 Biography 2 Other members of Janosik s group 3 Janosik in film 4 Janosik in literature 5 See also 6 Notes 7 References 8 External linksBiography Edit The page No 39 of the protocol from the trial with Juraj Janosik It is archived under the title Fassio Janosikiana anno 1713 die 16 mensis Martii Janosik is called here agili Georgius Janosik Tyarchoviensis latronum et praedorum antesignatus cautious or agile Juro Janosik from the Tarchova the chief of the thieves and outlaws 2 Janosik was born on January 25 1688 and baptised shortly after His parents were Martin Janosik and Anna Cisnikova from Terchova His godparents were Jakub Merjad and Barbara Kristofikova He grew up in the village of Terchova in the Habsburg monarchy s Kingdom of Hungary area present day Zilina District in northwestern Slovakia He fought with the Kuruc insurgents when he was fifteen After the lost Battle of Trencin Janosik was recruited by the Habsburg army 3 In autumn 1710 as a young prison guard in Bytca he helped the imprisoned Tomas Uhorcik escape 4 They formed a highwayman group and Janosik became its leader at the age of 23 after Uhorcik left to settle in Klenovec 5 The group was active mostly in northwestern Kingdom of Hungary today s Slovakia around the Vah river between Vazec and Vychodna 6 but the territory of their activity extended also to other parts of today s Slovakia as well as to Poland and Moravia 3 Most of their victims were rich merchants Under Janosik s leadership the group was exceptionally chivalrous they did not kill any of the robbed victims and even helped an accidentally injured priest 6 They are also said to have shared their loot with the poor and this part of the legend may be based on the facts too 6 Janosik was captured in autumn 1712 and detained at the Mansion of Hrachovo but was released soon afterwards 7 He was captured again in spring of 1713 in the Uhorcik s residence in Klenovec Klenoc 2 8 Uhorcik lived there under the false name Martin Mravec at that time According to a widespread legend he was caught in a pub run by Tomas Uhorcik after slipping on spilled peas thrown in his way by a treacherous old lady Janosik was imprisoned and tried in Liptovsky Svaty Mikulas present Liptovsky Mikulas His trial took place on 16 and 17 March 1713 when he was sentenced to death The date of his execution was not recorded but it was customary to carry it out as soon as the trial was over The manner of his execution not in public awareness until the early 19th century became part of his modern legend A hook was pierced through his left side and he was left dangling on the gallows to die This brutal way of execution was reserved for leaders of robber bands 6 However sources diverge about how he was executed and it is also possible that Janosik was hanged 2 A legend says that he refused the coup de grace offered in exchange for naming his associates with the words If you have baked me so you should also eat me and jumped on the hook 9 Other members of Janosik s group EditVrabel and Hunciak also known as Huncaga so called Turiak from Staskov Jakub Chliastkov from Oscadnica Ondras from Dlha nad Kysucou Ondrej Kindis from Dlhe Pole Plavcik from Dunajov Pavol Bernatik from Nova Bystrica Kovalsky and Bagaj from Rakova Kovalicek Holubek and Valicek from Moravia Gavora Satora and Oresiak from PolandJanosik in film Edit1921 Janosik first Slovak feature film financed by Slovak American Tatra Film Co director Jaroslav Jerry Siakeľ Janosik Theodor Pistek Based on this film UNESCO registers Slovakia as the tenth national cinema in the world that began to produce feature films 10 1935 Janosik Slovak and Czech film director Martin Fric Janosik Paľo Bielik 1954 Janosik first Polish animation director Wlodzimierz Haupe and Halina Bielinska 1963 Janosik I and II Slovak film director Paľo Bielik Janosik Frantisek Kuchta 1974 Janosik Polish film director Jerzy Passendorfer Janosik Marek Perepeczko 1974 Janosik Polish 13 episode TV series director Jerzy Passendorfer Janosik Marek Perepeczko 1976 Highwayman Jurko Zbojnik Jurko Slovak animated film director Viktor Kubal 1991 Highwayman Jurosik Zbojnik Jurosik Slovak 28 episode animated TV series director Jaroslav Baran 2009 Janosik A True Story Janosik Pravdiva historia Janosik Prawdziwa historia Slovak Polish Czech coproduction director Agnieszka Holland and Katarzyna Adamik Janosik Vaclav Jiracek Janosik in literature Edit1785 Slovak Anon An Excellent Sermon by a Certain Preacher in the Days of the Chief Highwayman Janosik Stare nowiny liternjho umenj May 1785 1809 Slovak Bohuslav Tablic Janosik the Highwayman of Liptov County Slowensstj Werssowcy Collecta revirescunt Swazek druhy 1814 Slovak Pavol Jozef Safarik Celebrating Slavic Lads Tatranska Muza s ljrau Slowanskau 1829 Slovak lower nobleman in German Johann Csaplovics Robbers Gemalde von Ungern 1845 Slovak lower nobleman Stefan Marko Daxner Janosik s Treasure Orol Tatranski 1846 Slovak Jan Botto Janosik s Song Holubica Zabavnik Levocskich Slovakou 1846 Slovak Samo Chalupka Janosik s Contemplation Orol Tatranski 1862 Jan Botto The Death of Janosik A Romance Lipa A key poem in Slovak literature and culture 1867 Slovak lower nobleman Jonas Zaborsky Janosik s Dinner A Play in Four Acts With an Historical Background A supplement to the journal Sokol 1875 Hungarian Janosik and a Snitch Nyitramegyei Szemle 1884 Polish August Wrzesniowski A Story About Janosik Pamieci Towarzystwa Tatrzanskiego 1884 Czech Alois Jirasek About Janosik Stare povesti ceske 1893 American in Slovak Dobry Slovak Janosik the Lad of Freedom A Legend of Times Gone By 1894 American in Slovak Gustav Marsall Petrovsky Janosik Captain of Mountain Lads His Tumultuous Life and Horrific Death A Novel A source of the screenplay for the 1921 Slovak film Janosik 1900 American George J Krajsa Janosik 1910 Czech Jiri Mahen Janosik A play a source of the screenplay for the 1921 Slovak film Janosik 1933 Slovak Jan Hrusovsky Janosik Slovenska politika Narrative newspaper strips published later as a novel 1943 Slovak Maria Razusova Martakova Janosik A Rhymed Play in Five Acts 1947 Polish Stanislaw Nedza Kubiniec Janosik A Poem About the Highwayman who Wanted to Make the World Equal 1955 Slovak Maria Razusova Martakova Tales about Janosik 1958 Polish Jalu Kurek Janosik 1964 German Kathe Altwallstadt Janosik and the Students Die blaue Rose Marchen aus Polen 1969 Polish Katarzyna Gaertner music and Ernest Bryll lyrics Painted on Glass A musical whose Bratislava production had the longest run in the history of Slovak theater 1970 Slovak Stanislav Stepka Jaaanosiiik A spoof and the Slovak play with the longest run 1972 Polish Tadeusz Kwiatkowski Janosik A graphic novel 1972 Serbian in Slovak Stefan Graf Jur Janosiak Parallel publication in Serbia Yugoslavia and Slovakia Czechoslovakia 1979 Slovak Ľubomir Feldek Janosik According to Vivaldi A spoof play 1980 Slovak Margita Figuli A Ballad of Jur Janosik 1980 Slovak Ladislav Tazky Janosik s Tear 1985 American John H Hausner Janosik We Remember And Other Poems 1993 Ukrainian in Polish Vasil Ivanovich Savi Yanosik polska narodna kazka A picture book 1994 Slovak Anton Marec Janosik Janosik 33 Legends About the Famous Highwayman Commander 2018 American in English Odesseus Ascendant one of the stealthy rogue class destroyers featured prominently is named the Janosik and captained by a native Slovak See also EditRobin Hood an English semi legendary character Harnas a Slavic title given to a commander of mountains footpad units Notes Edit Tygodnik illustrowany Pismo obejmujace wazniejsze wypadki spolczesne zyciorysy znakomitych ludzi zabytki i pamiatki krajowe podroze powiesci i poezye sprawozdania z dziedziny sztuk pieknych pismiennictwa nauk przyrodniczych rolnictwa przemyslu i wynalazkow szkice obyczajowe i humanistyczne typy ludowe ubiory i kostiumy archeologie i t d 1871 a b c Jaka je pravda o Janosikovi a Ilcikovi in Czech www ilcik cz Archived from the original on 2 December 2008 Retrieved 8 January 2009 a b Juraj Janosik osobnosti sk zivotopisy diela tvorba clanky linky Kocis 1986 p 47 in Slovak Kocis 1986 p 50 in Slovak a b c d Odpociva Janosik na dne Liptovskej Mary Aktuality Terchova terchova info sk Kocis 1986 p 53 in Slovak Kocis 1986 p 56 in Slovak About Janosik Martin Votruba Historical and Cultural Background of Slovak FilmmakingReferences EditKocis Jozef 1986 Neznamy Janosik in Slovak Martin Vydavatel stvo Osveta contains also list of published literature German French Russian and Hungarian resume Melichercik Andrej 1963 Juraj Janosik hrdina protifeudalneho odboja slovenskeho l udu in Slovak Martin External links EditJanosik The Slovak Robin Hood In the Light of Documentary Evidence and Popular Legend in Slovak Janosik vo filme in Slovak Juraj JANOSIKSee also Janosik Wikimedia Commons has media related to Juraj Janosik Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Juraj Janosik amp oldid 1132748498, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.