In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Reina and the second or maternal family name is Barrios.
José María Reyna Barrios (December 24, 1854 – February 8, 1898) was President of Guatemala from March 15, 1892 until his assassination on February 8, 1898. He was born in San Marcos, Guatemala and was nicknamed Reynita, the diminutive form, because of his short stature.
Algeria Benton, American wife of Reyna Barrios, playing the harp. Benton married Reyna Barrios on May 17, 1886, in the Guatemalan consulate in New York.[1]Algeria Benton de Reyna Barrios official portrait. Mrs. Benton de Reyna Barrios had a cold and distant relationship with her husband by the time he was killed.
Reyna Barrios was nephew of Justo Rufino Barrios, and as such he started his political career while his uncle was still President of Guatemala. After Barrios sudden death in Chalchuapa, El Salvador on April 2. 1885, Reyna Barrios increased his political activity under the government of Manuel Lisandro Barillas, who was jealous of his popularity and sent him to Europe under false pretenses that there was a diplomatic appointment for him. The appointment never materialized and Reina Barrios was stuck in Europe and then in the United States for a few years.[2]
1892 Presidential electionsEdit
Reyna Barrios finally made it back to Guatemala, in time to run for office in the 1892 presidential elections. It was the first election in Guatemala that allowed the candidates to advertise in the local newspapers.[3] The candidates who ran for office were:
Name
Party
Supported by:
Other information
Lorenzo Montúfar
Liberal
Liberal Club
He was the only one of all candidates who made an engraving of his portrait to publish it in the newspapers and was accused of wasting resources for doing this.[3]
Francisco Lainfiesta
Liberal
None
Published his government proposal in the Diario de Centro America, taking advantage of the freedom of the Press that existed during Barillas' government.
Enríquez had been a liberal, but became a conservative after the persecution that he suffered from the Barillas administration.[d]
José Carranza Llerena
Conservative
None
Medical Staff of President Barillas.
Barillas Bercian was unique among all liberal presidents of Guatemala between 1871 and 1944: he handed over power to his successor peacefully. When election time approached, he sent for the three Liberal candidates to ask them what their government plan would be. The following anecdote recounts better what happened then:[4]
First arrived lawyer Francisco Lainfiesta, and General Barillas, with the friendliest of smiles, said: "Mr. Lainfiesta: you are one of the candidates in the upcoming elections and perhaps the more likely to win. Therefore, I would like to know what your attitude and your political system of government will be, if you get to win. Especially, I would like to know your attitude about my person; because I have made my mistakes, I do not deny it. I was a simple worker at my carpentry when General Justo Rufino Barrios sent for me to be appointed second presidential designate. I would therefore, Mr. Lainfiesta, know what conduct you will observe towards me." Mr. Lainfiesta said: "General Barillas: if luck would favor me with the election victory, my government will be based on strict adherence to the Constitution; the law would be the law and anyone who has acquired some responsibility, will have to answer for it before the relevant courts. A firm and righteous compliance with the constitutional provisions shall be the standard of my conduct as president". "Very well" said general Barillas, and both parted cordially.
First instant photograph ever made in Guatemala. It shows general Reyna Barrios during military exercise in Guatemala City in 1896.[5]
Barillas then brought in Dr. Montúfar and interrogated him in the same or similar way as he had done Mr. Lainfiesta. Dr. Montúfar responded in similar terms as Lainfiesta, stressing his claims to obedience of the Constitution and strict enforcement.
Finally general Reyna Barrios came in; when in the midst of pleasant conversation, General Barillas repeated his question, and Reyna replied, with a sincere smile: "We should not even talk about that, general; because you and I are the same. Rest assured that I will know how to respect and protect you." And then both shook hands with effusion.[4] By the election period, the first two days of voting favored Lainfiesta. But by the third day, a huge column of Quetzaltenango and Totonicapán Indigenous people came down from the mountains to vote for general Reyna Barrios. The official agents did their job: Reyna was elected president[6] and, not to offend the losing candidates, Barillas gave them checks to cover the costs of their presidential campaigns. Reyna Barrios, of course, received nothing, but he went on to become President on March 15, 1892.[7]
GovernmentEdit
During Barrrios's first term in office, the power of the landowners over the rural peasantry increased. He oversaw the rebuilding of parts of Guatemala City on a grander scale, with wide, Parisian style avenues built. He oversaw Guatemala hosting the first "Exposición Centroamericana" ("Central American Fair") in 1897. During his second term, Barrios printed bonds to fund his ambitious plans, fuelling monetary inflation and the rise of popular opposition to his regime.
1897 Central America Fair
Hotel Exposición 1896
Central American Fair hall ready for its grand opening.
1897 Central American Fair hall during the event.
Central American Fair booklet, printed by the Guatemalan Post Office.[9]
InfrastructureEdit
Poster of Guatemala city during Reyna Barrios administration.[10]
His administration also work on improving the roads, installing national and international telegraphs and introducing electricity to Guatemala City. Completing a transoceanic railway was a main objective of his government, with a goal to attract international investors at a time when the Panama Canal was not built yet.
Buildings and monuments built during Reyna Barrios administration
Monument
Image
After 1917-1918
Location
Description
Plaza de Armas -Central Square- remodeling
Guatemala City Center
As part of the Central America Fair, Reyna Barrios ordered a series of monument and building constructions. Among them, he remodeled Central Square, removing the old Spanish Fountain and adding an elegant iron fence to the area.
Presidential Palace
Plaza de Armas -Central Square-
Reyna Barrios hired Spaniard architect José de Bustamante, to build his Presidencial Palace. The contract was approved on February 8, 1895 and the structure was built in a garden of the old Spanish Royal Palace. It cost around 400,000 pesos; construction began on January 1, 1895 and the Palace was opened to the public on December 24, 1896.[citation needed] It was the headquarters for the Government executive branch during Reyna Barrios and Manuel Estrada Cabrera administrations, until it was destroyed by the 1917-1918 earthquakes.
Avenue built in honor of the Liberal Reform from 1871. Several monuments, palaces and halls were built along the road. Only some statues survived the earthquakes of 1917-18.
"La Reforma" Palace and Museum
"30 de junio" boulevard
Located at the end of the "30 de junio" boulevard, this palace and museum was a favorite place for tourists and nationals alike, until it was destroyed by the 1917-18 earthquakes. In its place, later a monument to the Independence was built.
Originally built for the Real Estate Record office, it was one of the very few buildings that survived the 1917-18 earthquakes. Later, it was transformed into the National History Museum.
Escuela Agrícola de Indígenas
"La Aurora" city park
This agriculture school was in the "La Aurora" city park. Later, it was used for the Male Normal School, but was destroyed by the 1917-1918 earthquakes.
DeathEdit
Palace of La Reforma. Built by Reyna Barrios between 1892 and 1898. it was destroyed by the 1917 Guatemala earthquake.
In a very strange coincidence, Barrios was assassinated on February 8, 1898 at No. 8 on 8th Street in Guatemala City at 8:00 PM local time[12][13] by Edgar Zollinger, a British citizen and administrator of the Aparicio Family business, who shot him with a .38 caliber revolver. After shooting the president, he was shot eight times by defenders. Zollinger took revenge since back on September 13, 1897 Reina Barrios had Juan Aparicio killed in an unlawful manner. Aparicio was the former Mayor of Quetzaltenango. His assets included the Zunil Electrical Plant, The Los Altos Railroad, Coffee Plantations and Local Bank. These businesses were appropriated illegally, leaving the Aparicio family in ruins for decades. The population mourned the death of Aparicio as he was loved for helping and aiding others. Reina Barrios lived his last moments as a criminal. His actions caused irreversible damage to Guatemalan infrastructure.
^Castellanos (2007). "José María Reina Barrios" (in Spanish). Guatemala. Consuelo Reina Barrios was indeed daughter of Mrs. Argelia Benton a carried the Reina Barrios last name; however, in reality, she was the daughter of general Salvador Toledo, Reina Barrios Chief of Staff.{{cite web}}: Missing or empty |url= (help)[full citation needed]
^La Ilustración Guatemalteca (1897). "Doña Celia Barrios de Reina" (in Spanish). 1 (21). Guatemala. Celia Barrios was Justo Rufino Barrios' sister.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^Gaitán, Héctor (1982). La calle donde tú vives (in Spanish). Guatemala. He was call "Man of the tragic eights" since he was murdered at 8 pm on February 8, 1898.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^Castellanos (2014). "José María Reina Barrios". Guatemala. In fact, after the elections Miguel Enríquez had to run away from his farm in Salama after being accused of sedition; he was captured and executed near Zacapa.{{cite web}}: Missing or empty |url= (help)[full citation needed]
^Gaitán, Héctor (1982). La calle donde tú vives (in Spanish). Guatemala. He was call "Man of the tragic eights" since he was murdered at 8 pm on February 8, 1898.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^Hammerton, J. A., ed. (2007). Peoples of All Nations, Volume 7. Concept Publishing Company. p. 2556. ISBN9788172681449.
BibliographyEdit
Castellanos, Lorena (2014). . Francisco Marroquín University (in Spanish). Guatemala. Archived from the original on 3 November 2014. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
De los Ríos, Efraín (1948). Ombres contra Hombres (in Spanish) (2nd ed.). México: Fondo de la Cultura de la Universidad de México.
Fernández Alfaro, Joaquin Alberto (2014). El Canciller Montúfar (in Spanish) (1st. ed.). San José, Costa Rica: Instituto Manuel María de Peralta, Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y Culto de Costa Rica. p. 384.
— (1930). El libro de las efemerides (in Spanish). Vol. 3. Guatemala: Tipografia Sanchez y de Guise.
La Ilustración Española y Americana (1876). "Doctor don Lorenzo Montúfar y Rivera, Ministro plenipotenciario de Guatemala en Madrid". Fundación Joaquín Díaz (in Spanish). 20 (79).
Luján Muñoz, J. (2003). Las Revoluciones de 1897, La Muerte de J. M. Reina Barrios y la Elección de M. Estrada Cabrera (in Spanish). Guatemala: Artemis & Edinter. ISBN9788489766990.
Mendoza, Juan Manuel (1946). Enrique Gómez Carrillo: estudio crítico-biográfico; su vida, su obra y su época (in Spanish) (2nd. ed.). Guatemala: Tipografía Nacional.
Montufar, Lorenzo (1893). "Notions of international law and laws of war, for the Central American armies". archive.org.
Valdeavellano, Alberto G. (1896). "Fotografías de la Ilustración Guatemalteca". La Ilustración Guatemalteca (in Spanish). Guatemala: Síguere, Guirola & Cía. I (1–13).
External linksEdit
Media related to José María Reina Barrios at Wikimedia Commons
josé, maría, reina, barrios, this, spanish, name, first, paternal, surname, reina, second, maternal, family, name, barrios, josé, maría, reyna, barrios, december, 1854, february, 1898, president, guatemala, from, march, 1892, until, assassination, february, 18. In this Spanish name the first or paternal surname is Reina and the second or maternal family name is Barrios Jose Maria Reyna Barrios December 24 1854 February 8 1898 was President of Guatemala from March 15 1892 until his assassination on February 8 1898 He was born in San Marcos Guatemala and was nicknamed Reynita the diminutive form because of his short stature General of DivisionJose Maria de Jesus Reina BarriosPortrait Museo Nacional de Historia de Guatemala15th President of GuatemalaIn office March 15 1892 February 8 1898Preceded byManuel Lisandro Barillas BercianSucceeded byManuel Estrada CabreraPersonal detailsBorn 1854 12 24 24 December 1854San Marcos GuatemalaDied8 February 1898 1898 02 08 aged 43 Guatemala City GuatemalaPolitical partyLiberalSpouseAlgeria BentonChildrenHe did not have any children with Argelia Benton but he did have five children out of wedlock among them Joaquin and Jose a Parent s Joaquin Reina b Celia Barrios de ReynaResidenceGuatemala CityAlma materEscuela PolitecnicaOccupationMilitarySignatureNickname s Reinita Don Chemita Tachuela Man of the tragic eights c He was a moderate of Guatemala s Liberal Party who worked to solidify the less controversial of the reforms of late president Justo Rufino Barrios Contents 1 Political life 1 1 1892 Presidential elections 2 Government 2 1 Infrastructure 3 Death 4 See also 5 Notes and references 5 1 Notes 5 2 References 5 3 Bibliography 6 External linksPolitical life Edit nbsp Algeria Benton American wife of Reyna Barrios playing the harp Benton married Reyna Barrios on May 17 1886 in the Guatemalan consulate in New York 1 nbsp Algeria Benton de Reyna Barrios official portrait Mrs Benton de Reyna Barrios had a cold and distant relationship with her husband by the time he was killed Reyna Barrios was nephew of Justo Rufino Barrios and as such he started his political career while his uncle was still President of Guatemala After Barrios sudden death in Chalchuapa El Salvador on April 2 1885 Reyna Barrios increased his political activity under the government of Manuel Lisandro Barillas who was jealous of his popularity and sent him to Europe under false pretenses that there was a diplomatic appointment for him The appointment never materialized and Reina Barrios was stuck in Europe and then in the United States for a few years 2 1892 Presidential elections Edit Reyna Barrios finally made it back to Guatemala in time to run for office in the 1892 presidential elections It was the first election in Guatemala that allowed the candidates to advertise in the local newspapers 3 The candidates who ran for office were Name Party Supported by Other informationLorenzo Montufar Liberal Liberal Club nbsp He was the only one of all candidates who made an engraving of his portrait to publish it in the newspapers and was accused of wasting resources for doing this 3 Francisco Lainfiesta Liberal None Published his government proposal in the Diario de Centro America taking advantage of the freedom of the Press that existed during Barillas government Jose Maria Reyna Barrios Liberal Liberal Club Eventual winner Miguel Enriquez Conservative Conservative Party Enriquez had been a liberal but became a conservative after the persecution that he suffered from the Barillas administration d Jose Carranza Llerena Conservative None Medical Staff of President Barillas Barillas Bercian was unique among all liberal presidents of Guatemala between 1871 and 1944 he handed over power to his successor peacefully When election time approached he sent for the three Liberal candidates to ask them what their government plan would be The following anecdote recounts better what happened then 4 First arrived lawyer Francisco Lainfiesta and General Barillas with the friendliest of smiles said Mr Lainfiesta you are one of the candidates in the upcoming elections and perhaps the more likely to win Therefore I would like to know what your attitude and your political system of government will be if you get to win Especially I would like to know your attitude about my person because I have made my mistakes I do not deny it I was a simple worker at my carpentry when General Justo Rufino Barrios sent for me to be appointed second presidential designate I would therefore Mr Lainfiesta know what conduct you will observe towards me Mr Lainfiesta said General Barillas if luck would favor me with the election victory my government will be based on strict adherence to the Constitution the law would be the law and anyone who has acquired some responsibility will have to answer for it before the relevant courts A firm and righteous compliance with the constitutional provisions shall be the standard of my conduct as president Very well said general Barillas and both parted cordially nbsp First instant photograph ever made in Guatemala It shows general Reyna Barrios during military exercise in Guatemala City in 1896 5 Barillas then brought in Dr Montufar and interrogated him in the same or similar way as he had done Mr Lainfiesta Dr Montufar responded in similar terms as Lainfiesta stressing his claims to obedience of the Constitution and strict enforcement Finally general Reyna Barrios came in when in the midst of pleasant conversation General Barillas repeated his question and Reyna replied with a sincere smile We should not even talk about that general because you and I are the same Rest assured that I will know how to respect and protect you And then both shook hands with effusion 4 By the election period the first two days of voting favored Lainfiesta But by the third day a huge column of Quetzaltenango and Totonicapan Indigenous people came down from the mountains to vote for general Reyna Barrios The official agents did their job Reyna was elected president 6 and not to offend the losing candidates Barillas gave them checks to cover the costs of their presidential campaigns Reyna Barrios of course received nothing but he went on to become President on March 15 1892 7 Government EditDuring Barrrios s first term in office the power of the landowners over the rural peasantry increased He oversaw the rebuilding of parts of Guatemala City on a grander scale with wide Parisian style avenues built He oversaw Guatemala hosting the first Exposicion Centroamericana Central American Fair in 1897 During his second term Barrios printed bonds to fund his ambitious plans fuelling monetary inflation and the rise of popular opposition to his regime 1897 Central America Fair nbsp Hotel Exposicion 1896 nbsp Central American Fair hall ready for its grand opening nbsp 1897 Central American Fair hall during the event nbsp Central American Fair booklet printed by the Guatemalan Post Office 9 Infrastructure Edit nbsp Poster of Guatemala city during Reyna Barrios administration 10 As part of the efforts for the Central American Expo his government embellished the city with avenues and monuments following Parisian style and built the Northern Railroad of Guatemala Due to the 1917 1918 earthquakes most of these structures were lost 11 His administration also work on improving the roads installing national and international telegraphs and introducing electricity to Guatemala City Completing a transoceanic railway was a main objective of his government with a goal to attract international investors at a time when the Panama Canal was not built yet Buildings and monuments built during Reyna Barrios administration Monument Image After 1917 1918 Location DescriptionPlaza de Armas Central Square remodeling nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp Guatemala City Center As part of the Central America Fair Reyna Barrios ordered a series of monument and building constructions Among them he remodeled Central Square removing the old Spanish Fountain and adding an elegant iron fence to the area Presidential Palace nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp Plaza de Armas Central Square Reyna Barrios hired Spaniard architect Jose de Bustamante to build his Presidencial Palace The contract was approved on February 8 1895 and the structure was built in a garden of the old Spanish Royal Palace It cost around 400 000 pesos construction began on January 1 1895 and the Palace was opened to the public on December 24 1896 citation needed It was the headquarters for the Government executive branch during Reyna Barrios and Manuel Estrada Cabrera administrations until it was destroyed by the 1917 1918 earthquakes 30 de junio boulevard nbsp nbsp Extension towards the south of Guatemala City Avenue built in honor of the Liberal Reform from 1871 Several monuments palaces and halls were built along the road Only some statues survived the earthquakes of 1917 18 La Reforma Palace and Museum nbsp nbsp nbsp 30 de junio boulevard Located at the end of the 30 de junio boulevard this palace and museum was a favorite place for tourists and nationals alike until it was destroyed by the 1917 18 earthquakes In its place later a monument to the Independence was built Central American Fair Hall nbsp N A 30 de junio boulevard Built for the Central American Fair of 1897 Registro de la Propiedad Inmueble N A nbsp Old plaza of Guatemala City Originally built for the Real Estate Record office it was one of the very few buildings that survived the 1917 18 earthquakes Later it was transformed into the National History Museum Escuela Agricola de Indigenas nbsp nbsp La Aurora city park This agriculture school was in the La Aurora city park Later it was used for the Male Normal School but was destroyed by the 1917 1918 earthquakes Death Edit nbsp Palace of La Reforma Built by Reyna Barrios between 1892 and 1898 it was destroyed by the 1917 Guatemala earthquake In a very strange coincidence Barrios was assassinated on February 8 1898 at No 8 on 8th Street in Guatemala City at 8 00 PM local time 12 13 by Edgar Zollinger a British citizen and administrator of the Aparicio Family business who shot him with a 38 caliber revolver After shooting the president he was shot eight times by defenders Zollinger took revenge since back on September 13 1897 Reina Barrios had Juan Aparicio killed in an unlawful manner Aparicio was the former Mayor of Quetzaltenango His assets included the Zunil Electrical Plant The Los Altos Railroad Coffee Plantations and Local Bank These businesses were appropriated illegally leaving the Aparicio family in ruins for decades The population mourned the death of Aparicio as he was loved for helping and aiding others Reina Barrios lived his last moments as a criminal His actions caused irreversible damage to Guatemalan infrastructure See also Edit nbsp Guatemala portal nbsp History portal nbsp Biography portal Exposicion Centroamericana History of Guatemala Northern Railroad of Guatemala Manuel Estrada CabreraNotes and references EditNotes Edit Castellanos 2007 Jose Maria Reina Barrios in Spanish Guatemala Consuelo Reina Barrios was indeed daughter of Mrs Argelia Benton a carried the Reina Barrios last name however in reality she was the daughter of general Salvador Toledo Reina Barrios Chief of Staff a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a Missing or empty url help full citation needed La Ilustracion Guatemalteca 1897 Dona Celia Barrios de Reina in Spanish 1 21 Guatemala Celia Barrios was Justo Rufino Barrios sister a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Gaitan Hector 1982 La calle donde tu vives in Spanish Guatemala He was call Man of the tragic eights since he was murdered at 8 pm on February 8 1898 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Castellanos 2014 Jose Maria Reina Barrios Guatemala In fact after the elections Miguel Enriquez had to run away from his farm in Salama after being accused of sedition he was captured and executed near Zacapa a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a Missing or empty url help full citation needed References Edit Valdeavellano 1896 p 10 Hernandez de Leon 1930 a b Castellanos 2014 40 00 a b De los Rios 1948 p 78 Valdeavellano 1896 p 24 De los Rios 1948 p 82 De los Rios 1948 p 79 Lujan Munoz 2003 Castellanos 2014 6 00 Valdeavellano 1896 p 125 Hernandez de Leon 1959 Gaitan Hector 1982 La calle donde tu vives in Spanish Guatemala He was call Man of the tragic eights since he was murdered at 8 pm on February 8 1898 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Hammerton J A ed 2007 Peoples of All Nations Volume 7 Concept Publishing Company p 2556 ISBN 9788172681449 Bibliography Edit Castellanos Lorena 2014 Vida y obra de Jose Maria Reyna Barrios Francisco Marroquin University in Spanish Guatemala Archived from the original on 3 November 2014 Retrieved 3 November 2014 De los Rios Efrain 1948 Ombres contra Hombres in Spanish 2nd ed Mexico Fondo de la Cultura de la Universidad de Mexico Fernandez Alfaro Joaquin Alberto 2014 El Canciller Montufar in Spanish 1st ed San Jose Costa Rica Instituto Manuel Maria de Peralta Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y Culto de Costa Rica p 384 Hernandez de Leon Federico 1959 El capitulo de las efemerides La Hora in Spanish Guatemala 1930 El libro de las efemerides in Spanish Vol 3 Guatemala Tipografia Sanchez y de Guise La Ilustracion Espanola y Americana 1876 Doctor don Lorenzo Montufar y Rivera Ministro plenipotenciario de Guatemala en Madrid Fundacion Joaquin Diaz in Spanish 20 79 Lujan Munoz J 2003 Las Revoluciones de 1897 La Muerte de J M Reina Barrios y la Eleccion de M Estrada Cabrera in Spanish Guatemala Artemis amp Edinter ISBN 9788489766990 Mendoza Juan Manuel 1946 Enrique Gomez Carrillo estudio critico biografico su vida su obra y su epoca in Spanish 2nd ed Guatemala Tipografia Nacional Montufar Lorenzo 1893 Notions of international law and laws of war for the Central American armies archive org Valdeavellano Alberto G 1896 Fotografias de la Ilustracion Guatemalteca La Ilustracion Guatemalteca in Spanish Guatemala Siguere Guirola amp Cia I 1 13 External links Edit nbsp Media related to Jose Maria Reina Barrios at Wikimedia CommonsPreceded byManuel Lisandro Barillas Bercian nbsp President of Guatemala1892 1898 Succeeded byManuel Estrada Cabrera Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Jose Maria Reina Barrios amp oldid 1180268388, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
