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Wikipedia

Jukebox

April 09, 2023

For other uses, see Jukebox (disambiguation).

A jukebox is a partially automated music-playing device, usually a coin-operated machine, that will play a patron's selection from self-contained media. The classic jukebox has buttons, with letters and numbers on them, which are used to select a specific record. Some may use compact discs instead. Disc changers are similar devices that are intended for home use, are small enough to fit in a shelf, may hold up to hundreds of discs, and allow discs to be easily removed, replaced, and inserted by the user.

A Wurlitzer Zodiac 3500 jukebox
(1971)
The jukebox when opened
The internal workings of the jukebox

History

Coin-operated music boxes and player pianos were the first forms of automated coin-operated musical devices. These devices used paper rolls, metal disks, or metal cylinders to play a musical selection on an actual instrument, or on several actual instruments, enclosed within the device.

In the 1890s, these devices were joined by machines which used recordings instead of actual physical instruments.[1][2]

In 1889, Louis Glass and William S. Arnold invented the nickel-in-the-slot phonograph, in San Francisco.[3] This was an Edison Class M Electric Phonograph retrofitted with a device patented under the name of 'Coin Actuated Attachment for Phonograph'. The music was heard via one of four listening tubes.[4]

In 1928, Justus P. Seeburg, who was manufacturing player pianos, combined an electrostatic loudspeaker with a record player that was coin-operated.[5] This 'Audiophone' machine was wide and bulky because it had eight separate turntables mounted on a rotating Ferris wheel-like device, allowing patrons to select from eight different records.

Later versions of the jukebox included Seeburg's Selectophone with 10 turntables mounted vertically on a spindle. By maneuvering the tone arm up and down, the customer could select from 10 different records.[4]

The word "jukebox" came into use in the United States beginning in 1940, apparently derived from the familiar usage "juke joint", derived from the Gullah word juke, which means "bawdy".[6]

 
Seeburg Wall-o-Matic
tableside extension,
at Triple XXX, Issaquah, Washington
(2009)

Wallboxes were an important, and profitable, part of any jukebox installation. Serving as a remote control, they enabled patrons to select tunes from their table or booth. One example is the Seeburg 3W1, introduced in 1949 as companion to the 100-selection Model M100A jukebox. Stereo sound became popular in the early 1960s, and wallboxes of the era were designed with built-in speakers to provide patrons a sample of this latest technology.

Jukeboxes were most popular from the 1940s through the mid-1960s, particularly during the 1950s. By the middle of the 1940s, three-quarters of the records produced in America went into jukeboxes.[7] Billboard published a record chart measuring jukebox play during the 1950s, which briefly became a component of the Hot 100; by 1959, the jukebox's popularity had waned to the point where Billboard ceased publishing the chart and stopped collecting jukebox play data.[8]

 
Orphéau – Sunflower Jukebox for 12" records

As of 2016, at least two companies still manufacture classically styled jukeboxes: Rockola, based in California, and Sound Leisure, based in Leeds in the UK. Both companies manufacture jukeboxes based on a CD playing mechanism. However, in April 2016, Sound Leisure showed a prototype of a "Vinyl Rocket" at the UK Classic Car Show. It stated that it would start production of the 140 7" vinyl selector (70 records) in summer of the same year.[9][10]

Since 2018, Orphéau, based in Brittany in France manufactures the original styled "Sunflower" Jukebox with the first 12" vinyl record selector (20 records), on both sides.[11]

Notable models

  • 1927 LINK – valued at US$40,000 and extremely rare[4]
  • 1940 Gabel Kuro – 78 rpm, the last model of this manufacturer, four or five are known to exist and are valued at US$125,000[4]
  • 1942 Rock-Ola President – only one known to exist and valued at least US$150,000[4]
  • 1942 Rock-Ola Premier – 15 known to exist and valued at US$20,000[4]
  • 1942 Wurlitzer 950 – 75–90 known to exist and valued at US$35,000[4]
  • 1946 Wurlitzer Model 1015,[12] – referred to as the "1015 bubbler" offered 24 selections. More than 56,000 were sold in less than two years and it is considered a pop culture icon. Designed by Wurlitzer's Paul Fuller.[4]
  • 1952 Seeburg M100C – This was the jukebox exterior used in the credit sequences for Happy Days in seasons 1–10. It played up to fifty 45 rpm records making it a 100-play. It was a very colorful jukebox with chrome glass tubes on the front, mirrors in the display, and rotating animation in the pilasters.[4]
  • 1967 Rock-Ola 434 Concerto – This was the jukebox interior used in the credit sequence for the 11th and final season of Happy Days. Like the Seeburg M100C, it played up to fifty 45 rpm records, but featured a horizontal playback mechanism unlike the M100C.[4]
  • 2018 Orphéau Sunflower Serie. This was the first Jukebox playing up to twenty 33 rpm records on both sides using automation technology.[13]

Decline

Traditional jukeboxes once were an important source of income for record publishers. Jukeboxes received the newest recordings first. They became an important market-testing device for new music, since they tallied the number of plays for each title. They offered a means for the listener to control the music outside of their home, before audio technology became portable. They played music on demand without commercials. They also offered the opportunity for high fidelity listening before home high fidelity equipment became affordable.[4]

In 1995, the United States Postal Service issued a 25-cent stamp commemorating the phonograph jukebox.[14]

Modern derivatives

Jukebox digital music players

 
iRiver H300, a type of player that was described as a "jukebox"

The term "jukebox" was used to describe high-capacity, hard disk based digital audio players due to their amount of digital space allowing a great number of music to be stored and played.[15][16] The term was popularised following the introduction of the Creative NOMAD Jukebox in 2000, which could store as many as 150 CDs of music on its 6 gigabyte hard drive.[17] In later years, the "classic" iPod would become the most popular product in this category.[15]

Digital jukebox and apps

While the number of traditional jukeboxes has declined, digital jukeboxes, also called "social jukebox", have been introduced.[18]

See also

References

  1. ^ Athitakis, Mark (1 December 1999). "Riff Raff: Jukebox hero and Gordon Dorsey". SF Weekly.
  2. ^ Great Geek Manual – Glass/Arnold patents
  3. ^ "How the Era of the Jukebox Came and Went".
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Weiss, Brett (15 October 2010). "Rock on with vintage jukeboxes". Antique Week.
  5. ^ Carlisle, Rodney (2004). Scientific American Inventions and Discoveries. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. ISBN 0-471-24410-4.
  6. ^ "Juke house". Dictionary.com. from the original on 16 March 2016. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
  7. ^ Cowen, Tyler (2000). In Praise of Commercial Culture. Harvard University Press. pp. 164, 166. ISBN 0-674-00188-5.
  8. ^ Molanphy, Chris (1 August 2013). "How The Hot 100 Became America's Hit Barometer". All Things Considered. NPR. Retrieved 14 March 2018.
  9. ^ Miller, Norman (11 May 2016). "Why fans of vintage vinyl love this brand-new machine". BBC Capital.
  10. ^ "Classic Jukeboxes". SoundLeisure.
  11. ^ "Matthieu Defoly invente le jukebox nouvelle génération – Le Journal des Entreprises – Ille-et-Vilaine". Le Journal des Entreprises (in French). Retrieved 18 November 2020.
  12. ^ . Picollecta. Archived from the original on 14 January 2015. Retrieved 14 January 2015.
  13. ^ Durox, Par Solenne; à 11h55, correspondante en BretagneLe 24 décembre 2019 (24 December 2019). "Bretagne : le jukebox remis au goût du jour par un Rennais". leparisien.fr (in French). Retrieved 18 November 2020.
  14. ^ . United States Postal Service. Archived from the original on 10 August 2013. Retrieved 2 September 2013.
  15. ^ a b "The iPod wars". TheGuardian.com. November 2003.
  16. ^ Biersdorfer, J. d. (19 June 2003). "NEWS WATCH: PORTABLE AUDIO; Music Lasts Longer on a Hybrid Player". The New York Times.
  17. ^ "New Nomad Jukebox Digital Music Player Really Turns up the Volume". Los Angeles Times. 14 September 2000.
  18. ^ France, Jasmine. "Create jukebox playlists before hitting the town". cnet. Retrieved 3 August 2016.

External links

  •   Media related to Jukeboxes at Wikimedia Commons

April 09, 2023
jukebox, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, april, 2022, learn. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Jukebox news newspapers books scholar JSTOR April 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message For other uses see Jukebox disambiguation A jukebox is a partially automated music playing device usually a coin operated machine that will play a patron s selection from self contained media The classic jukebox has buttons with letters and numbers on them which are used to select a specific record Some may use compact discs instead Disc changers are similar devices that are intended for home use are small enough to fit in a shelf may hold up to hundreds of discs and allow discs to be easily removed replaced and inserted by the user A Wurlitzer Zodiac 3500 jukebox 1971 The jukebox when openedThe internal workings of the jukebox Contents 1 History 2 Notable models 3 Decline 4 Modern derivatives 4 1 Jukebox digital music players 4 2 Digital jukebox and apps 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksHistory EditCoin operated music boxes and player pianos were the first forms of automated coin operated musical devices These devices used paper rolls metal disks or metal cylinders to play a musical selection on an actual instrument or on several actual instruments enclosed within the device In the 1890s these devices were joined by machines which used recordings instead of actual physical instruments 1 2 In 1889 Louis Glass and William S Arnold invented the nickel in the slot phonograph in San Francisco 3 This was an Edison Class M Electric Phonograph retrofitted with a device patented under the name of Coin Actuated Attachment for Phonograph The music was heard via one of four listening tubes 4 In 1928 Justus P Seeburg who was manufacturing player pianos combined an electrostatic loudspeaker with a record player that was coin operated 5 This Audiophone machine was wide and bulky because it had eight separate turntables mounted on a rotating Ferris wheel like device allowing patrons to select from eight different records Later versions of the jukebox included Seeburg s Selectophone with 10 turntables mounted vertically on a spindle By maneuvering the tone arm up and down the customer could select from 10 different records 4 The word jukebox came into use in the United States beginning in 1940 apparently derived from the familiar usage juke joint derived from the Gullah word juke which means bawdy 6 Seeburg Wall o Matictableside extension at Triple XXX Issaquah Washington 2009 Wallboxes were an important and profitable part of any jukebox installation Serving as a remote control they enabled patrons to select tunes from their table or booth One example is the Seeburg 3W1 introduced in 1949 as companion to the 100 selection Model M100A jukebox Stereo sound became popular in the early 1960s and wallboxes of the era were designed with built in speakers to provide patrons a sample of this latest technology Jukeboxes were most popular from the 1940s through the mid 1960s particularly during the 1950s By the middle of the 1940s three quarters of the records produced in America went into jukeboxes 7 Billboard published a record chart measuring jukebox play during the 1950s which briefly became a component of the Hot 100 by 1959 the jukebox s popularity had waned to the point where Billboard ceased publishing the chart and stopped collecting jukebox play data 8 Orpheau Sunflower Jukebox for 12 records As of 2016 at least two companies still manufacture classically styled jukeboxes Rockola based in California and Sound Leisure based in Leeds in the UK Both companies manufacture jukeboxes based on a CD playing mechanism However in April 2016 Sound Leisure showed a prototype of a Vinyl Rocket at the UK Classic Car Show It stated that it would start production of the 140 7 vinyl selector 70 records in summer of the same year 9 10 Since 2018 Orpheau based in Brittany in France manufactures the original styled Sunflower Jukebox with the first 12 vinyl record selector 20 records on both sides 11 Notable models Edit1927 LINK valued at US 40 000 and extremely rare 4 1940 Gabel Kuro 78 rpm the last model of this manufacturer four or five are known to exist and are valued at US 125 000 4 1942 Rock Ola President only one known to exist and valued at least US 150 000 4 1942 Rock Ola Premier 15 known to exist and valued at US 20 000 4 1942 Wurlitzer 950 75 90 known to exist and valued at US 35 000 4 1946 Wurlitzer Model 1015 12 referred to as the 1015 bubbler offered 24 selections More than 56 000 were sold in less than two years and it is considered a pop culture icon Designed by Wurlitzer s Paul Fuller 4 1952 Seeburg M100C This was the jukebox exterior used in the credit sequences for Happy Days in seasons 1 10 It played up to fifty 45 rpm records making it a 100 play It was a very colorful jukebox with chrome glass tubes on the front mirrors in the display and rotating animation in the pilasters 4 1967 Rock Ola 434 Concerto This was the jukebox interior used in the credit sequence for the 11th and final season of Happy Days Like the Seeburg M100C it played up to fifty 45 rpm records but featured a horizontal playback mechanism unlike the M100C 4 2018 Orpheau Sunflower Serie This was the first Jukebox playing up to twenty 33 rpm records on both sides using automation technology 13 Decline EditTraditional jukeboxes once were an important source of income for record publishers Jukeboxes received the newest recordings first They became an important market testing device for new music since they tallied the number of plays for each title They offered a means for the listener to control the music outside of their home before audio technology became portable They played music on demand without commercials They also offered the opportunity for high fidelity listening before home high fidelity equipment became affordable 4 In 1995 the United States Postal Service issued a 25 cent stamp commemorating the phonograph jukebox 14 Modern derivatives EditJukebox digital music players Edit iRiver H300 a type of player that was described as a jukebox The term jukebox was used to describe high capacity hard disk based digital audio players due to their amount of digital space allowing a great number of music to be stored and played 15 16 The term was popularised following the introduction of the Creative NOMAD Jukebox in 2000 which could store as many as 150 CDs of music on its 6 gigabyte hard drive 17 In later years the classic iPod would become the most popular product in this category 15 Digital jukebox and apps Edit While the number of traditional jukeboxes has declined digital jukeboxes also called social jukebox have been introduced 18 See also EditBAL AMi Jukeboxes Boombox Music box Player piano Rock Ola Seeburg 1000 Sound Leisure Vending machineReferences Edit Athitakis Mark 1 December 1999 Riff Raff Jukebox hero and Gordon Dorsey SF Weekly Great Geek Manual Glass Arnold patents How the Era of the Jukebox Came and Went a b c d e f g h i j k Weiss Brett 15 October 2010 Rock on with vintage jukeboxes Antique Week Carlisle Rodney 2004 Scientific American Inventions and Discoveries Hoboken NJ Wiley ISBN 0 471 24410 4 Juke house Dictionary com Archived from the original on 16 March 2016 Retrieved 18 April 2022 Cowen Tyler 2000 In Praise of Commercial Culture Harvard University Press pp 164 166 ISBN 0 674 00188 5 Molanphy Chris 1 August 2013 How The Hot 100 Became America s Hit Barometer All Things Considered NPR Retrieved 14 March 2018 Miller Norman 11 May 2016 Why fans of vintage vinyl love this brand new machine BBC Capital Classic Jukeboxes SoundLeisure Matthieu Defoly invente le jukebox nouvelle generation Le Journal des Entreprises Ille et Vilaine Le Journal des Entreprises in French Retrieved 18 November 2020 Wurlitzer 1015 Picollecta Archived from the original on 14 January 2015 Retrieved 14 January 2015 Durox Par Solenne a 11h55 correspondante en BretagneLe 24 decembre 2019 24 December 2019 Bretagne le jukebox remis au gout du jour par un Rennais leparisien fr in French Retrieved 18 November 2020 Stamp Series United States Postal Service Archived from the original on 10 August 2013 Retrieved 2 September 2013 a b The iPod wars TheGuardian com November 2003 Biersdorfer J d 19 June 2003 NEWS WATCH PORTABLE AUDIO Music Lasts Longer on a Hybrid Player The New York Times New Nomad Jukebox Digital Music Player Really Turns up the Volume Los Angeles Times 14 September 2000 France Jasmine Create jukebox playlists before hitting the town cnet Retrieved 3 August 2016 External links Edit Media related to Jukeboxes at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Jukebox amp oldid 1146239234, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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