This article's lead sectionmay be too short to adequately summarize the key points. Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article.(February 2021)
Judah Touro (June 16, 1775 – January 18, 1854) was an American businessman and philanthropist.[1]
Touro fell in love with his cousin but was forbidden marriage by her father, who sent him on a trading voyage to the Mediterranean in hopes of ending the romance.[5] Judah went to New Orleans in October 1801 where he opened a small store. He sold soap, candles, codfish, and other exports of New England, eventually becoming a prominent merchant and ship owner, particularly after the Louisiana Purchase propelled the growth of the region and its commerce.
He enlisted in Andrew Jackson's army in the War of 1812 in spite of poor health. He was physically incapacitated from fighting, so he volunteered to carry ammunition to the batteries in the Battle of New Orleans, in which he was struck on the thigh by a 12-pound shot which tore off a large mass of the flesh. He was given up for dead but was saved by Rezin Davis Shepherd, a Virginia merchant. Shepherd helped nurse him back to health, and their close friendship continued throughout their lives. He recovered for a year after the war, then resumed building his business interests in shipping, trade, and real estate.[5] He made a point of never mortgaging current properties to acquire new ones, and he lived a simple life in a small apartment. "I have saved a fortune by strict economy," he said, "while others had spent one by their liberal expenditures."[6]
Charitable worksedit
Judah Touro's lasting fame, however, was as a philanthropist. He contributed $40,000—an immense sum at the time—to the Jewish cemetery at Newport, and bought the Old Stone Mill there, at that time thought to have been built by Norsemen, giving it to the city.[7] The park surrounding it is still known as Touro Park.
In New Orleans, he used his business profits to buy and endow a cemetery, and to build a synagogue, an almshouse and an infirmary for sailors suffering from yellow fever, as well as a Unitarian church for a minister named Theodore Clapp whom he greatly admired. The infirmary became the largest free hospital in Louisiana, the Touro Infirmary.[8] He was a major contributor to many Christian charities in New Orleans, as well as to such varied causes as the American Revolutionary War monument at Bunker Hill, and the relief of victims of a large fire in Mobile, Alabama. In a New Orleans fund-raising drive for Christians suffering persecution in Jerusalem, he gave ten times more than any other donor.[9] One profile of Touro particularly praised his willingness to give both to Jewish and non-Jewish religious causes: "An admirable trait evinced, was the unsectarian distribution of charity, while the donor ever continued a strict adherent to the principles of his faith."[10] His $20,000 donation to The Jews' Hospital in New York City (now Mount Sinai Hospital) led to its opening in 1855.[11]
Touro also participated in charity on a personal level, giving $1,500 to a woman who asked for help for her starving children and paying the $900 debt of an alcoholic man with a large family so that the man's children would be spared the separation from their parent. Rev. Theodore Clapp reported that Touro had given him not less than $20,000 over the course of their friendship.[12] These stories are said to represent only a small portion of his personal giving, as he preferred to remain anonymous.[13] Morais remarks, "It would be an impossibility to enumerate all the acts of munificent beneficence performed by Judah Touro."[14]
At his death, his estate provided endowments for nearly all the Jewish congregations in the United States, bequests to hospitals and orphanages in Massachusetts. His bequeaths funded the first Jewish residential settlement and almshouse outside the Old City of Jerusalem, Mishkenot Sha'ananim. A bequeathment to the Hebrew Education Society of Philadelphia led to the 1891 construction of a Jewish education center named Touro Hall in his honor.[15] His will gave more than $500,000 to different causes, a sum which would equal approximately $9 million in modern terms.[9] His will also included another bequest, to his cousin Catherine Hays—"as an expression of the kind remembrance in which that esteemed friend is held by me." Hays, however, died in Virginia only days before Touro's own death.[16]
He is buried in the Jewish Touro Cemetery of Newport. The inscription on his tombstone reads: "To the Memory of / Judah Touro / He inscribed it in the Book of / Philanthropy / To be remembered forever."[16]
Touro lived in New Orleans for more than 50 years, and at the time of his death, was one of the wealthiest and most prominent members of the city's Jewish community. Touro Infirmary and Touro Synagogue named in his memory and thanks to his charity are among his more prominent legacies in the city.[18]
^"Touro, Judah: The Database of Early American Jewish Portraits". The American Jewish Historical Society. 2009. Retrieved 9 July 2012.[permanent dead link]
^Henry Samuel Morais. Eminent Israelites of the Nineteenth Century: A Series of Biographical Sketches, p. 336.
^Niss, Barbara. This House of Noble Deeds: The Mount Sinai Hospital, 1852–2002, New York: NYU Press, 2002, ISBN0-8147-0500-6
^Clapp, Theodore. Autobiographical Sketches and Recollections, during a thirty-five years' residence in New Orleans, Boston: Phillips, Sampson & Co., 1857. P.103
Adelman, David C. Life and times of Judah Touro. [Newport] Touro Fraternal Association, 1936.
Gutstein, Morris A. Aaron Lopez and Judah Touro: A refugee and a son of a refugee. New York, Behrman's Jewish Book House, 1939. (An earlier version of this book was published in 1931 under the title Aaron Lopez and Judah Touro.)
Gutstein, Morris. The Touro family in Newport. Newport Historical Society, no. 94, 1935, pp. 1–39.
Huhner, Leon. The life of Judah Touro (1775–1854). Philadelphia, Jewish Publication Society of America, 1946.
External linksedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Judah Touro.
judah, touro, this, article, lead, section, short, adequately, summarize, points, please, consider, expanding, lead, provide, accessible, overview, important, aspects, article, february, 2021, june, 1775, january, 1854, american, businessman, philanthropist, b. This article s lead section may be too short to adequately summarize the key points Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article February 2021 Judah Touro June 16 1775 January 18 1854 was an American businessman and philanthropist 1 Judah TouroBorn 1775 06 16 June 16 1775Newport Colony of Rhode Island and Providence PlantationsDiedJanuary 18 1854 1854 01 18 aged 78 New Orleans LouisianaOccupation s Businessman philanthropistParent s Isaac TouroReyna Touro Contents 1 Early life and career 2 Charitable works 3 New Orleans 4 Notes 5 Further reading 6 External linksEarly life and career editTouro s father Isaac Touro of Holland was chosen as the hazzan at the Touro Synagogue in 1762 a Portuguese Sephardic congregation in Newport Rhode Island 2 3 The family moved to New York in 1780 after the British occupied Newport during the American Revolutionary war they moved to Kingston Jamaica in 1782 Isaac died in 1783 and his wife Reyna moved the family to Boston to live with her brother Moses Michael Hays She died in 1787 and Judah and his siblings were raised by his uncle a merchant who helped found Boston s first bank 4 Touro fell in love with his cousin but was forbidden marriage by her father who sent him on a trading voyage to the Mediterranean in hopes of ending the romance 5 Judah went to New Orleans in October 1801 where he opened a small store He sold soap candles codfish and other exports of New England eventually becoming a prominent merchant and ship owner particularly after the Louisiana Purchase propelled the growth of the region and its commerce He enlisted in Andrew Jackson s army in the War of 1812 in spite of poor health He was physically incapacitated from fighting so he volunteered to carry ammunition to the batteries in the Battle of New Orleans in which he was struck on the thigh by a 12 pound shot which tore off a large mass of the flesh He was given up for dead but was saved by Rezin Davis Shepherd a Virginia merchant Shepherd helped nurse him back to health and their close friendship continued throughout their lives He recovered for a year after the war then resumed building his business interests in shipping trade and real estate 5 He made a point of never mortgaging current properties to acquire new ones and he lived a simple life in a small apartment I have saved a fortune by strict economy he said while others had spent one by their liberal expenditures 6 Charitable works editJudah Touro s lasting fame however was as a philanthropist He contributed 40 000 an immense sum at the time to the Jewish cemetery at Newport and bought the Old Stone Mill there at that time thought to have been built by Norsemen giving it to the city 7 The park surrounding it is still known as Touro Park In New Orleans he used his business profits to buy and endow a cemetery and to build a synagogue an almshouse and an infirmary for sailors suffering from yellow fever as well as a Unitarian church for a minister named Theodore Clapp whom he greatly admired The infirmary became the largest free hospital in Louisiana the Touro Infirmary 8 He was a major contributor to many Christian charities in New Orleans as well as to such varied causes as the American Revolutionary War monument at Bunker Hill and the relief of victims of a large fire in Mobile Alabama In a New Orleans fund raising drive for Christians suffering persecution in Jerusalem he gave ten times more than any other donor 9 One profile of Touro particularly praised his willingness to give both to Jewish and non Jewish religious causes An admirable trait evinced was the unsectarian distribution of charity while the donor ever continued a strict adherent to the principles of his faith 10 His 20 000 donation to The Jews Hospital in New York City now Mount Sinai Hospital led to its opening in 1855 11 Touro also participated in charity on a personal level giving 1 500 to a woman who asked for help for her starving children and paying the 900 debt of an alcoholic man with a large family so that the man s children would be spared the separation from their parent Rev Theodore Clapp reported that Touro had given him not less than 20 000 over the course of their friendship 12 These stories are said to represent only a small portion of his personal giving as he preferred to remain anonymous 13 Morais remarks It would be an impossibility to enumerate all the acts of munificent beneficence performed by Judah Touro 14 nbsp Touro Cemetery in Newport 1850 At his death his estate provided endowments for nearly all the Jewish congregations in the United States bequests to hospitals and orphanages in Massachusetts His bequeaths funded the first Jewish residential settlement and almshouse outside the Old City of Jerusalem Mishkenot Sha ananim A bequeathment to the Hebrew Education Society of Philadelphia led to the 1891 construction of a Jewish education center named Touro Hall in his honor 15 His will gave more than 500 000 to different causes a sum which would equal approximately 9 million in modern terms 9 His will also included another bequest to his cousin Catherine Hays as an expression of the kind remembrance in which that esteemed friend is held by me Hays however died in Virginia only days before Touro s own death 16 He is buried in the Jewish Touro Cemetery of Newport The inscription on his tombstone reads To the Memory of Judah Touro He inscribed it in the Book of Philanthropy To be remembered forever 16 Touro College in New York State is named for him and his father Isaac 17 New Orleans edit nbsp Touro Synagogue Uptown New OrleansTouro lived in New Orleans for more than 50 years and at the time of his death was one of the wealthiest and most prominent members of the city s Jewish community Touro Infirmary and Touro Synagogue named in his memory and thanks to his charity are among his more prominent legacies in the city 18 A Judah Touro Scholarship is given at Tulane University in New Orleans Among the winners of the award was the late Louisiana Judge Henry L Yelverton 19 Notes edit Touro Judah The Database of Early American Jewish Portraits The American Jewish Historical Society 2009 Retrieved 9 July 2012 permanent dead link Henry Samuel Morais Eminent Israelites of the Nineteenth Century A Series of Biographical Sketches p 336 Judah Touro Thomas Fleming He Loved to Do Good in Secret Guideposts October 1998 p 28 a b Fleming p 29 Jewish Virtual Library The Philanthropy Hall of Fame Judah Touro a charitable Institution for the relief of the Indigent sick Archived from the original on 2018 11 15 Retrieved 2016 11 08 a b Fleming p 30 Morais p 337 Niss Barbara This House of Noble Deeds The Mount Sinai Hospital 1852 2002 New York NYU Press 2002 ISBN 0 8147 0500 6 Clapp Theodore Autobiographical Sketches and Recollections during a thirty five years residence in New Orleans Boston Phillips Sampson amp Co 1857 P 103 Fleming pp 29 30 Morais p 338 Fifty years work of the Hebrew Education Society of Philadelphia 1848 1898 Philadelphia Pennsylvania Hebrew Education Society 1899 a b Fleming p 31 Margalit Fox 2010 Rabbi Bernard Lander the Founder of Touro College Is Dead at 94 The New York Times Retrieved February 19 2013 1854 New Orleans had a good friend in businessman Judah Touro The Times Picayune 2011 Retrieved 9 July 2012 Judge Henry Yelverton Baton Rouge Morning Advocate Retrieved 28 August 2009 Further reading editAdelman David C Life and times of Judah Touro Newport Touro Fraternal Association 1936 Gutstein Morris A Aaron Lopez and Judah Touro A refugee and a son of a refugee New York Behrman s Jewish Book House 1939 An earlier version of this book was published in 1931 under the title Aaron Lopez and Judah Touro Gutstein Morris The Touro family in Newport Newport Historical Society no 94 1935 pp 1 39 Huhner Leon The life of Judah Touro 1775 1854 Philadelphia Jewish Publication Society of America 1946 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Judah Touro nbsp Rhode Island portalJewish Encyclopedia article Grace King s biographical sketch Judah Touro Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Judah Touro amp oldid 1178497687, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
