Federal elections were held in Germany on 31 July 1932, following the premature dissolution of the Reichstag.[1] The Nazi Party made significant gains and became the largest party in the Reichstag for the first time, although they failed to win a majority. The Communist Party increased their vote share as well. All other parties combined held less than half the seats in the Reichstag, meaning no majority coalition government could be formed without including at least one of these two parties.
Since 1929, Germany had been suffering from the Great Depression; unemployment had risen from 8.5% to nearly 30% between 1929 and 1932,[2] while industrial production dropped by around 42%.[2] In March 1930, the governing grand coalition of the pro-republican parties–the Social Democratic Party (SPD), the Centre Party and both liberal parties–collapsed. PresidentPaul von Hindenburg appointed a minority government, headed by the Centre Party's Heinrich Brüning, which could only govern by using Hindenburg's emergency powers. The September 1930 elections produced a highly fragmented Reichstag, making the formation of a stable government impossible. The elections also saw the Nazi Party rise to national prominence,[2] gaining 95 seats.
Brüning's policies, implemented via presidential decree and tolerated by parliament, failed to solve the economic crisis and weakened the parliamentary system. In March 1932, the presidential elections began as a three-way race between the incumbent Hindenburg, supported by pro-democratic parties, against Hitler on the one hand and the Communist Ernst Thälmann on the other. Hitler received around a third of the vote and was defeated in the second round in April by Hindenburg, who won a narrow majority.[2] However, at the end of May 1932, Hindenburg was persuaded to dismiss Brüning as chancellor and replaced him with Franz von Papen, a renegade from the Centre Party, and a non-partisan "Cabinet of Barons". Papen's cabinet had almost no support in the Reichstag. Only three days after his appointment, he was faced with such opposition that he had Hindenburg dissolve the Reichstag and call new elections for 31 July so that the Reichstag could not dismiss him immediately.[3]
CampaignEdit
The election campaign took place under violent circumstances, as Papen lifted the token ban on the SA, the Nazi paramilitary, which Brüning had put in place during the last days of his administration. That inevitably led to clashes with the Communist paramilitary.
ResultsEdit
The elections resulted in significant gains by the Nazi Party; with 230 seats, it became the largest party in parliament for the first time, but lacked an overall majority. Neither the Nazi Party nor Hindenburg had a governing majority, and the other parties refused to co-operate, meaning no coalition government with a majority could be formed.[3] Papen's minority government continued in office, leading to another early election in November.
^Kerwin, Jerome G. (1932). "The German Reichstag Elections of July 31, 1932". American Political Science Review. 26 (5): 921–926. doi:10.2307/1947146. ISSN 0003-0554. JSTOR 1947146. S2CID 147155451.
^ abcdThe Holocaust Chronicle PROLOGUE: Roots of the Holocaust. 2002.
^ abHornberger, Jacob G. How Hitler became a Dictator 18 February 2008 at the Wayback Machine. 2004.
October 15, 2023
july, 1932, german, federal, election, federal, elections, were, held, germany, july, 1932, following, premature, dissolution, reichstag, nazi, party, made, significant, gains, became, largest, party, reichstag, first, time, although, they, failed, majority, c. Federal elections were held in Germany on 31 July 1932 following the premature dissolution of the Reichstag 1 The Nazi Party made significant gains and became the largest party in the Reichstag for the first time although they failed to win a majority The Communist Party increased their vote share as well All other parties combined held less than half the seats in the Reichstag meaning no majority coalition government could be formed without including at least one of these two parties July 1932 German federal election 1930 31 July 1932 1932 07 31 Nov 1932 All 608 seats in the Reichstag305 seats needed for a majorityRegistered44 211 216 2 9 Turnout37 162 691 84 1 2 1pp First party Second party Third party Leader Adolf Hitler Otto WelsArthur CrispienHans Vogel Ernst ThalmannParty NSDAP SPD KPDLeader since 29 July 1921 1919 October 1925Last election 18 3 107 seats 24 5 143 seats 13 1 77 seatsSeats won 230 133 89Seat change 123 10 12Popular vote 13 745 680 7 959 712 5 282 636Percentage 37 3 21 6 14 3 Swing 19 0pp 2 9pp 1 2pp Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party Leader Ludwig Kaas Alfred Hugenberg Heinrich HeldParty Centre DNVP BVPLeader since September 1928 1928 27 June 1924Last election 11 8 68 seats 7 0 41 seats 3 0 19 seatsSeats won 75 37 22Seat change 7 4 3Popular vote 4 589 430 2 178 024 1 192 684Percentage 12 4 5 9 3 2 Swing 0 6pp 1 1pp 0 2ppResults and seat distribution by electoral constituency Winning party by electoral constituency Results by district and independent city Black lines delineate states and Prussian provinces Government before electionPapen cabinetInd DNVP Government after election Papen cabinetInd DNVP Contents 1 Background 2 Campaign 3 Results 3 1 Nazi Party vote share by constituency 4 See also 5 ReferencesBackground Edit nbsp Campaigning in front of a polling place in BerlinSince 1929 Germany had been suffering from the Great Depression unemployment had risen from 8 5 to nearly 30 between 1929 and 1932 2 while industrial production dropped by around 42 2 In March 1930 the governing grand coalition of the pro republican parties the Social Democratic Party SPD the Centre Party and both liberal parties collapsed President Paul von Hindenburg appointed a minority government headed by the Centre Party s Heinrich Bruning which could only govern by using Hindenburg s emergency powers The September 1930 elections produced a highly fragmented Reichstag making the formation of a stable government impossible The elections also saw the Nazi Party rise to national prominence 2 gaining 95 seats Bruning s policies implemented via presidential decree and tolerated by parliament failed to solve the economic crisis and weakened the parliamentary system In March 1932 the presidential elections began as a three way race between the incumbent Hindenburg supported by pro democratic parties against Hitler on the one hand and the Communist Ernst Thalmann on the other Hitler received around a third of the vote and was defeated in the second round in April by Hindenburg who won a narrow majority 2 However at the end of May 1932 Hindenburg was persuaded to dismiss Bruning as chancellor and replaced him with Franz von Papen a renegade from the Centre Party and a non partisan Cabinet of Barons Papen s cabinet had almost no support in the Reichstag Only three days after his appointment he was faced with such opposition that he had Hindenburg dissolve the Reichstag and call new elections for 31 July so that the Reichstag could not dismiss him immediately 3 Campaign EditThe election campaign took place under violent circumstances as Papen lifted the token ban on the SA the Nazi paramilitary which Bruning had put in place during the last days of his administration That inevitably led to clashes with the Communist paramilitary Results EditThe elections resulted in significant gains by the Nazi Party with 230 seats it became the largest party in parliament for the first time but lacked an overall majority Neither the Nazi Party nor Hindenburg had a governing majority and the other parties refused to co operate meaning no coalition government with a majority could be formed 3 Papen s minority government continued in office leading to another early election in November 8913342752217231372230PartyVotes Seats Nazi Party13 745 68037 27 19 02230 123Social Democratic Party7 959 71221 58 2 95133 10Communist Party of Germany5 282 63614 32 1 1989 12Centre Party4 589 43012 44 0 6375 7German National People s Party2 178 0245 91 1 1237 4Bavarian People s Party1 192 6843 23 0 2022 3German People s Party436 0021 18 3 337 23German State Party371 8001 01 2 774 16Christian Social People s Service364 5430 99 1 493 11Reich Party of the German Middle Class146 8760 40 3 502 21German Farmers Party137 1330 37 0 602 4Agricultural League96 8510 26 0 292 1German Country People90 5540 25 2 921 18Socialist Workers Party of Germany72 6300 20New0NewGerman Hanoverian Party46 9270 13 0 280 3People s Justice Party40 8250 11 0 671 1Poland List33 4360 09New0NewKleinrentner Inflationsgeschadigte und Vorkriegsgeldbesitzer14 8160 04New0NewWorker and Farmer Party of Germany Christian Radical People s Front13 9500 04New0NewFree Economy Party of Germany12 2470 03New0NewFarmers House and Property Owners9 4650 03New0NewRadical Middle Class8 6370 02New0NewWorkers and Farmers Struggle Community4 5510 01New0NewInteressengemeinschaft der Kleinrentner und Inflationsgeschadigten2 9320 01New0NewNational Socialist People s Alliance for Truth and Justice2 4360 01New0NewHandwerker Handels und Gewerbetreibende2 2210 01New0NewKriegsteilnehmer Kriegsbeschadigte und Kriegshinterbliebene2 2130 01New0NewEnteigneter Mittelstand2 1860 01New0NewGerechtigkeitsbewegung fur Parteienverbot gegen Lohn Gehalts und Rentenkurzungen fur Arbeitsbeschaffung2 0350 01New0NewGerman Free Economy Party1 9160 01New0NewDeutsche Einheitspartei fur wahre Volkswirtschaft Unterstutzungsempfanger Partei Deutschlands1 7090 00New0NewSchleswig Home1 5110 00New0NewPartei der Unzufriedenen1 3410 00New0NewHochstgehalt der Beamten 5000 M Fur die Arbeitslosen und bis jetzt abgewiesenen Kriegsbeschadigten1 1410 00New0NewGerman Socialist Struggle Movement9470 00New0NewListe gegen Kurzung der Invaliden Sozial und Kriegsbeschadigtenrenten8870 00New0NewUnemployed Front8530 00New0NewKampfbund gegen Hauszinssteuer7900 00New0NewGerman People s Community6180 00New0NewSchmalix Greater German List6100 00 0 0800Schlesiens Handwerk und Gewerbe5980 00New0NewDer ernste evangelisch lutherische Christ Gerechtigkeits Bewegung 5870 00New0NewBund Bayerisches Handwerk und Gewerbe Haus und Grundbesitz und Landwirtschaft5770 00New0NewSchicksalsgemeinschaft deutscher Erwerbslosen5550 00New0NewKampfgemeinschaft der Rentner Sparer und Inflationsgeschadigten5320 00New0NewNationale Rentner Sparer und Inflationsgeschadigte5220 00New0NewParty of the Unemployed for Work and Bread4920 00New0NewFreiheitliche National Soziale Deutsche Mittelstandsbewegung4800 00New0NewNational Freedom Party of Germany3920 00New0NewNational soziale Partei gegen die Hauszinssteuer3760 00New0NewKampfgemeinschaft fur Handwerk Gewerbe Hausbesitz und Landwirtschaft3340 00New0NewGeneral Social National Unity Worker Party of Germany2770 00New0NewFreiwirtschaftsbewegung fur Freiland Freigeld Festwahrung2700 00New0NewGerman Workers Party2570 00New0NewNationaler Burger und Wirtschaftsblock2260 00New0NewKampfbund der Lohn und Gehaltsabgebauten und Auslandsgeschadigten1770 00New0NewRadical Party1540 00New0NewKampfgemeinschaft der Lohn und Gehaltsabgebauten1280 00New0NewUnitarianist Union of Germany810 00New0NewMieter und Volks Reichspartei690 00New0NewGerman Social Monarchist Party660 00New0NewGerman Reform Party590 00New0NewTotal36 882 964100 00 608 31Valid votes36 882 96499 25Invalid blank votes279 7270 75Total votes37 162 691100 00Registered voters turnout44 211 21684 06Source Gonschior deNazi Party vote share by constituency Edit Constituency East Prussia 47 1 Berlin 24 6 Potsdam II 33 0 Potsdam I 38 1 Frankfurt on the Oder 48 1 Pomerania 47 9 Breslau 43 5 Liegnitz 48 0 Oppeln 29 3 Magdeburg 43 8 Merseburg 42 6 Thuringen 43 4 Schleswig Holstein 51 0 Weser Ems 38 4 East Hanover 49 5 South Hanover Brunwsick 46 1 North Westphalia 25 7 South Westphalia 27 2 Hessen Nassau 43 6 Cologne Aachen 20 2 Koblenz Trier 28 8 East Dusseldorf 31 6 West Dusseldorf 27 0 Upper Bavaria Swabia 27 1 Lower Bavaria 20 4 Franconia 39 8 Pfalz 43 7 Dresden Bautzen 39 3 Leipzig 36 1 Chemnitz Zwickau 47 0 Wurttemberg 30 3 Baden 36 9 Hessen Darmstadt 43 1 Hamburg 33 7 Mecklenburg 44 8 Total 37 3 Source Digi ZeitSee also EditOskar DaubmannReferences Edit Kerwin Jerome G 1932 The German Reichstag Elections of July 31 1932 American Political Science Review 26 5 921 926 doi 10 2307 1947146 ISSN 0003 0554 JSTOR 1947146 S2CID 147155451 a b c d The Holocaust Chronicle PROLOGUE Roots of the Holocaust 2002 a b Hornberger Jacob G How Hitler became a Dictator Archived 18 February 2008 at the Wayback Machine 2004 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title July 1932 German federal election amp oldid 1177978972, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
