Juan José Navarro y Búfalo, 1st Marquess of Victoria, OSJ (Messina, 30 November 1687 – Isla de LeónCadiz, 5 February 1772) was a Spanish military officer who served as first Captain general of the Navy from 1750 to 1772. A leading proponent of naval reform, he provided much of the practical curriculum for the Academia de Guardias Marinas, established in 1717 to provide professional training for Spanish marine officers.
Juan José Navarro y Búfalo was born in Messina on 30 November 1687, eldest son of Ignacio de Navarro y Viana (died c. 1708), a captain in the army of the Spanish-ruled Kingdom of Naples, and Livia Búfalo, a Sicilian noblewoman.[1] He had at least one younger brother, Ramón, who was killed in North Africa in 1708.
In 1711, he married María Josefa Gauset, a native of Lleida;[2] they had two daughters, Ignacia and Rosalía, who married another Spanish admiral, Gutierre de Hevia, and inherited her father's title.
Career
Navarro was commissioned into his father's company and when the War of the Spanish Succession began in 1701, his regiment served in Northern Italy where it formed part of the Franco-Spanish Bourbon army and was present at Luzzara and the Siege of Turin.[3] When Spanish forces were withdrawn from Italy following the 1707 Convention of Milan, he took part in an expedition to relieve Spanish Oran in modern Algeria, where his brother Ramón was killed and his father died in captivity. Navarro himself returned to Spain and fought at Almenar in July 1710 and Zaragoza in August, where he was one of 7,000 Spanish prisoners.[4]
After the Peace of Utrecht in 1714, he became captain of his late father's company, and participated in the pacification of Catalonia. He then joined the Spanish Navy and with the help of José Patiño, in 1717 was appointed as an instructor at the newly established Academia de Guardias Marinas based in Cadiz. When the War of the Quadruple Alliance began in 1718, he was part of the naval force that supported the invasion of Sicily and was present at the Battle of Cape Passaro in August, a comprehensive defeat by the Royal Navy that sparked a life-long interest in naval reform and tactics.[5]
In 1732, he participated in the recapture of Oran under the Duke of Montemar and played an important role in covering the landing by the use of his naval guns. As a result of his academic work, in 1740 he was admitted to the Real Academia Española.
During the War of the Austrian Succession in 1742, his squadron was taking supplies to the Spanish army in Italy when the British Mediterranean Fleet forced him to take refuge in the French naval base at Toulon. He remained there until February 1744, when he was ordered to combine with the French Levant Fleet, break the blockade and escape into the Atlantic. The Franco-Spanish force beat off a poorly co-ordinated British attack in the Battle of Toulon (1744) and in recognition of this, Navarro was promoted to lieutenant general, or Teniente Géneral. However, Navarro claimed he had been insufficiently supported by his allies, and Philip V of Spain made him Marqués de la Victoria, or Marquis of Victory, a title which underlined the Spanish belief that the battle was a success negated by the poor performance of the French.[6]
After the battle his fleet remained blockaded in Cartagena, by a fleet of 21 ships under Rear-Admiral William Rowley and on 15 March 1750, he was appointed first Captain general of the Navy. Six years later he finished his Diccionario demostrativo de la configuración y anatomía de toda arquitectura naval moderna.
In 1759, he commanded the convoy of 36 ships that brought Charles III, the new King of Spain, from Naples to Spain. His flagship was the El Fénix (80 guns) with his son-in-law Gutierre de Hevia as captain. His last assignment in 1768 was leading a squadron of nine ships which escorted Infanta María Louisa to her husband Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor, and brought back Maria Luisa of Parma, who was to marry Charles IV of Spain. On 5 February 1772, Navarro died in Cadiz of Gangrene at the age of 84.
Anderson, M.S (1995). The War of the Austrian Succession 1740-1748. Longman. ISBN978-0582059511.
Aranda, Marcelo (2020). "The Jesuit Roots of Spanish Naval Education: Juan José Navarro's Translation of Paul Hoste for the Academia de Guardias Marinas". Journal of Jesuit Studies. 7 (2): 185–203. doi:10.1163/22141332-00702003. S2CID 213317091.
Cust, Sir Edward (1858). Annals of the wars of the eighteenth century: compiled from the most authentic histories of the period, Volume 1. Mitchell's Military Library.
Ponce, José Vargas (1808). Vida de Don Juan Josef Navarro, primer Marqués de la Victoria (in Spanish). Imprenta Real.
March 12, 2023
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This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Juan Jose Navarro 1st Marquess of Victoria news newspapers books scholar JSTOR June 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message Juan Jose Navarro y Bufalo 1st Marquess of Victoria OSJ Messina 30 November 1687 Isla de Leon Cadiz 5 February 1772 was a Spanish military officer who served as first Captain general of the Navy from 1750 to 1772 A leading proponent of naval reform he provided much of the practical curriculum for the Academia de Guardias Marinas established in 1717 to provide professional training for Spanish marine officers The Most ExcellentJuan Jose Navarro y Bufalo 1st Marquess of VictoriaOSJPortrait by Rafael Tegeo Museo Naval de MadridCaptain general of the NavyIn office 1750 1772Personal detailsBorn30 November 1687Messina Kingdom of SicilyDied5 February 1772 1772 02 05 aged 84 Cadiz SpainSpouseMaria Josefa Gauset 1711 ChildrenRosalia Ignacia AwardsReal Academia EspanolaMilitary serviceBranch serviceSpanish Army 1695 to 1715 Spanish Navy 1717 to 1772RankAdmiralBattles warsSiege of Oran War of the Spanish Succession Luzzara Siege of Turin Almenar Zaragoza War of the Quadruple Alliance Battle of Cape Passaro Recapture of Oran War of the Austrian Succession Toulon Contents 1 Personal details 2 Career 3 References 4 SourcesPersonal details EditJuan Jose Navarro y Bufalo was born in Messina on 30 November 1687 eldest son of Ignacio de Navarro y Viana died c 1708 a captain in the army of the Spanish ruled Kingdom of Naples and Livia Bufalo a Sicilian noblewoman 1 He had at least one younger brother Ramon who was killed in North Africa in 1708 In 1711 he married Maria Josefa Gauset a native of Lleida 2 they had two daughters Ignacia and Rosalia who married another Spanish admiral Gutierre de Hevia and inherited her father s title Career EditNavarro was commissioned into his father s company and when the War of the Spanish Succession began in 1701 his regiment served in Northern Italy where it formed part of the Franco Spanish Bourbon army and was present at Luzzara and the Siege of Turin 3 When Spanish forces were withdrawn from Italy following the 1707 Convention of Milan he took part in an expedition to relieve Spanish Oran in modern Algeria where his brother Ramon was killed and his father died in captivity Navarro himself returned to Spain and fought at Almenar in July 1710 and Zaragoza in August where he was one of 7 000 Spanish prisoners 4 After the Peace of Utrecht in 1714 he became captain of his late father s company and participated in the pacification of Catalonia He then joined the Spanish Navy and with the help of Jose Patino in 1717 was appointed as an instructor at the newly established Academia de Guardias Marinas based in Cadiz When the War of the Quadruple Alliance began in 1718 he was part of the naval force that supported the invasion of Sicily and was present at the Battle of Cape Passaro in August a comprehensive defeat by the Royal Navy that sparked a life long interest in naval reform and tactics 5 In 1732 he participated in the recapture of Oran under the Duke of Montemar and played an important role in covering the landing by the use of his naval guns As a result of his academic work in 1740 he was admitted to the Real Academia Espanola During the War of the Austrian Succession in 1742 his squadron was taking supplies to the Spanish army in Italy when the British Mediterranean Fleet forced him to take refuge in the French naval base at Toulon He remained there until February 1744 when he was ordered to combine with the French Levant Fleet break the blockade and escape into the Atlantic The Franco Spanish force beat off a poorly co ordinated British attack in the Battle of Toulon 1744 and in recognition of this Navarro was promoted to lieutenant general or Teniente General However Navarro claimed he had been insufficiently supported by his allies and Philip V of Spain made him Marques de la Victoria or Marquis of Victory a title which underlined the Spanish belief that the battle was a success negated by the poor performance of the French 6 After the battle his fleet remained blockaded in Cartagena by a fleet of 21 ships under Rear Admiral William Rowley and on 15 March 1750 he was appointed first Captain general of the Navy Six years later he finished his Diccionario demostrativo de la configuracion y anatomia de toda arquitectura naval moderna In 1759 he commanded the convoy of 36 ships that brought Charles III the new King of Spain from Naples to Spain His flagship was the El Fenix 80 guns with his son in law Gutierre de Hevia as captain His last assignment in 1768 was leading a squadron of nine ships which escorted Infanta Maria Louisa to her husband Leopold II Holy Roman Emperor and brought back Maria Luisa of Parma who was to marry Charles IV of Spain On 5 February 1772 Navarro died in Cadiz of Gangrene at the age of 84 References Edit Ponce 1808 p 1 Ponce 1808 p 23 Tercio de la Mar de Napoles Kronoskaf com Retrieved 4 August 2022 Cust 1858 p 116 Aranda 2020 pp 2 3 Anderson 1995 pp 138 139 Sources EditAnderson M S 1995 The War of the Austrian Succession 1740 1748 Longman ISBN 978 0582059511 Aranda Marcelo 2020 The Jesuit Roots of Spanish Naval Education Juan Jose Navarro s Translation of Paul Hoste for the Academia de Guardias Marinas Journal of Jesuit Studies 7 2 185 203 doi 10 1163 22141332 00702003 S2CID 213317091 Cust Sir Edward 1858 Annals of the wars of the eighteenth century compiled from the most authentic histories of the period Volume 1 Mitchell s Military Library Ponce Jose Vargas 1808 Vida de Don Juan Josef Navarro primer Marques de la Victoria in Spanish Imprenta Real Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Juan Jose Navarro 1st Marquess of Victoria amp oldid 1136446103, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
