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Jules Lair

January 11, 2023

Jules–Auguste Lair (25 May 1836 – 16 May 1907) was a French lawyer, businessman and scholar. At the École des Chartes he studied palaeography, and was offered a position with the Archives, but he decided instead to become a lawyer. At the age of 25 he became director of a warehousing company, and over the next forty years was involved in various major enterprises including the first telephone network in France. At the same time, he always set aside time for historical work, and published many articles and books on aspects of French history from the Middle Ages to the French Revolution.

Jules–Auguste Lair
Born(1836-05-25)25 May 1836
Caen, France
Died16 May 1907(1907-05-16) (aged 70)
Paris, France
NationalityFrench
Occupation(s)Lawyer, paleographer, historian, antiquary, businessman

Life

Early years

Jules-Auguste Lair was born in Caen on 25 May 1836.[1] His family was prosperous.[2] His father, a trader in butter, died while he was a child. He studied at the Collège Royal de Caen,[a] where he was a brilliant pupil.[3] He then moved to Paris where he attended the École des Chartes and studied archival palaeography.[b][4] He entered the École des Chartes in the autumn of 1855, and graduated first in 1858, ahead of Siméon Luce.[5]

Lair was offered a position with the Archives, but chose to follow a career as a lawyer.[4] He earned a doctorate from the Faculty of Law in Paris in 1859.[1] He enrolled at the Bar of Paris, where he pleaded some cases. During the 1860–61 judicial year he was one of the secretaries of the Conférence des avocats du barreau de Paris.[5] He entered the office of Sébastien Joseph Boulatignier(fr), President of the litigation section in the Council of State. He also worked for Antoine Blanche, Advocate General at the Court of Cassation.[4]

Businessman

In 1860, at the age of 25 Lair accepted the job of deputy director of the new Compagnie des Entrepôts et Magasins généraux de Paris (Paris Warehouse and General Stores Company) under M. Moranvillé, a friend of Boulatignier.[6][7] The company was formed from assets of the failed Docks Napoléon.[7][c] Lair was in charge of litigation.[7] By 1870 the company was well organized, financially secure and doing more business than had been foreseen for the original Docks Napoléon.[9]

The Franco-Prussian War broke out in 1870. Lair became a captain in the staff of General Trochu in the National Guard.[7] He was awarded the Cross of the Legion of Honour by decree of 30 January 1871.[10] During the Paris Commune in 1871 the warehouses in the Villette and Pont de Flandre(fr) quarters were occupied by the most fervent partisans of the Commune, and burned down. After the disaster Moranvillé and Lair managed to raise funds to rebuild, which they achieved within two years.[9] In 1873 Moranvillé retired and Lair became director of the company. He would hold this position for 33 years.[11] In 1873 he married a Mlle Dehaussy, from a family that was always interested in intellectual pursuits and particularly the arts.[12]

 
Central office of the Société générale des téléphones in La Villette, Paris, 1891

Lair bought the Magasins Généraux d'Auhervilliers et de Saint-Denis, doubling the size of the enterprise.[13] In 1881, after the first telephony experiments, Lair conceived the great project of organizing a telephone network in France. Jules Lair organized the Société générale des Téléphones(fr) in 1881, which was taken over by the state in 1889.[14]Lazare Weiller collaborated with Lair in manufacturing and distributing telephones.[15] Lair was also interested in underwater telegraphy, and wanted to create a network of submarine cable connecting France to her colonies. The army and navy strongly supported this, but it did not achieve all its goals due to opposition from the Deputy of Le Havre.[14] Lair entered into various other enterprises associated with the Crédit Industriel et Commercial.[14] His senior management positions in addition to running the Magasins généraux included:[16]

  • President of the Société générale des téléphones, 1881–89
  • President of the Comptoir des entrepôts, 1891
  • President of the Compagnie française des télégraphes sous-marins, 1898
  • Vice-President of the Crédit industriel, 1895
  • President of the Société des mines de Czeladz, 1897
  • Vice-President of the Société française des métaux, 1899
  • President of the Société des docks de Rouen, 1902
  • President of the Société des aciéries de France, 1902

Literary work

 
Louise de La Vallière, illustration from Louise de La Vallière et la jeunesse de Louis XIV d'après des documents inédits (1907 edition)

Throughout his business career, Lair always set aside time for historical work.[17] He was particularly interested in the history of his native Normandy.[18] In 1860 he published a History of the Parliament of Normandy from its translation to Caen in June 1589 until its return to Rouen in April 1594.[17] The first volume of his Étude sur les origines de l'évêché de Bayeux (1862) prompted a lengthy rebuttal by the Abbé L. Tapin, also published in 1862.[19] He published a new edition of Dudo of Saint-Quentin's History of the Normans which was published in Caen under the title De moribus et actis primorum Normanniae ducum in the memoirs of the Société des Antiquaires de Normandie. His long preface tried to establish that Dudo was a reliable historical source, which he was not, and the text has been criticized for careless collation and transcription. However, it has not been superseded.[20]

As a personal gift General Trochu gave Lair a collection of letters written from abroad during the French Revolution about the events of that period, which Lair began publishing from 1872 with the help of Émile Legrand(fr).[13] Lair's father-in-law had a country house in Bures-sur-Yvette, in the Vallée de Chevreuse, and this became an important retreat for Lair whan he could find time away from business. He wrote an engaging history of the village of Bures.[21] While dealing with financiers and competitors, he wrote studies of such people as Louise de La Vallière, Nicolas Fouquet and Cardinal Richelieu.[13] He continued to publish diverse works on aspects of the Middle Ages, the Sun King and the French Revolution.[17] He always remained linked to Caen as a member of the Société des Antiquaires de Normandie, while in Paris he was an active member of the Société de l'École des Chartes.[4]

Lair died in Paris on 16 May 1907.[1] At the time of his death from bronchitis he was working on the Mémoires de Richelieu.[17]

Publications

Publications by Lair include:[1]

  • Jules Lair (1859), De la rutelle (thèse pour la licence), Caen: impr. de G. Philippe / Faculté de droit. Paris, p. 128
  • Jules Lair (1859), Étude sur les "Fleurs de Normandie" (recueil de poésies latines et françaises de Marie-André de Chaligny), Caen: impr. de Domin, p. 40
  • Jules Lair (1860), Histoire du Parlement de Normandie depuis sa translation à Caen, au mois de juin 1589, jusqu'à son retour à Rouen, en avril 1594, Caen: Hardel, p. 225
  • Jules Lair (1862–1869), Étude sur les origines de l'évêché de Bayeux, vol. 1–4, Paris: [éd. divers]
  • Jules Lair; Emile Legrand (1872), Documents inedits sur l'histoire de la revolution francaise. Correspondances de Paris, Vienne, Berlin, Varsovie, Constantinople, Maisonneuve
  • Jules Lair (1878), Histoire de la seigneurie et de la paroisse de Bures (Seine-et-Oise), Paris: H. Champion, p. 136
  • Jules Lair (1881), Louise de La Vallière et la jeunesse de Louis XIV, d'après des documents inédits, avec le texte authentique des lettres de la duchesse au maréchal de Bellefonds, Paris: E. Plon, p. 437
    • Jules Lair (1907), Louise de La Vallière et la jeunesse de Louis XIV d'après des documents inédits (4 ed.), Paris: Plon-Nourrit et Cie, p. 488
  • Jules Lair (1890), Nicolas Foucquet, procureur général, surintendant des finances, ministre d'Etat de Louis XIV, Paris: E. Plon, Nourrit et Cie
    • Jules Lair (1890), Nicolas Foucquet, vol. I: Famille, vie politique et privée de Foucquet, Paris: E. Plon, p. 577
    • Jules Lair (1890), Nicolas Foucquet, vol. II: Disgrâce, procès, captivité, mort de Foucquet, destinées de sa famille, Paris: Plon, p. 571
  • Jules Lair (1893), Étude sur la vie et la mort de Guillaume Longue-Épée duc de Normandie, Paris: A. Picard et fils, p. 84
  • Jules Lair (1893), Julien Havet, 1853–1893 (Discours de M. J. Lair, président de la Société de l'École des chartes), Nogent-le-Rotrou: Imprimerie Daupeley-Gouverneur, p. 15
  • Jules Lair (1899), Recherches sur une maison de Paris où demeura Malherbe (Extrait du "Bulletin de la Société des antiquaires de Normandie", t. XX), Caen: H. Delesques, p. 24
  • Jules Lair (1899), Études critiques sur divers textes des Xe et XIe siècles, Paris: A. Picard et fils
  • Jules Lair (1902), Le siège de Chartres par les Normands (911) (Extrait du "Compte rendu du LXVIIe congrès archéologique de France", tenu en 1900, à Chartres), Caen: impr. de H. Delesques, p. 52
  • Jules Lair (1903), Essai historique et topographique sur la bataille de Formigny (15 avril 1450), Paris: H. Champion, p. 87
  • Jules Lair (2006), Histoire de la seigneurie et de la paroisse de Bures, Preface by Gilbert Boisdé, Paris: le Livre d'histoire, p. 136

Notes

  1. ^ Collège Royal de Caen: now the Lycée Malherbe
  2. ^ Archival palaeography: This involves deciphering old scripts held in the archives, transferring them into modern writing systems, dating the texts, identifying where they were written, cataloguing and annotating them.
  3. ^ The Docks Napoleon had been founded at the start of the Second French Empire to manage large warehouses where goods shipped to Parisian tradesmen or industrialists by canal or railway could be stored until needed. The concept was good, but bad management, and perhaps dishonesty, caused the company to fail.[8]

Citations

  1. ^ a b c d Jules Lair (1836–1907) – BnF.
  2. ^ Passy 1907, p. 6.
  3. ^ Perrot 1907, p. 537.
  4. ^ a b c d Passy 1907, p. 7.
  5. ^ a b Perrot 1907, p. 538.
  6. ^ Perrot 1907, p. 542.
  7. ^ a b c d Passy 1907, p. 8.
  8. ^ Perrot 1907, p. 541.
  9. ^ a b Perrot 1907, p. 543.
  10. ^ Perrot 1907, p. 574.
  11. ^ Perrot 1907, p. 544.
  12. ^ Perrot 1907, p. 550.
  13. ^ a b c Passy 1907, p. 9.
  14. ^ a b c Passy 1907, p. 11.
  15. ^ Jolly 1960–1977.
  16. ^ Perrot 1907, p. 545.
  17. ^ a b c d Passy 1907, p. 12ff.
  18. ^ Perrot 1907, p. 548.
  19. ^ Tapin 1862, p. 6.
  20. ^ Dudo of St. Quentin & Christiansen 1998, p. xxxv.
  21. ^ Perrot 1907, p. 554.

Sources

  • Dudo of St. Quentin; Christiansen, Eric (1998), History of the Normans, Boydell & Brewer Ltd, ISBN 978-0-85115-552-4, retrieved 2018-04-20
  • Jolly, Jean (1960–1977), "Weiller (Lazare)", Dictionnaire des parlementaires français de 1889 à 1940 (in French), Paris: Presses universitaires de France, ISBN 2-1100-1998-0, retrieved 2018-03-05
  • Jules Lair (1836–1907) (in French), BnF: Bibliotheque nationale de France, retrieved 2018-04-19
  • Passy, Louis (1907), Jules Lair (PDF) (in French), Paris: Pontoise / Imprimierie Lucien, retrieved 2018-03-05
  • Perrot, Georges (1907), "Notice sur la vie et les travaux de M. Jules–Auguste Lair, membre libre de l'Académie des Inscriptions (1836–1907)", Bibliothèque de l'École des Chartes (in French), 68: 536–579, doi:10.3406/bec.1907.452376, retrieved 2018-04-20
  • Tapin, L. (1862), Les Traditions du diocèse de Bayeux; réponse à M. J. Lair (in French), retrieved 2018-04-20

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January 11, 2023
jules, lair, jules, auguste, lair, 1836, 1907, french, lawyer, businessman, scholar, École, chartes, studied, palaeography, offered, position, with, archives, decided, instead, become, lawyer, became, director, warehousing, company, over, next, forty, years, i. Jules Auguste Lair 25 May 1836 16 May 1907 was a French lawyer businessman and scholar At the Ecole des Chartes he studied palaeography and was offered a position with the Archives but he decided instead to become a lawyer At the age of 25 he became director of a warehousing company and over the next forty years was involved in various major enterprises including the first telephone network in France At the same time he always set aside time for historical work and published many articles and books on aspects of French history from the Middle Ages to the French Revolution Jules Auguste LairBorn 1836 05 25 25 May 1836Caen FranceDied16 May 1907 1907 05 16 aged 70 Paris FranceNationalityFrenchOccupation s Lawyer paleographer historian antiquary businessman Contents 1 Life 1 1 Early years 1 2 Businessman 1 3 Literary work 2 Publications 3 Notes 4 Citations 5 SourcesLife EditEarly years Edit Jules Auguste Lair was born in Caen on 25 May 1836 1 His family was prosperous 2 His father a trader in butter died while he was a child He studied at the College Royal de Caen a where he was a brilliant pupil 3 He then moved to Paris where he attended the Ecole des Chartes and studied archival palaeography b 4 He entered the Ecole des Chartes in the autumn of 1855 and graduated first in 1858 ahead of Simeon Luce 5 Lair was offered a position with the Archives but chose to follow a career as a lawyer 4 He earned a doctorate from the Faculty of Law in Paris in 1859 1 He enrolled at the Bar of Paris where he pleaded some cases During the 1860 61 judicial year he was one of the secretaries of the Conference des avocats du barreau de Paris 5 He entered the office of Sebastien Joseph Boulatignier fr President of the litigation section in the Council of State He also worked for Antoine Blanche Advocate General at the Court of Cassation 4 Businessman Edit In 1860 at the age of 25 Lair accepted the job of deputy director of the new Compagnie des Entrepots et Magasins generaux de Paris Paris Warehouse and General Stores Company under M Moranville a friend of Boulatignier 6 7 The company was formed from assets of the failed Docks Napoleon 7 c Lair was in charge of litigation 7 By 1870 the company was well organized financially secure and doing more business than had been foreseen for the original Docks Napoleon 9 The Franco Prussian War broke out in 1870 Lair became a captain in the staff of General Trochu in the National Guard 7 He was awarded the Cross of the Legion of Honour by decree of 30 January 1871 10 During the Paris Commune in 1871 the warehouses in the Villette and Pont de Flandre fr quarters were occupied by the most fervent partisans of the Commune and burned down After the disaster Moranville and Lair managed to raise funds to rebuild which they achieved within two years 9 In 1873 Moranville retired and Lair became director of the company He would hold this position for 33 years 11 In 1873 he married a Mlle Dehaussy from a family that was always interested in intellectual pursuits and particularly the arts 12 Central office of the Societe generale des telephones in La Villette Paris 1891 Lair bought the Magasins Generaux d Auhervilliers et de Saint Denis doubling the size of the enterprise 13 In 1881 after the first telephony experiments Lair conceived the great project of organizing a telephone network in France Jules Lair organized the Societe generale des Telephones fr in 1881 which was taken over by the state in 1889 14 Lazare Weiller collaborated with Lair in manufacturing and distributing telephones 15 Lair was also interested in underwater telegraphy and wanted to create a network of submarine cable connecting France to her colonies The army and navy strongly supported this but it did not achieve all its goals due to opposition from the Deputy of Le Havre 14 Lair entered into various other enterprises associated with the Credit Industriel et Commercial 14 His senior management positions in addition to running the Magasins generaux included 16 President of the Societe generale des telephones 1881 89 President of the Comptoir des entrepots 1891 President of the Compagnie francaise des telegraphes sous marins 1898 Vice President of the Credit industriel 1895 President of the Societe des mines de Czeladz 1897 Vice President of the Societe francaise des metaux 1899 President of the Societe des docks de Rouen 1902 President of the Societe des acieries de France 1902Literary work Edit Louise de La Valliere illustration from Louise de La Valliere et la jeunesse de Louis XIV d apres des documents inedits 1907 edition Throughout his business career Lair always set aside time for historical work 17 He was particularly interested in the history of his native Normandy 18 In 1860 he published a History of the Parliament of Normandy from its translation to Caen in June 1589 until its return to Rouen in April 1594 17 The first volume of his Etude sur les origines de l eveche de Bayeux 1862 prompted a lengthy rebuttal by the Abbe L Tapin also published in 1862 19 He published a new edition of Dudo of Saint Quentin s History of the Normans which was published in Caen under the title De moribus et actis primorum Normanniae ducum in the memoirs of the Societe des Antiquaires de Normandie His long preface tried to establish that Dudo was a reliable historical source which he was not and the text has been criticized for careless collation and transcription However it has not been superseded 20 As a personal gift General Trochu gave Lair a collection of letters written from abroad during the French Revolution about the events of that period which Lair began publishing from 1872 with the help of Emile Legrand fr 13 Lair s father in law had a country house in Bures sur Yvette in the Vallee de Chevreuse and this became an important retreat for Lair whan he could find time away from business He wrote an engaging history of the village of Bures 21 While dealing with financiers and competitors he wrote studies of such people as Louise de La Valliere Nicolas Fouquet and Cardinal Richelieu 13 He continued to publish diverse works on aspects of the Middle Ages the Sun King and the French Revolution 17 He always remained linked to Caen as a member of the Societe des Antiquaires de Normandie while in Paris he was an active member of the Societe de l Ecole des Chartes 4 Lair died in Paris on 16 May 1907 1 At the time of his death from bronchitis he was working on the Memoires de Richelieu 17 Publications EditPublications by Lair include 1 Jules Lair 1859 De la rutelle these pour la licence Caen impr de G Philippe Faculte de droit Paris p 128 Jules Lair 1859 Etude sur les Fleurs de Normandie recueil de poesies latines et francaises de Marie Andre de Chaligny Caen impr de Domin p 40 Jules Lair 1860 Histoire du Parlement de Normandie depuis sa translation a Caen au mois de juin 1589 jusqu a son retour a Rouen en avril 1594 Caen Hardel p 225 Jules Lair 1862 1869 Etude sur les origines de l eveche de Bayeux vol 1 4 Paris ed divers Jules Lair Emile Legrand 1872 Documents inedits sur l histoire de la revolution francaise Correspondances de Paris Vienne Berlin Varsovie Constantinople Maisonneuve Jules Lair 1878 Histoire de la seigneurie et de la paroisse de Bures Seine et Oise Paris H Champion p 136 Jules Lair 1881 Louise de La Valliere et la jeunesse de Louis XIV d apres des documents inedits avec le texte authentique des lettres de la duchesse au marechal de Bellefonds Paris E Plon p 437 Jules Lair 1907 Louise de La Valliere et la jeunesse de Louis XIV d apres des documents inedits 4 ed Paris Plon Nourrit et Cie p 488 Jules Lair 1890 Nicolas Foucquet procureur general surintendant des finances ministre d Etat de Louis XIV Paris E Plon Nourrit et Cie Jules Lair 1890 Nicolas Foucquet vol I Famille vie politique et privee de Foucquet Paris E Plon p 577 Jules Lair 1890 Nicolas Foucquet vol II Disgrace proces captivite mort de Foucquet destinees de sa famille Paris Plon p 571 Jules Lair 1893 Etude sur la vie et la mort de Guillaume Longue Epee duc de Normandie Paris A Picard et fils p 84 Jules Lair 1893 Julien Havet 1853 1893 Discours de M J Lair president de la Societe de l Ecole des chartes Nogent le Rotrou Imprimerie Daupeley Gouverneur p 15 Jules Lair 1899 Recherches sur une maison de Paris ou demeura Malherbe Extrait du Bulletin de la Societe des antiquaires de Normandie t XX Caen H Delesques p 24 Jules Lair 1899 Etudes critiques sur divers textes des Xe et XIe siecles Paris A Picard et fils Jules Lair 1902 Le siege de Chartres par les Normands 911 Extrait du Compte rendu du LXVIIe congres archeologique de France tenu en 1900 a Chartres Caen impr de H Delesques p 52 Jules Lair 1903 Essai historique et topographique sur la bataille de Formigny 15 avril 1450 Paris H Champion p 87 Jules Lair 2006 Histoire de la seigneurie et de la paroisse de Bures Preface by Gilbert Boisde Paris le Livre d histoire p 136Notes Edit College Royal de Caen now the Lycee Malherbe Archival palaeography This involves deciphering old scripts held in the archives transferring them into modern writing systems dating the texts identifying where they were written cataloguing and annotating them The Docks Napoleon had been founded at the start of the Second French Empire to manage large warehouses where goods shipped to Parisian tradesmen or industrialists by canal or railway could be stored until needed The concept was good but bad management and perhaps dishonesty caused the company to fail 8 Citations Edit a b c d Jules Lair 1836 1907 BnF Passy 1907 p 6 Perrot 1907 p 537 a b c d Passy 1907 p 7 a b Perrot 1907 p 538 Perrot 1907 p 542 a b c d Passy 1907 p 8 Perrot 1907 p 541 a b Perrot 1907 p 543 Perrot 1907 p 574 Perrot 1907 p 544 Perrot 1907 p 550 a b c Passy 1907 p 9 a b c Passy 1907 p 11 Jolly 1960 1977 Perrot 1907 p 545 a b c d Passy 1907 p 12ff Perrot 1907 p 548 Tapin 1862 p 6 Dudo of St Quentin amp Christiansen 1998 p xxxv Perrot 1907 p 554 Sources EditDudo of St Quentin Christiansen Eric 1998 History of the Normans Boydell amp Brewer Ltd ISBN 978 0 85115 552 4 retrieved 2018 04 20 Jolly Jean 1960 1977 Weiller Lazare Dictionnaire des parlementaires francais de 1889 a 1940 in French Paris Presses universitaires de France ISBN 2 1100 1998 0 retrieved 2018 03 05 Jules Lair 1836 1907 in French BnF Bibliotheque nationale de France retrieved 2018 04 19 Passy Louis 1907 Jules Lair PDF in French Paris Pontoise Imprimierie Lucien retrieved 2018 03 05 Perrot Georges 1907 Notice sur la vie et les travaux de M Jules Auguste Lair membre libre de l Academie des Inscriptions 1836 1907 Bibliotheque de l Ecole des Chartes in French 68 536 579 doi 10 3406 bec 1907 452376 retrieved 2018 04 20 Tapin L 1862 Les Traditions du diocese de Bayeux reponse a M J Lair in French retrieved 2018 04 20 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Jules Lair amp oldid 1127228756, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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