Joseph Everett Dutton (9 September 1874 – 27 February 1905) was a British parasitologist who discovered one of the trypanosomes that cause sleeping sickness. He died in the Congo Free State at the age of 30 from tick fever, or African relapsing fever, while investigating the disease, which is caused by a spirillum that was later named Borrelia duttoni.
Joseph Everett Dutton was born on 9 September 1874 in Upper Bebington, Cheshire.[1] His father was John Dutton, a chemist, and his mother was Sarah Ellen Moore. He was their fifth son. He attended The King's School, Chester (January 1888 – May 1892).[2]
He was admitted to the University of Liverpool in 1892, and earned the gold medal in anatomy and physiology, and the medal in materia medica in 1895. He won the medal in pathology at Victoria University in 1896.[2] He graduated in 1897, and was appointed George Holt fellow in Pathology. He was appointed a resident at the Liverpool Royal Infirmary. He served as house surgeon under Professor Rushton Parker for six months, and then as house physician under Professor Richard Caton.[3]
West Africaedit
Dutton joined an expedition to Nigeria in 1900, the third expedition arranged by the Liverpool Medical School, with H.E. Annett and J.H. Elliott.[1] This trip led to two reports, one on sanitation to avoid malaria and the other on filariasis.[3] In 1901 he was elected Walter Myers Fellow in Parasitology.[4]
Joseph Dutton in Gambia in 1902–1903
Dutton undertook an expedition to the Gambia on his own at the start of 1901. He prepared a thorough report on methods of fighting malaria.[3] On 10 May 1901 the colonial surgeon at the hospital in Bathurst showed him a blood sample from a government employee with "very many actively moving worm-like bodies whose nature he was unable to ascertain".[1] The patient returned to England, and Dutton examined him again there, but could not detect any parasites. However, when both the patient and Dutton were back in Gambia on 15 December 1901, Dutton again examined blood samples and "found a flagellate protozoon evidently belonging to the genus Trypanosoma".[1]
Trypanosoma brucei belongs to a family of parasites that so far had been found only in animal blood. The discovery was an important stage in understanding the widespread and often deadly disease of sleeping sickness.[5] Dutton did not immediately draw the connection, since the patient was also suffering from malaria.[1] Dutton also described various other trypanosomes.[6] In September 1902 he returned to the Gambia with John Lancelot Todd, on an expedition which was supported by Joseph Chamberlain, Secretary of State for the Colonies, which facilitated a prolonged visit to French Senegal.[4][7]
Congoedit
The twelfth expedition of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine left for the Congo Free State on 13 September 1903. Dutton was accompanied by John Lancelot Todd and Cuthbert Christy. Christy went back to England in June 1904, while Todd and Dutton went upstream to Stanley Falls, which they reached late in 1904. There they demonstrated what caused tick fever, and how it was transferred between humans and monkeys.[8] Dutton found that the monkeys could be infected by bites from soft ticks (Ornithodoros moubata) carrying Borrelia duttoni, a spirochaete. He also found that the parasite could pass into the eggs and larvae of the ticks, so the next generation would also be vehicles for infection.[1]
Both Todd and Dutton caught the disease, but were well enough to continue traveling, and reached Kasongo on 9 February 1905. Dutton's health then declined quickly.[8] He recorded his symptoms until too weak, after which Todd continued the record. Dutton died at Kasongo on 27 February 1905.[4] More than a thousand people attended his burial, mostly local people whom he had treated and whose respect he had earned.[9] It took two months for the news of his death to be carried to the nearest telegraph station.[10]
Referencesedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Joseph Everett Dutton.
Cook, Gordon (2007). Tropical Medicine: An Illustrated History of The Pioneers. Academic Press. p. 167. ISBN978-0-08-055939-1.
"Joseph Dutton at the microscope in Gambia". Retrieved 8 May 2013.
. University of Liverpool. Archived from the original on 25 September 2006. Retrieved 8 May 2013.
"Joseph Everett Dutton, M.B., Ch.B.Vict., D.P.H., Walter Myers Fellow, Liverpool School Of Tropical Medicine". The British Medical Journal. 1 (2314): 1020–1021. 6 May 1905. doi:10.1136/bmj.1.2314.1020-a. JSTOR 20285063. S2CID 220016511.
Köhler, Werner (2006). "Killed in action: Microbiologists and clinicians as victims of their occupation Part 4: Tick-borne Relapsing Fever, Malta Fever, Glanders, SARS". International Journal of Medical Microbiology. 296 (1): 1–4. doi:10.1016/j.ijmm.2005.04.005. PMC7129771. PMID 16423683.
joseph, everett, dutton, september, 1874, february, 1905, british, parasitologist, discovered, trypanosomes, that, cause, sleeping, sickness, died, congo, free, state, from, tick, fever, african, relapsing, fever, while, investigating, disease, which, caused, . Joseph Everett Dutton 9 September 1874 27 February 1905 was a British parasitologist who discovered one of the trypanosomes that cause sleeping sickness He died in the Congo Free State at the age of 30 from tick fever or African relapsing fever while investigating the disease which is caused by a spirillum that was later named Borrelia duttoni Joseph Everett DuttonBorn 1874 09 09 9 September 1874Upper Bebington Cheshire EnglandDied27 February 1905 1905 02 27 aged 30 Kasongo CongoNationalityBritishOccupationParasitologistKnown forDiscovery of the cause of sleeping sickness Contents 1 Early years 2 West Africa 3 Congo 4 ReferencesEarly years editJoseph Everett Dutton was born on 9 September 1874 in Upper Bebington Cheshire 1 His father was John Dutton a chemist and his mother was Sarah Ellen Moore He was their fifth son He attended The King s School Chester January 1888 May 1892 2 He was admitted to the University of Liverpool in 1892 and earned the gold medal in anatomy and physiology and the medal in materia medica in 1895 He won the medal in pathology at Victoria University in 1896 2 He graduated in 1897 and was appointed George Holt fellow in Pathology He was appointed a resident at the Liverpool Royal Infirmary He served as house surgeon under Professor Rushton Parker for six months and then as house physician under Professor Richard Caton 3 West Africa editDutton joined an expedition to Nigeria in 1900 the third expedition arranged by the Liverpool Medical School with H E Annett and J H Elliott 1 This trip led to two reports one on sanitation to avoid malaria and the other on filariasis 3 In 1901 he was elected Walter Myers Fellow in Parasitology 4 nbsp Joseph Dutton in Gambia in 1902 1903Dutton undertook an expedition to the Gambia on his own at the start of 1901 He prepared a thorough report on methods of fighting malaria 3 On 10 May 1901 the colonial surgeon at the hospital in Bathurst showed him a blood sample from a government employee with very many actively moving worm like bodies whose nature he was unable to ascertain 1 The patient returned to England and Dutton examined him again there but could not detect any parasites However when both the patient and Dutton were back in Gambia on 15 December 1901 Dutton again examined blood samples and found a flagellate protozoon evidently belonging to the genus Trypanosoma 1 Trypanosoma brucei belongs to a family of parasites that so far had been found only in animal blood The discovery was an important stage in understanding the widespread and often deadly disease of sleeping sickness 5 Dutton did not immediately draw the connection since the patient was also suffering from malaria 1 Dutton also described various other trypanosomes 6 In September 1902 he returned to the Gambia with John Lancelot Todd on an expedition which was supported by Joseph Chamberlain Secretary of State for the Colonies which facilitated a prolonged visit to French Senegal 4 7 Congo editThe twelfth expedition of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine left for the Congo Free State on 13 September 1903 Dutton was accompanied by John Lancelot Todd and Cuthbert Christy Christy went back to England in June 1904 while Todd and Dutton went upstream to Stanley Falls which they reached late in 1904 There they demonstrated what caused tick fever and how it was transferred between humans and monkeys 8 Dutton found that the monkeys could be infected by bites from soft ticks Ornithodoros moubata carrying Borrelia duttoni a spirochaete He also found that the parasite could pass into the eggs and larvae of the ticks so the next generation would also be vehicles for infection 1 Both Todd and Dutton caught the disease but were well enough to continue traveling and reached Kasongo on 9 February 1905 Dutton s health then declined quickly 8 He recorded his symptoms until too weak after which Todd continued the record Dutton died at Kasongo on 27 February 1905 4 More than a thousand people attended his burial mostly local people whom he had treated and whose respect he had earned 9 It took two months for the news of his death to be carried to the nearest telegraph station 10 References edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Joseph Everett Dutton Citations a b c d e f Kohler 2006 p 1 a b Power 1912 p 538 a b c Joseph Everett Dutton BMJ a b c Joseph Everett Dutton U of Liverpool Joseph Dutton at the microscope Cook 2007 p 168 The Gambia Medical expedition The Times No 36853 London 22 August 1902 p 5 a b Cook 2007 p 167 Power 1912 p 539 Joseph Everett Dutton BMJ p 1020 Sources Cook Gordon 2007 Tropical Medicine An Illustrated History of The Pioneers Academic Press p 167 ISBN 978 0 08 055939 1 Joseph Dutton at the microscope in Gambia Retrieved 8 May 2013 Joseph Everett Dutton 1879 1905 University of Liverpool Archived from the original on 25 September 2006 Retrieved 8 May 2013 Joseph Everett Dutton M B Ch B Vict D P H Walter Myers Fellow Liverpool School Of Tropical Medicine The British Medical Journal 1 2314 1020 1021 6 May 1905 doi 10 1136 bmj 1 2314 1020 a JSTOR 20285063 S2CID 220016511 Kohler Werner 2006 Killed in action Microbiologists and clinicians as victims of their occupation Part 4 Tick borne Relapsing Fever Malta Fever Glanders SARS International Journal of Medical Microbiology 296 1 1 4 doi 10 1016 j ijmm 2005 04 005 PMC 7129771 PMID 16423683 Power D Arcy 1912 Dutton Joseph Everett In Lee Sidney ed Dictionary of National Biography 2nd supplement Vol 1 London Smith Elder amp Co Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Joseph Everett Dutton amp oldid 1142370963, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
