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Judgment of Paris (wine)

October 21, 2023

The Paris Wine Tasting of 1976, also known as the Judgment of Paris, was a wine competition organized in Paris on 24 May 1976 by Steven Spurrier, a British wine merchant and his colleague, Patricia Gallagher, in which French judges carried out two blind tasting comparisons: one of top-quality Chardonnays and another of red wines (Bordeaux wines from France and Cabernet Sauvignon wines from Napa, California).[1][2] A Napa wine rated best in each category, which caused surprise as France was generally regarded as being the foremost producer of the world's best wines. Spurrier sold only French wine and believed that the California wines would not win.[3]

The event's informal name "Judgment of Paris" is an allusion to the ancient Greek myth.

The wines Edit

 
Cabernet Sauvignon grapes from Ridge's Monte Bello vineyard.

Red wines

California Cabernet Sauvignon Vintage Bordeaux Vintage
Stag's Leap Wine Cellars 1973 Château Mouton-Rothschild 1970
Ridge Vineyards Monte Bello 1971 Château Montrose 1970
Heitz Wine Cellars Martha's Vineyard 1970 Château Haut-Brion 1970
Clos Du Val Winery 1972 Château Leoville Las Cases 1971
Mayacamas Vineyards 1971
Freemark Abbey Winery 1969
 
A bottle of 1973 Chateau Montelena Chardonnay that won the white wine competition.

White wines

The judges Edit

 
When the results were announced French judge Odette Kahn demanded her ballot back and later criticized the Paris tasting.

The eleven judges were (in alphabetical order):[4]

Method Edit

Blind tasting was performed and the judges were asked to grade each wine out of 20 points. No specific grading framework was given, leaving the judges free to grade according to their own criteria.

Rankings of the wines preferred by individual judges were based on the grades they individually attributed.

An overall ranking of the wines preferred by the jury was also established in averaging the sum of each judge's individual grades (arithmetic mean). However, grades of Patricia Gallagher and Steven Spurrier were not taken into account, thus counting only grades of French judges.[5]

The results Edit

White wines Edit

California Chardonnays vs. Burgundy Chardonnays[4]

Official jury results:

Rank Grade Wine Vintage Origin
1. 132 Chateau Montelena 1973   USA
2. 126.5 Meursault Charmes Roulot 1973   France
3. 121 Chalone Vineyard 1974   USA
4. 104 Spring Mountain Vineyard 1973   USA
5. 101 Beaune Clos des Mouches Joseph Drouhin 1973   France
6. 100 Freemark Abbey Winery 1972   USA
7. 94 Batard-Montrachet Ramonet-Prudhon 1973   France
8. 89 Puligny-Montrachet Les Pucelles Domaine Leflaive 1972   France
9. 88 Veedercrest Vineyards 1972   USA
10. 42 David Bruce Winery 1973   USA

Red wines Edit

California Cabernet Sauvignon vs. Bordeaux[4]

Official jury results：

Rank Grade Wine Vintage Origin
1. 127.5 Stag's Leap Wine Cellars 1973   USA
2. 126 Château Mouton-Rothschild 1970   France
3. 125.5 Château Haut-Brion 1970   France
4. 122 Château Montrose 1970   France
5. 105.5 Ridge Vineyards Monte Bello 1971   USA
6. 97 Château Leoville Las Cases 1971   France
7. 89.5 Mayacamas Vineyards 1971   USA
8. 87.5 Clos Du Val Winery 1972   USA
9. 84.5 Heitz Wine Cellars Martha's Vineyard 1970   USA
10. 78 Freemark Abbey Winery 1969   USA

Average Original grades: out of 20 points.

Rank Grade Wine Vintage Origin
1. 14.14 Stag's Leap Wine Cellars 1973   USA
2. 14.09 Château Mouton-Rothschild 1970   France
3. 13.64 Château Montrose 1970   France
4. 13.23 Château Haut-Brion 1970   France
5. 12.14 Ridge Vineyards Monte Bello 1971   USA
6. 11.18 Château Leoville Las Cases 1971   France
7. 10.36 Heitz Wine Cellars Martha's Vineyard 1970   USA
8. 10.14 Clos Du Val Winery 1972   USA
9. 9.95 Mayacamas Vineyards 1971   USA
10. 9.45 Freemark Abbey Winery 1969   USA

Breakdown by judge Edit

The original grades (out of 20 points) are shown, in alphabetical order by judge.[4]

 
Château Haut-Brion was judge Pierre Brejoux's highest ranking red wine selection.

Pierre Brejoux Original grades: out of 20 points.

Rank Grade Wine Vintage Origin
1. 17 Château Haut-Brion 1970   France
2. 16 Château Mouton-Rothschild 1970   France
3. 14 Stag's Leap Wine Cellars 1973   USA
3. 14 Clos Du Val Winery 1972   USA
5. 13 Ridge Vineyards Monte Bello 1971   USA
6. 12 Château Montrose 1970   France
6. 12 Heitz Wine Cellars Martha's Vineyard 1970   USA
8. 10 Château Leoville Las Cases 1971   France
9. 7 Mayacamas Vineyards 1971   USA
10. 5 Freemark Abbey Winery 1969   USA
 
Château Montrose was judge Claude Dubois-Millot's highest ranking red wine.

Claude Dubois-Millot Original grades: out of 20 points.

Rank Grade Wine Vintage Origin
1. 17 Château Montrose 1970   France
2. 16 Château Mouton-Rothschild 1970   France
2. 16 Stag's Leap Wine Cellars 1973   USA
4. 13.5 Château Haut-Brion 1970   France
5. 11 Château Leoville Las Cases 1971   France
6. 9.5 Mayacamas Vineyards 1971   USA
7. 9 Freemark Abbey Winery 1969   USA
7. 9 Clos Du Val Winery 1972   USA
9. 8 Heitz Wine Cellars Martha's Vineyard 1970   USA
10. 7 Ridge Vineyards Monte Bello 1971   USA
 
Chateau Mouton Rothschild was judge Michel Dovaz's highest ranking red wine.

Michel Dovaz Original grades: out of 20 points.

Rank Grade Wine Vintage Origin
1. 15 Château Mouton-Rothschild 1970   France
1. 15 Freemark Abbey Winery 1969   USA
3. 12 Château Haut-Brion 1970   France
3. 12 Ridge Vineyards Monte Bello 1971   USA
5. 11 Château Montrose 1970   France
5. 11 Heitz Wine Cellars Martha's Vineyard 1970   USA
5. 11 Clos Du Val Winery 1972   USA
8. 10 Château Leoville Las Cases 1971   France
8. 10 Stag's Leap Wine Cellars 1973   USA
10. 8 Mayacamas Vineyards 1971   USA

Patricia Gallagher Original grades: out of 20 points.

Rank Grade Wine Vintage Origin
1. 17 Heitz Wine Cellars Martha's Vineyard 1970   USA
2. 16 Ridge Vineyards Monte Bello 1971   USA
3. 15 Château Mouton-Rothschild 1970   France
3. 15 Freemark Abbey Winery 1969   USA
5. 14 Château Leoville Las Cases 1971   France
5. 14 Château Montrose 1970   France
5. 14 Stag's Leap Wine Cellars 1973   USA
8. 13 Clos Du Val Winery 1972   USA
9. 12 Château Haut-Brion 1970   France
10. 9 Mayacamas Vineyards 1971   USA
 
Stag's Leap Wine Cellars was judge Odette Kahn's highest ranking red wine.

Odette Kahn Original grades: out of 20 points.

Rank Grade Wine Vintage Origin
1. 15 Stag's Leap Wine Cellars 1973   USA
2. 13 Mayacamas Vineyards 1971   USA
3. 12 Château Mouton-Rothschild 1970   France
3. 12 Château Montrose 1970   France
3. 12 Château Leoville Las Cases 1971   France
3. 12 Château Haut-Brion 1970   France
7. 7 Ridge Vineyards Monte Bello 1971   USA
8. 5 Freemark Abbey Winery 1969   USA
9. 2 Heitz Wine Cellars Martha's Vineyard 1970   USA
9. 2 Clos Du Val Winery 1972   USA

Raymond Oliver Original grades: out of 20 points.

Rank Grade Wine Vintage Origin
1. 14 Château Montrose 1970   France
1. 14 Mayacamas Vineyards 1971   USA
1. 14 Stag's Leap Wine Cellars 1973   USA
4. 12 Château Mouton-Rothschild 1970   France
4. 12 Château Leoville Las Cases 1971   France
4. 12 Ridge Vineyards Monte Bello 1971   USA
7. 10 Château Haut-Brion 1970   France
7. 10 Clos Du Val Winery 1972   USA
7. 10 Heitz Wine Cellars Martha's Vineyard 1970   USA
10. 8 Freemark Abbey Winery 1969   USA

Steven Spurrier Original grades: out of 20 points.

Rank Grade Wine Vintage Origin
1. 14 Château Montrose 1970   France
1. 14 Château Mouton-Rothschild 1970   France
1. 14 Stag's Leap Wine Cellars 1973   USA
1. 14 Ridge Vineyards Monte Bello 1971   USA
5. 13 Heitz Wine Cellars Martha's Vineyard 1970   USA
5. 13 Freemark Abbey Winery 1969   USA
7. 12 Château Leoville Las Cases 1971   France
8. 11 Clos Du Val Winery 1972   USA
9. 9 Mayacamas Vineyards 1971   USA
10. 8 Château Haut-Brion 1970   France
 
Paul Draper was the winemaker who created the Ridge Monte Bello wine that was judge Pierre Tari's highest rated red.

Pierre Tari Original grades: out of 20 points.

Rank Grade Wine Vintage Origin
1. 17 Ridge Vineyards Monte Bello 1971   USA
2. 15 Heitz Wine Cellars Martha's Vineyard 1970   USA
3. 14 Château Montrose 1970   France
3. 14 Château Haut-Brion 1970   France
3. 14 Freemark Abbey Winery 1969   USA
6. 13 Clos Du Val Winery 1972   USA
6. 13 Stag's Leap Wine Cellars 1973   USA
8. 12 Château Leoville Las Cases 1971   France
8. 12 Mayacamas Vineyards 1971   USA
10. 11 Château Mouton-Rothschild 1970   France
 
Judge Christian Vanneque was head sommelier at the Paris restaurant La Tour d'Argent when he participated in the tasting.

Christian Vanneque Original grades: out of 20 points.

Rank Grade Wine Vintage Origin
1. 17 Château Haut-Brion 1970   France
2. 16.5 Clos Du Val Winery 1972   USA
2. 16.5 Stag's Leap Wine Cellars 1973   USA
4. 16 Château Mouton-Rothschild 1970   France
5. 15.5 Ridge Vineyards Monte Bello 1971   USA
6. 11 Château Montrose 1970   France
7. 10 Heitz Wine Cellars Martha's Vineyard 1970   USA
8. 8 Château Leoville Las Cases 1971   France
9. 6 Freemark Abbey Winery 1969   USA
10. 3 Mayacamas Vineyards 1971   USA
 
Château Haut-Brion was judge Aubert de Villaine's second highest red after Chateau Montrose.

Aubert de Villaine Original grades: out of 20 points.

Rank Grade Wine Vintage Origin
1. 16 Château Montrose 1970   France
2. 15 Château Haut-Brion 1970   France
2. 15 Stag's Leap Wine Cellars 1973   USA
4. 14 Château Mouton-Rothschild 1970   France
5. 12 Mayacamas Vineyards 1971   USA
6. 10 Château Leoville Las Cases 1971   France
7. 9 Ridge Vineyards Monte Bello 1971   USA
8. 7 Freemark Abbey Winery 1969   USA
8. 7 Heitz Wine Cellars Martha's Vineyard 1970   USA
10. 5 Clos Du Val Winery 1972   USA

Jean-Claude Vrinat Original grades: out of 20 points.

Rank Grade Wine Vintage Origin
1. 15 Château Montrose 1970   France
1. 15 Château Haut-Brion 1970   France
3. 14 Château Mouton-Rothschild 1970   France
3. 14 Stag's Leap Wine Cellars 1973   USA
5. 13 Mayacamas Vineyards 1971   USA
6. 12 Château Leoville Las Cases 1971   France
7. 11 Ridge Vineyards Monte Bello 1971   USA
8. 9 Heitz Wine Cellars Martha's Vineyard 1970   USA
9. 7 Freemark Abbey Winery 1969   USA
9. 7 Clos Du Val Winery 1972   USA

Controversies Edit

Statistical interpretation Edit

Orley Ashenfelter and Richard E. Quandt analyzed the results of all 11 judges instead of only nine and proposed a slightly different ranking (see below). They also stated that only the scores of the first two wines in their ranking were statistically valid, and that the seven other wines could not be differentiated statistically.[6]

  1.   USA Stag's Leap Wine Cellars '73
  2.   France Montrose '70
  3.   France Mouton '70
  4.   France Haut Brion '70
  5.   USA Ridge Monte Bello '71
  6.   USA Heitz Martha's '70
  7.   France Leoville-las-cases '71
  8.   USA Freemark Abbey '69
  9.   USA Mayacamas '71
  10.   USA Clos du Val '72

Tasting replications Edit

Some critics argued that French red wines would age better than the California reds, so this was tested.[7]

San Francisco Wine Tasting of 1978 Edit

The San Francisco Wine Tasting of 1978 was conducted 20 months after the Paris Wine Tasting of 1976. Steven Spurrier flew in from Paris to participate in the evaluations, which were held at the Vintners Club.[5][8]

On 11 January 1978, evaluators blind-tasted the same Chardonnays tasted earlier in Paris.

  1.   USA – 1974 Chalone Winery
  2.   USA – 1973 Chateau Montelena
  3.   USA – 1973 Spring Mountain Vineyard
  4.   France – 1972 Puligny-Montrachet Les Pucelles Domaine Leflaive.

Ranking lower were Meursault Charmes Roulot 1973, Beaune Clos des Mouches Joseph Drouhin 1973, and Batard-Montrachet Ramonet-Prudhon 1973.

On 12 January 1978, evaluators blind-tasted the same Cabernet Sauvignons tasted earlier in Paris.

  1.   USA – 1973 Stag's Leap Wine Cellars
  2.   USA – 1970 Heitz Wine Cellars Martha's vineyard
  3.   USA – 1971 Ridge Vineyards Monte Bello
  4.   France – 1970 Château Mouton Rothschild.

Ranking lower were Château Montrose 1970, Château Haut-Brion 1970, and Château Leoville Las Cases 1971.

French Culinary Institute Tasting of 1986 Edit

Two tastings were conducted by the French Culinary Institute (now called the International Culinary Center) on the tenth anniversary of the original Paris Wine Tasting. White wines were not evaluated in the belief that they were past their prime.[5]

Steven Spurrier, who organized the original 1976 wine competition, assisted in the anniversary tasting. Eight judges blind tasted nine of the ten wines evaluated. The evaluation resulted in the following ranking:

Results

Rank Wine

  1.   USA – Clos Du Val Winery 1972
  2.   USA – Ridge Vineyards Monte Bello
  3.   France – Château Montrose
  4.   France – Château Leoville Las Cases 1971
  5.   France – Château Mouton Rothschild 1970
  6.   USA – Stag's Leap Wine Cellars 1973
  7.   USA – Heitz Wine Cellars 1970
  8.   USA – Mayacamas Vineyards 1971
  9.   France – Château Haut-Brion

Wine Spectator Tasting of 1986 Edit

Four of the judges were experts from Wine Spectator and two were outsiders. All tasted the wines blind.

Results

Rank Wine

  1.   USA – Heitz Wine Cellars 1970
  2.   USA – Mayacamas Vineyards 1971
  3.   USA – Ridge Vineyards Monte Bello
  4.   USA – Stag's Leap Wine Cellars 1973
  5.   USA – Clos Du Val Winery 1972
  6.   France – Château Montrose 1970
  7.   France – Château Mouton Rothschild 1970
  8.   France – Château Leoville Las Cases 1971
  9.   USA – Freemark Abbey Winery 1969
  10.   France – Château Haut-Brion 1970

30th anniversary Edit

A 30th anniversary re-tasting on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean was organized by Steven Spurrier in 2006. As The Times reported "Despite the French tasters, many of whom had taken part in the original tasting, 'expecting the downfall' of the American vineyards, they had to admit that the harmony of the Californian cabernets had beaten them again. Judges on both continents gave top honors to a 1971 Ridge Monte Bello cabernet. Four Californian reds occupied the next placings before the highest-ranked Bordeaux, a 1970 Château Mouton-Rothschild, came in at sixth."[9][10]

The Tasting that Changed the Wine World: 'The Judgment of Paris' 30th Anniversary was conducted on 24 May 2006.[11]

The pearl anniversary was held simultaneously at the museum Copia in Napa, California, and in London at Berry Bros. & Rudd, Britain's oldest wine merchant.[10]

The panel of nine wine experts at Copia consisted of Dan Berger, Anthony Dias Blue, Stephen Brook, Wilfred Jaeger, Peter Marks MW, Paul Roberts MS, Andrea Immer Robinson MS, Jean-Michel Valette MW and Christian Vanneque, one of the original judges from the 1976 tasting.[11]

The panel of nine experts at Berry Bros. & Rudd consisted of Michel Bettane, Michael Broadbent MW, Michel Dovaz, Hugh Johnson, Matthew Jukes, Jane MacQuitty, Jasper Morris MW, Jancis Robinson OBE MW and Brian St. Pierre.[11]

The results showed that additional panels of experts again preferred the California wines over their French competitors.[10]

Results
  1.   USA – Ridge Vineyards Monte Bello 1971
  2.   USA – Stag's Leap Wine Cellars 1973
  3.   USA – Mayacamas Vineyards 1971 (tie)
  4.   USA – Heitz Wine Cellars 'Martha's Vineyard' 1970 (tie)
  5.   USA – Clos Du Val Winery 1972
  6.   France – Château Mouton-Rothschild 1970
  7.   France – Château Montrose 1970
  8.   France – Château Haut-Brion 1970
  9.   France – Château Leoville Las Cases 1971
  10.   USA – Freemark Abbey Winery 1969

Three of the Bordeaux wines in the competition were from the 1970 vintage, identified by the Conseil Interprofessionnel du Vin de Bordeaux (CIVB) as among the four best vintages in the past 45 years or more. The fourth Bordeaux was a 1971, described by the Conseil as "very good". Another official French authority, the Office national interprofessionnel des vins (Onivins), rates the 1971 vintage as "excellent".

The French wine producers had many years' experience making wine, whereas the California producers typically had only a few years' experience; the 1972 vintage was Clos Du Val's very first, yet it performed better than any of its French competitors.

Implications in the wine industry Edit

Although Spurrier had invited many reporters to the original 1976 tasting, the only reporter to attend was George M. Taber from Time, who promptly revealed the results to the world.[12] The horrified and enraged leaders of the French wine industry then banned Spurrier from the nation's prestigious wine-tasting tour for a year, apparently as punishment for the damage his tasting had done to its former image of superiority.[3] The tasting was not covered by the French press, who almost ignored the story. After nearly three months, Le Figaro published an article titled "Did the war of the cru take place?" describing the results as "laughable" and said they "cannot be taken seriously."[13] Six months after the tasting, Le Monde wrote a similarly toned article.[13]

The New York Times reported that several earlier tastings had occurred in the U.S., with American chardonnays judged ahead of their French rivals. One such tasting occurred in New York just six months before the Paris tasting, but "champions of the French wines argued that the tasters were Americans with possible bias toward American wines. What is more, they said, there was always the possibility that the Burgundies had been mistreated during the long trip from the (French) wineries." The Paris Wine Tasting of 1976 had a revolutionary impact on expanding the production and prestige of wine in the New World.[3] It also "gave the French a valuable incentive to review traditions that were sometimes more accumulations of habit and expediency, and to reexamine convictions that were little more than myths taken on trust."[14]

In the media Edit

See also Edit

References Edit

  1. ^ "The Paris Tasting". National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 5 August 2008.
  2. ^ a b Mobley, Esther (24 October 2018). "The hidden figures behind the Judgment of Paris". San Francisco Chronicle. from the original on 14 February 2019.
  3. ^ a b c Peterson, Thane (8 May 2001). . Business Week. Archived from the original (Much to France's chagrin, a blind taste test 25 years ago in Paris inadvertently launched California's fine wine industry) on 18 October 2007. Retrieved 19 July 2006.
  4. ^ a b c d Taber 2005, pp. 306–308
  5. ^ a b c Taber 2005, p. 218,238,276
  6. ^ Ashenfelter, Orley; Quandt, Richard E. (1976). "Analyzing a Wine Tasting Statistically". Liquid Asset.
  7. ^ Murphy, Linda (25 May 2006). "California wines beat the French – again Taste-off proves California wines age best, too". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 15 August 2008.
  8. ^ . Archived from the original on 10 February 2015.
  9. ^ Hamilton, Alan; Sanderson, David (25 May 2006). . The Times. Archived from the original on 11 March 2007.
  10. ^ a b c Murphy, Linda (25 May 2006). "California wines beat the French – again / Even after 30 years of aging, state's Cabernets still tops" (Chronicle wine editor). San Francisco Chronicle. from the original on 25 October 2012. Retrieved 27 April 2012.
  11. ^ a b c "Judgment of Paris: 1976 France v US winetasting duel to be recreated on 30th anniversary". Finfacts.com. Retrieved 27 April 2012.
  12. ^ Taber, George M. (7 June 1976). "Judgment of Paris" (Modern Living). Time. from the original on 8 November 2015. Retrieved 27 April 2012.
  13. ^ a b Taber 2005, p. 218
  14. ^ History in a Glass, p. 180.
  15. ^ Willsher, Kate (1 August 2007). "Hollywood goes nose to nose over French wine's darkest moment". The Guardian.
  16. ^ "Modern Marvels: How Wine Is Made - Full Episode (S13, E54)". The History Channel. Archived from the original on 21 December 2021 – via YouTube.
  17. ^ "Modern Marvels: Wine (S12, E49)". History Channel. 29 November 2006.
  18. ^ . The Weekly Calistogan. Napa Valley Register. 30 September 2015. Archived from the original on 22 March 2018.
  19. ^ Lechmere, Adam (18 November 2015). "Judgment Movie Finally Ready to Shoot". Wine-Searcher. from the original on 26 May 2017. Retrieved 21 April 2021.

Further reading Edit

  • Hinkle, Richard Paul. The Paris tasting revisited. Wines & Vines, August 1996, 77(8), 32–34.
  • Hulkower, Neal D. The Judgment of Paris According to Borda. Journal of Wine Research, 2009, 20(3), 171–182.
  • McCoy, Elin (25 July 2005). The Emperor of Wine: The Rise of Robert M. Parker, Jr., and the Reign of American Taste. New York: Harper Collins. ISBN 9780060093693.
  • Peterson, Thane. The Day California Wines Came of Age: Much to France's Chagrin: a Blind Taste Test 25 Years Ago in Paris inadvertently launched California's fine wine industry. Business Week, 8 May 2001.
  • Prial, Frank J. (9 June 1976). "Wine talk: California labels outdo French in blind test". The New York Times.
  • Prial, Frank J. (4 May 1976). "The day California shook the world blind tasting in Paris with U.S. winning highest scores". The New York Times.
  • Rice, William. Those winning American wines. The Washington Post, 13 June 1976.
  • Taber, George M. (13 September 2005), The Judgment of Paris: California vs France and the Historic 1976 Paris Tasting That Revolutionized Wine, Scribner, ISBN 978-0-7432-4751-1
  • Reichl, Ruth, ed. (7 March 2006). History in a Glass: Sixty Years of Wine Writing from Gourmet (The American Revolution: The Judgment of Paris – Gerald Asher). Modern Library. p. 176. ISBN 9780679643128.
  • Steinmetz, Katy (24 May 2016). "How America Kicked France in the Pants And Changed the World of Wine Forever". Time. from the original on 18 April 2017.
  • Winiarski, Warren. "Zut alors! The French like California wine". Wines & Vines. No. April 1991, 72(4). p. 28.
30th anniversary
  • Rose, Anthony (25 May 2006). "Thirty years after a shock defeat, French wines lose again to Californians in the great taste test". Independent.
  • "Judgment of Paris: 1976 France v US winetasting duel to be recreated on 30th anniversary". Finfacts.com. 24 May 2006.
  • Murphy, Linda (25 May 2006). "California wines beat the French – again: Even after 30 years of aging, state's Cabernets still tops". San Francisco Chronicle.
  • Yadegaran, Jessica. Do the French grow old gracefully? Contra Costa Times, 17 May 2006.
  • Yadegaran, Jessica. Napa v. Bordeaux, Round Two: Vintners re-enact famous '76 tasting. Contra Costa Times, 25 May 2006.

External links Edit

  • TIME Magazine: Modern Living: Judgement of Paris, 7 June 1976 by George M. Taber
  • Bottle Shock at IMDb
  • 40th anniversary of the Judgment of Paris on YouTube
30th anniversary tasting
  • Paris tasting recreated for 30th anniversary
  • "The Judgment of Paris: What the French didn't learn from the legendary wine-tasting." 30th anniversary article from Slate.com.

October 21, 2023
judgment, paris, wine, paris, wine, tasting, 1976, also, known, judgment, paris, wine, competition, organized, paris, 1976, steven, spurrier, british, wine, merchant, colleague, patricia, gallagher, which, french, judges, carried, blind, tasting, comparisons, . The Paris Wine Tasting of 1976 also known as the Judgment of Paris was a wine competition organized in Paris on 24 May 1976 by Steven Spurrier a British wine merchant and his colleague Patricia Gallagher in which French judges carried out two blind tasting comparisons one of top quality Chardonnays and another of red wines Bordeaux wines from France and Cabernet Sauvignon wines from Napa California 1 2 A Napa wine rated best in each category which caused surprise as France was generally regarded as being the foremost producer of the world s best wines Spurrier sold only French wine and believed that the California wines would not win 3 The event s informal name Judgment of Paris is an allusion to the ancient Greek myth Contents 1 The wines 2 The judges 3 Method 4 The results 4 1 White wines 4 2 Red wines 4 2 1 Breakdown by judge 5 Controversies 5 1 Statistical interpretation 5 2 Tasting replications 5 2 1 San Francisco Wine Tasting of 1978 5 2 2 French Culinary Institute Tasting of 1986 5 2 3 Wine Spectator Tasting of 1986 5 2 4 30th anniversary 6 Implications in the wine industry 7 In the media 8 See also 9 References 10 Further reading 11 External linksThe wines Edit nbsp Cabernet Sauvignon grapes from Ridge s Monte Bello vineyard Red wines California Cabernet Sauvignon Vintage Bordeaux VintageStag s Leap Wine Cellars 1973 Chateau Mouton Rothschild 1970Ridge Vineyards Monte Bello 1971 Chateau Montrose 1970Heitz Wine Cellars Martha s Vineyard 1970 Chateau Haut Brion 1970Clos Du Val Winery 1972 Chateau Leoville Las Cases 1971Mayacamas Vineyards 1971Freemark Abbey Winery 1969 nbsp A bottle of 1973 Chateau Montelena Chardonnay that won the white wine competition White wines California Chardonnay Vintage Burgundies VintageChateau Montelena 1973 Meursault Charmes Roulot 1973Chalone Vineyard 1974 Beaune Clos des Mouches Joseph Drouhin 1973Spring Mountain Vineyard 1973 Batard Montrachet Ramonet Prudhon 1973Freemark Abbey Winery 1972 Puligny Montrachet Les Pucelles Domaine Leflaive 1972Veedercrest Vineyards 1972David Bruce Winery 1973The judges Edit nbsp When the results were announced French judge Odette Kahn demanded her ballot back and later criticized the Paris tasting The eleven judges were in alphabetical order 4 Pierre Brejoux French of the Appellation d Origine Controlee Board Claude Dubois Millot French Substitute to Christian Millau Michel Dovaz French of the Wine Institute of France Patricia Gallagher American of l Academie du Vin 2 Odette Kahn French Editor of La Revue du vin de France Raymond Oliver French of the restaurant Le Grand Vefour Steven Spurrier British Founder of L Academie du Vin Pierre Tari French of Chateau Giscours Christian Vanneque French the sommelier of Tour D Argent Aubert de Villaine French of the Domaine de la Romanee Conti Jean Claude Vrinat French of the Restaurant TailleventMethod EditBlind tasting was performed and the judges were asked to grade each wine out of 20 points No specific grading framework was given leaving the judges free to grade according to their own criteria Rankings of the wines preferred by individual judges were based on the grades they individually attributed An overall ranking of the wines preferred by the jury was also established in averaging the sum of each judge s individual grades arithmetic mean However grades of Patricia Gallagher and Steven Spurrier were not taken into account thus counting only grades of French judges 5 The results EditWhite wines Edit California Chardonnays vs Burgundy Chardonnays 4 Official jury results Rank Grade Wine Vintage Origin1 132 Chateau Montelena 1973 nbsp USA2 126 5 Meursault Charmes Roulot 1973 nbsp France3 121 Chalone Vineyard 1974 nbsp USA4 104 Spring Mountain Vineyard 1973 nbsp USA5 101 Beaune Clos des Mouches Joseph Drouhin 1973 nbsp France6 100 Freemark Abbey Winery 1972 nbsp USA7 94 Batard Montrachet Ramonet Prudhon 1973 nbsp France8 89 Puligny Montrachet Les Pucelles Domaine Leflaive 1972 nbsp France9 88 Veedercrest Vineyards 1972 nbsp USA10 42 David Bruce Winery 1973 nbsp USARed wines Edit California Cabernet Sauvignon vs Bordeaux 4 Official jury results Rank Grade Wine Vintage Origin1 127 5 Stag s Leap Wine Cellars 1973 nbsp USA2 126 Chateau Mouton Rothschild 1970 nbsp France3 125 5 Chateau Haut Brion 1970 nbsp France4 122 Chateau Montrose 1970 nbsp France5 105 5 Ridge Vineyards Monte Bello 1971 nbsp USA6 97 Chateau Leoville Las Cases 1971 nbsp France7 89 5 Mayacamas Vineyards 1971 nbsp USA8 87 5 Clos Du Val Winery 1972 nbsp USA9 84 5 Heitz Wine Cellars Martha s Vineyard 1970 nbsp USA10 78 Freemark Abbey Winery 1969 nbsp USAAverage Original grades out of 20 points Rank Grade Wine Vintage Origin1 14 14 Stag s Leap Wine Cellars 1973 nbsp USA2 14 09 Chateau Mouton Rothschild 1970 nbsp France3 13 64 Chateau Montrose 1970 nbsp France4 13 23 Chateau Haut Brion 1970 nbsp France5 12 14 Ridge Vineyards Monte Bello 1971 nbsp USA6 11 18 Chateau Leoville Las Cases 1971 nbsp France7 10 36 Heitz Wine Cellars Martha s Vineyard 1970 nbsp USA8 10 14 Clos Du Val Winery 1972 nbsp USA9 9 95 Mayacamas Vineyards 1971 nbsp USA10 9 45 Freemark Abbey Winery 1969 nbsp USABreakdown by judge Edit The original grades out of 20 points are shown in alphabetical order by judge 4 nbsp Chateau Haut Brion was judge Pierre Brejoux s highest ranking red wine selection Pierre Brejoux Original grades out of 20 points Rank Grade Wine Vintage Origin1 17 Chateau Haut Brion 1970 nbsp France2 16 Chateau Mouton Rothschild 1970 nbsp France3 14 Stag s Leap Wine Cellars 1973 nbsp USA3 14 Clos Du Val Winery 1972 nbsp USA5 13 Ridge Vineyards Monte Bello 1971 nbsp USA6 12 Chateau Montrose 1970 nbsp France6 12 Heitz Wine Cellars Martha s Vineyard 1970 nbsp USA8 10 Chateau Leoville Las Cases 1971 nbsp France9 7 Mayacamas Vineyards 1971 nbsp USA10 5 Freemark Abbey Winery 1969 nbsp USA nbsp Chateau Montrose was judge Claude Dubois Millot s highest ranking red wine Claude Dubois Millot Original grades out of 20 points Rank Grade Wine Vintage Origin1 17 Chateau Montrose 1970 nbsp France2 16 Chateau Mouton Rothschild 1970 nbsp France2 16 Stag s Leap Wine Cellars 1973 nbsp USA4 13 5 Chateau Haut Brion 1970 nbsp France5 11 Chateau Leoville Las Cases 1971 nbsp France6 9 5 Mayacamas Vineyards 1971 nbsp USA7 9 Freemark Abbey Winery 1969 nbsp USA7 9 Clos Du Val Winery 1972 nbsp USA9 8 Heitz Wine Cellars Martha s Vineyard 1970 nbsp USA10 7 Ridge Vineyards Monte Bello 1971 nbsp USA nbsp Chateau Mouton Rothschild was judge Michel Dovaz s highest ranking red wine Michel Dovaz Original grades out of 20 points Rank Grade Wine Vintage Origin1 15 Chateau Mouton Rothschild 1970 nbsp France1 15 Freemark Abbey Winery 1969 nbsp USA3 12 Chateau Haut Brion 1970 nbsp France3 12 Ridge Vineyards Monte Bello 1971 nbsp USA5 11 Chateau Montrose 1970 nbsp France5 11 Heitz Wine Cellars Martha s Vineyard 1970 nbsp USA5 11 Clos Du Val Winery 1972 nbsp USA8 10 Chateau Leoville Las Cases 1971 nbsp France8 10 Stag s Leap Wine Cellars 1973 nbsp USA10 8 Mayacamas Vineyards 1971 nbsp USAPatricia Gallagher Original grades out of 20 points Rank Grade Wine Vintage Origin1 17 Heitz Wine Cellars Martha s Vineyard 1970 nbsp USA2 16 Ridge Vineyards Monte Bello 1971 nbsp USA3 15 Chateau Mouton Rothschild 1970 nbsp France3 15 Freemark Abbey Winery 1969 nbsp USA5 14 Chateau Leoville Las Cases 1971 nbsp France5 14 Chateau Montrose 1970 nbsp France5 14 Stag s Leap Wine Cellars 1973 nbsp USA8 13 Clos Du Val Winery 1972 nbsp USA9 12 Chateau Haut Brion 1970 nbsp France10 9 Mayacamas Vineyards 1971 nbsp USA nbsp Stag s Leap Wine Cellars was judge Odette Kahn s highest ranking red wine Odette Kahn Original grades out of 20 points Rank Grade Wine Vintage Origin1 15 Stag s Leap Wine Cellars 1973 nbsp USA2 13 Mayacamas Vineyards 1971 nbsp USA3 12 Chateau Mouton Rothschild 1970 nbsp France3 12 Chateau Montrose 1970 nbsp France3 12 Chateau Leoville Las Cases 1971 nbsp France3 12 Chateau Haut Brion 1970 nbsp France7 7 Ridge Vineyards Monte Bello 1971 nbsp USA8 5 Freemark Abbey Winery 1969 nbsp USA9 2 Heitz Wine Cellars Martha s Vineyard 1970 nbsp USA9 2 Clos Du Val Winery 1972 nbsp USARaymond Oliver Original grades out of 20 points Rank Grade Wine Vintage Origin1 14 Chateau Montrose 1970 nbsp France1 14 Mayacamas Vineyards 1971 nbsp USA1 14 Stag s Leap Wine Cellars 1973 nbsp USA4 12 Chateau Mouton Rothschild 1970 nbsp France4 12 Chateau Leoville Las Cases 1971 nbsp France4 12 Ridge Vineyards Monte Bello 1971 nbsp USA7 10 Chateau Haut Brion 1970 nbsp France7 10 Clos Du Val Winery 1972 nbsp USA7 10 Heitz Wine Cellars Martha s Vineyard 1970 nbsp USA10 8 Freemark Abbey Winery 1969 nbsp USASteven Spurrier Original grades out of 20 points Rank Grade Wine Vintage Origin1 14 Chateau Montrose 1970 nbsp France1 14 Chateau Mouton Rothschild 1970 nbsp France1 14 Stag s Leap Wine Cellars 1973 nbsp USA1 14 Ridge Vineyards Monte Bello 1971 nbsp USA5 13 Heitz Wine Cellars Martha s Vineyard 1970 nbsp USA5 13 Freemark Abbey Winery 1969 nbsp USA7 12 Chateau Leoville Las Cases 1971 nbsp France8 11 Clos Du Val Winery 1972 nbsp USA9 9 Mayacamas Vineyards 1971 nbsp USA10 8 Chateau Haut Brion 1970 nbsp France nbsp Paul Draper was the winemaker who created the Ridge Monte Bello wine that was judge Pierre Tari s highest rated red Pierre Tari Original grades out of 20 points Rank Grade Wine Vintage Origin1 17 Ridge Vineyards Monte Bello 1971 nbsp USA2 15 Heitz Wine Cellars Martha s Vineyard 1970 nbsp USA3 14 Chateau Montrose 1970 nbsp France3 14 Chateau Haut Brion 1970 nbsp France3 14 Freemark Abbey Winery 1969 nbsp USA6 13 Clos Du Val Winery 1972 nbsp USA6 13 Stag s Leap Wine Cellars 1973 nbsp USA8 12 Chateau Leoville Las Cases 1971 nbsp France8 12 Mayacamas Vineyards 1971 nbsp USA10 11 Chateau Mouton Rothschild 1970 nbsp France nbsp Judge Christian Vanneque was head sommelier at the Paris restaurant La Tour d Argent when he participated in the tasting Christian Vanneque Original grades out of 20 points Rank Grade Wine Vintage Origin1 17 Chateau Haut Brion 1970 nbsp France2 16 5 Clos Du Val Winery 1972 nbsp USA2 16 5 Stag s Leap Wine Cellars 1973 nbsp USA4 16 Chateau Mouton Rothschild 1970 nbsp France5 15 5 Ridge Vineyards Monte Bello 1971 nbsp USA6 11 Chateau Montrose 1970 nbsp France7 10 Heitz Wine Cellars Martha s Vineyard 1970 nbsp USA8 8 Chateau Leoville Las Cases 1971 nbsp France9 6 Freemark Abbey Winery 1969 nbsp USA10 3 Mayacamas Vineyards 1971 nbsp USA nbsp Chateau Haut Brion was judge Aubert de Villaine s second highest red after Chateau Montrose Aubert de Villaine Original grades out of 20 points Rank Grade Wine Vintage Origin1 16 Chateau Montrose 1970 nbsp France2 15 Chateau Haut Brion 1970 nbsp France2 15 Stag s Leap Wine Cellars 1973 nbsp USA4 14 Chateau Mouton Rothschild 1970 nbsp France5 12 Mayacamas Vineyards 1971 nbsp USA6 10 Chateau Leoville Las Cases 1971 nbsp France7 9 Ridge Vineyards Monte Bello 1971 nbsp USA8 7 Freemark Abbey Winery 1969 nbsp USA8 7 Heitz Wine Cellars Martha s Vineyard 1970 nbsp USA10 5 Clos Du Val Winery 1972 nbsp USAJean Claude Vrinat Original grades out of 20 points Rank Grade Wine Vintage Origin1 15 Chateau Montrose 1970 nbsp France1 15 Chateau Haut Brion 1970 nbsp France3 14 Chateau Mouton Rothschild 1970 nbsp France3 14 Stag s Leap Wine Cellars 1973 nbsp USA5 13 Mayacamas Vineyards 1971 nbsp USA6 12 Chateau Leoville Las Cases 1971 nbsp France7 11 Ridge Vineyards Monte Bello 1971 nbsp USA8 9 Heitz Wine Cellars Martha s Vineyard 1970 nbsp USA9 7 Freemark Abbey Winery 1969 nbsp USA9 7 Clos Du Val Winery 1972 nbsp USAControversies EditStatistical interpretation Edit Orley Ashenfelter and Richard E Quandt analyzed the results of all 11 judges instead of only nine and proposed a slightly different ranking see below They also stated that only the scores of the first two wines in their ranking were statistically valid and that the seven other wines could not be differentiated statistically 6 nbsp USA Stag s Leap Wine Cellars 73 nbsp France Montrose 70 nbsp France Mouton 70 nbsp France Haut Brion 70 nbsp USA Ridge Monte Bello 71 nbsp USA Heitz Martha s 70 nbsp France Leoville las cases 71 nbsp USA Freemark Abbey 69 nbsp USA Mayacamas 71 nbsp USA Clos du Val 72Tasting replications Edit Some critics argued that French red wines would age better than the California reds so this was tested 7 San Francisco Wine Tasting of 1978 Edit The San Francisco Wine Tasting of 1978 was conducted 20 months after the Paris Wine Tasting of 1976 Steven Spurrier flew in from Paris to participate in the evaluations which were held at the Vintners Club 5 8 On 11 January 1978 evaluators blind tasted the same Chardonnays tasted earlier in Paris nbsp USA 1974 Chalone Winery nbsp USA 1973 Chateau Montelena nbsp USA 1973 Spring Mountain Vineyard nbsp France 1972 Puligny Montrachet Les Pucelles Domaine Leflaive Ranking lower were Meursault Charmes Roulot 1973 Beaune Clos des Mouches Joseph Drouhin 1973 and Batard Montrachet Ramonet Prudhon 1973 On 12 January 1978 evaluators blind tasted the same Cabernet Sauvignons tasted earlier in Paris nbsp USA 1973 Stag s Leap Wine Cellars nbsp USA 1970 Heitz Wine Cellars Martha s vineyard nbsp USA 1971 Ridge Vineyards Monte Bello nbsp France 1970 Chateau Mouton Rothschild Ranking lower were Chateau Montrose 1970 Chateau Haut Brion 1970 and Chateau Leoville Las Cases 1971 French Culinary Institute Tasting of 1986 Edit Two tastings were conducted by the French Culinary Institute now called the International Culinary Center on the tenth anniversary of the original Paris Wine Tasting White wines were not evaluated in the belief that they were past their prime 5 Steven Spurrier who organized the original 1976 wine competition assisted in the anniversary tasting Eight judges blind tasted nine of the ten wines evaluated The evaluation resulted in the following ranking ResultsRank Wine nbsp USA Clos Du Val Winery 1972 nbsp USA Ridge Vineyards Monte Bello nbsp France Chateau Montrose nbsp France Chateau Leoville Las Cases 1971 nbsp France Chateau Mouton Rothschild 1970 nbsp USA Stag s Leap Wine Cellars 1973 nbsp USA Heitz Wine Cellars 1970 nbsp USA Mayacamas Vineyards 1971 nbsp France Chateau Haut BrionWine Spectator Tasting of 1986 Edit Four of the judges were experts from Wine Spectator and two were outsiders All tasted the wines blind ResultsRank Wine nbsp USA Heitz Wine Cellars 1970 nbsp USA Mayacamas Vineyards 1971 nbsp USA Ridge Vineyards Monte Bello nbsp USA Stag s Leap Wine Cellars 1973 nbsp USA Clos Du Val Winery 1972 nbsp France Chateau Montrose 1970 nbsp France Chateau Mouton Rothschild 1970 nbsp France Chateau Leoville Las Cases 1971 nbsp USA Freemark Abbey Winery 1969 nbsp France Chateau Haut Brion 197030th anniversary Edit A 30th anniversary re tasting on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean was organized by Steven Spurrier in 2006 As The Times reported Despite the French tasters many of whom had taken part in the original tasting expecting the downfall of the American vineyards they had to admit that the harmony of the Californian cabernets had beaten them again Judges on both continents gave top honors to a 1971 Ridge Monte Bello cabernet Four Californian reds occupied the next placings before the highest ranked Bordeaux a 1970 Chateau Mouton Rothschild came in at sixth 9 10 The Tasting that Changed the Wine World The Judgment of Paris 30th Anniversary was conducted on 24 May 2006 11 The pearl anniversary was held simultaneously at the museum Copia in Napa California and in London at Berry Bros amp Rudd Britain s oldest wine merchant 10 The panel of nine wine experts at Copia consisted of Dan Berger Anthony Dias Blue Stephen Brook Wilfred Jaeger Peter Marks MW Paul Roberts MS Andrea Immer Robinson MS Jean Michel Valette MW and Christian Vanneque one of the original judges from the 1976 tasting 11 The panel of nine experts at Berry Bros amp Rudd consisted of Michel Bettane Michael Broadbent MW Michel Dovaz Hugh Johnson Matthew Jukes Jane MacQuitty Jasper Morris MW Jancis Robinson OBE MW and Brian St Pierre 11 The results showed that additional panels of experts again preferred the California wines over their French competitors 10 Results nbsp USA Ridge Vineyards Monte Bello 1971 nbsp USA Stag s Leap Wine Cellars 1973 nbsp USA Mayacamas Vineyards 1971 tie nbsp USA Heitz Wine Cellars Martha s Vineyard 1970 tie nbsp USA Clos Du Val Winery 1972 nbsp France Chateau Mouton Rothschild 1970 nbsp France Chateau Montrose 1970 nbsp France Chateau Haut Brion 1970 nbsp France Chateau Leoville Las Cases 1971 nbsp USA Freemark Abbey Winery 1969Three of the Bordeaux wines in the competition were from the 1970 vintage identified by the Conseil Interprofessionnel du Vin de Bordeaux CIVB as among the four best vintages in the past 45 years or more The fourth Bordeaux was a 1971 described by the Conseil as very good Another official French authority the Office national interprofessionnel des vins Onivins rates the 1971 vintage as excellent The French wine producers had many years experience making wine whereas the California producers typically had only a few years experience the 1972 vintage was Clos Du Val s very first yet it performed better than any of its French competitors Implications in the wine industry EditAlthough Spurrier had invited many reporters to the original 1976 tasting the only reporter to attend was George M Taber from Time who promptly revealed the results to the world 12 The horrified and enraged leaders of the French wine industry then banned Spurrier from the nation s prestigious wine tasting tour for a year apparently as punishment for the damage his tasting had done to its former image of superiority 3 The tasting was not covered by the French press who almost ignored the story After nearly three months Le Figaro published an article titled Did the war of the cru take place describing the results as laughable and said they cannot be taken seriously 13 Six months after the tasting Le Monde wrote a similarly toned article 13 The New York Times reported that several earlier tastings had occurred in the U S with American chardonnays judged ahead of their French rivals One such tasting occurred in New York just six months before the Paris tasting but champions of the French wines argued that the tasters were Americans with possible bias toward American wines What is more they said there was always the possibility that the Burgundies had been mistreated during the long trip from the French wineries The Paris Wine Tasting of 1976 had a revolutionary impact on expanding the production and prestige of wine in the New World 3 It also gave the French a valuable incentive to review traditions that were sometimes more accumulations of habit and expediency and to reexamine convictions that were little more than myths taken on trust 14 In the media EditBottle Shock a feature film starring Alan Rickman and Chris Pine dramatized the 1976 wine tasting and debuted at the 2008 Sundance Film Festival A second film Judgment of Paris based on George Taber s book of the same name was in production and there has been controversy between the makers of the two films with allegations of defamation and misrepresentation 15 Modern Marvels S 13 E 54 How Wine is Made 16 17 Discussion of the event is summarized in this History channel show Hollywood screenwriter Robert Mark Kamen is filming the movie Judgment of Paris based on George Taber s book 18 19 See also Edit nbsp Wine portalA W Baxter Mike Grgich Warren WiniarskiReferences Edit The Paris Tasting National Museum of American History Smithsonian Institution Retrieved 5 August 2008 a b Mobley Esther 24 October 2018 The hidden figures behind the Judgment of Paris San Francisco Chronicle Archived from the original on 14 February 2019 a b c Peterson Thane 8 May 2001 The Day California Wines Came of Age Business Week Archived from the original Much to France s chagrin a blind taste test 25 years ago in Paris inadvertently launched California s fine wine industry on 18 October 2007 Retrieved 19 July 2006 a b c d Taber 2005 pp 306 308 a b c Taber 2005 p 218 238 276 Ashenfelter Orley Quandt Richard E 1976 Analyzing a Wine Tasting Statistically Liquid Asset Murphy Linda 25 May 2006 California wines beat the French again Taste off proves California wines age best too San Francisco Chronicle Retrieved 15 August 2008 Vintners Club Archived from the original on 10 February 2015 Hamilton Alan Sanderson David 25 May 2006 California reds win by a nose in tasting rematch The Times Archived from the original on 11 March 2007 a b c Murphy Linda 25 May 2006 California wines beat the French again Even after 30 years of aging state s Cabernets still tops Chronicle wine editor San Francisco Chronicle Archived from the original on 25 October 2012 Retrieved 27 April 2012 a b c Judgment of Paris 1976 France v US winetasting duel to be recreated on 30th anniversary Finfacts com Retrieved 27 April 2012 Taber George M 7 June 1976 Judgment of Paris Modern Living Time Archived from the original on 8 November 2015 Retrieved 27 April 2012 a b Taber 2005 p 218 History in a Glass p 180 Willsher Kate 1 August 2007 Hollywood goes nose to nose over French wine s darkest moment The Guardian Modern Marvels How Wine Is Made Full Episode S13 E54 The History Channel Archived from the original on 21 December 2021 via YouTube Modern Marvels Wine S12 E49 History Channel 29 November 2006 Mike Grgich filmed for upcoming Judgment of Paris movie The Weekly Calistogan Napa Valley Register 30 September 2015 Archived from the original on 22 March 2018 Lechmere Adam 18 November 2015 Judgment Movie Finally Ready to Shoot Wine Searcher Archived from the original on 26 May 2017 Retrieved 21 April 2021 Further reading EditHinkle Richard Paul The Paris tasting revisited Wines amp Vines August 1996 77 8 32 34 Hulkower Neal D The Judgment of Paris According to Borda Journal of Wine Research 2009 20 3 171 182 McCoy Elin 25 July 2005 The Emperor of Wine The Rise of Robert M Parker Jr and the Reign of American Taste New York Harper Collins ISBN 9780060093693 Peterson Thane The Day California Wines Came of Age Much to France s Chagrin a Blind Taste Test 25 Years Ago in Paris inadvertently launched California s fine wine industry Business Week 8 May 2001 Prial Frank J 9 June 1976 Wine talk California labels outdo French in blind test The New York Times Prial Frank J 4 May 1976 The day California shook the world blind tasting in Paris with U S winning highest scores The New York Times Rice William Those winning American wines The Washington Post 13 June 1976 Taber George M 13 September 2005 The Judgment of Paris California vs France and the Historic 1976 Paris Tasting That Revolutionized Wine Scribner ISBN 978 0 7432 4751 1 Reichl Ruth ed 7 March 2006 History in a Glass Sixty Years of Wine Writing from Gourmet The American Revolution The Judgment of Paris Gerald Asher Modern Library p 176 ISBN 9780679643128 Steinmetz Katy 24 May 2016 How America Kicked France in the Pants And Changed the World of Wine Forever Time Archived from the original on 18 April 2017 Winiarski Warren Zut alors The French like California wine Wines amp Vines No April 1991 72 4 p 28 30th anniversaryRose Anthony 25 May 2006 Thirty years after a shock defeat French wines lose again to Californians in the great taste test Independent Judgment of Paris 1976 France v US winetasting duel to be recreated on 30th anniversary Finfacts com 24 May 2006 Murphy Linda 25 May 2006 California wines beat the French again Even after 30 years of aging state s Cabernets still tops San Francisco Chronicle Yadegaran Jessica Do the French grow old gracefully Contra Costa Times 17 May 2006 Yadegaran Jessica Napa v Bordeaux Round Two Vintners re enact famous 76 tasting Contra Costa Times 25 May 2006 External links EditTIME Magazine Modern Living Judgement of Paris 7 June 1976 by George M Taber Bottle Shock at IMDb 40th anniversary of the Judgment of Paris on YouTube30th anniversary tastingParis tasting recreated for 30th anniversary The Judgment of Paris What the French didn t learn from the legendary wine tasting 30th anniversary article from Slate com Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Judgment of Paris wine amp oldid 1178599143, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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