John Mew

John Mew (born 1928)^[1] is a British orthodontist. He is the originator of Orthotropics and Mewing.^[2] Orthotropics is a form of oral posture training that claims to guide facial growth that is not supported by mainstream orthodontists.^{[3][4][5][6][7]}

Career

Mew was educated at Rose Hill preparatory school in Tunbridge Wells (1935–1942) and then at Tonbridge School (1942–1945). He subsequently graduated in dentistry at University College London (1948–1953), and then trained in Orthognathic surgery at Queen Victoria Hospital, East Grinstead (1953–1956). He has written two textbooks and published many articles internationally on this subject. He became president of the Southern Counties Branch of the British Dental Association in 1971. Over the last twenty years he has spent much of his time lecturing about his techniques. Currently he is professor of Orthotropics at the London School of Facial Orthotropics.

Mew held a two-year^[3] visiting professorship at Victor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timișoara, Romania. He has been honored with life membership of the British Dental Association, a Paul Harris fellowship from International Rotary, Fellowship of the International College of Dentists, and Outstanding Achievement Awards from the International Functional Association and the International Orthodontic Society.^[8]

In 2010, the General Dental Council (GDC) reprimanded Mew for running advertisements, which stated that the GDC was deliberately suppressing his theories. Mew did not dispute the charge and referred to himself as a "whistleblower".^[9]

In 2013, Mew received an award at the American Academy of Physiological Medicine and Dentistry.^[10]

Orthotropics

Orthotropics is Mew's orthodontic method claimed to be able to guide facial growth. Mew's orthodontic methods have consisted of widening and advancing the upper jaw using palatal expanders, changing the patient's diet, and having the patient adopt a myofunctionally correct resting place for the tongue, where he argues it provides an outward force able to laterally expand the upper jaw in a growing child, and prevent downward downward and backward growth of the maxilla, gradually resulting in a 'natural' cure of the malocclusion.^[3][11]

Mew believes that the etiology of malocclusion is environmental and that environment decides whether or not teeth are crooked. In contrast, mainstream orthodontics attributes crooked teeth primarily to genetics.^[3] Prominent scientists and researchers point out that hunter-gatherers and people today who had a traditional upbringing and diet, always had wide arches of 32 teeth without malocclusion.^{[citation needed][12]} Work by paleoanthropologists such as Daniel Lieberman and Peter Ungar independently corroborate Mew's theory that human jaws are growing more narrow and teeth are becoming more crowded due to lifestyle and not genetics.^[13] Stanford University's Paul Ehrlich co-wrote the book Jaws,^[14] which outlines an epidemic of dysfunction and disease resulting from the shrinking jaws of post-Industrialized society.^[15]

Mew became concerned by the orthodontic outcomes of some of his patients. He observed that the mechanics of orthodontic treatment, while straightening the teeth, did not address the underlying cause of the dental overcrowding and, in some cases, caused facial damage.^[16] He concluded that extractions, fixed appliances with elastics and retractive headgear could be harmful to facial growth. In 1958 John Mew put forward The Tropic Premise, which argued that malocclusion was a ‘postural deformity’, that overcrowded teeth were not necessarily inherited and that, consequently, malocclusion could be avoided with early intervention to correct oral posture and function.^{[17][unreliable source?]}

As part of his search for an approach to orthodontics that did not cause facial retraction, John Mew visited Rolf Fränkel in East Germany in 1968, who introduced him to the work of Konstantin Buteyko.^[18] Mew went on to develop the concept of facial growth guidance, which he called Orthotropics, and the Biobloc system of treatment, involving the use of a palate expanding appliance followed by a postural appliance. He practiced Orthotropics for 30 years and was involved in founding the International Association of Facial Growth Guidance in 1987 in Fort Worth, Texas.

Mew has written several scientific papers and two textbooks about the Biobloc technique, the second of which has been translated into seven different languages.^{[19][non-primary source needed]}

Mewing

"Mewing" is a form of do-it-yourself oral posture training named after John Mew and his son Michael Mew^[20] (born c. 1969) and is described most simply by Mew as "stand up straight and shut your mouth".^[3][21] Mewing grew in popularity, was shared on social medias by influencers and received mainstream media coverage in 2019.^[22] This coverage included many tabloid papers and an interview with John Mew’s son Michael on This Morning with Eamonn Holmes.^[23] A noticeable role in the popularization of mewing was played by before-and-after photos published on Reddit, which are virally spread in social networks and claim to prove the effectiveness of mewing.^{[citation needed]}

In brief the principles are:^[24][25]

• Rest the whole of the tongue on the roof of the mouth (against the palate – not blocking the airways).
• Keep the teeth and lips gently closed.
• Breathe only through the nose.
• Chew food well before swallowing.
• Swallow chewed food at the back of the mouth without engaging the lip and buccinator muscles.
• Stand up straight with head over body.
• Perform chewing and tongue chewing.

Although Mew's theory has some plausible conclusions,^[22][26] many orthodontists do not recommend mewing, as they believe mewing has insufficient backing evidence to be justified as a sound treatment and is not considered a viable alternative treatment to orthognathic surgery.^[27][22] Mewing is not meant as an alternative to treatment but as a good practice that can achieve slow, beneficial growth.

Controversy

John Mew’s views on the aetiology and best treatment process for malocclusion have met opposition from mainstream British orthodontists.^[28][3] Mew was fined by the NHS for providing inappropriate treatment.^[when?] He appealed against the then Minister of Health in the High Court in 1987 and Lord Justice Murray Stuart-Smith judged that "these very serious strictures were wholly unwarranted and perhaps go some way to justify the applicant’s doubts as to the impartiality of the Dental Services Committee".^{[29][citation needed]} He found in favor of Mew and awarded costs.^{[citation needed]}

Advocacy

John Mew has spent most of his life actively advocating for a reduction in orthognathic surgery and ensuring patients knew about less invasive alternatives before consenting to surgery. He started his career as an orthognathic surgeon and came to believe that most cases relapsed or did not serve the patient well. He advocates simple maxims that align with paleoanthropological view on developing good jaws and teeth: breathe through your nose, not your mouth; chew hard food; stand up straight.

One aspect upset me more than any other; unnecessary surgery. As you will see from the cases demonstrated in this book, Orthotropics is able to avoid the need for orthognathic surgery in almost every case. At the end of the last millennium it was thought that in Britain, about 1000 children and young adults received orthognathic surgery a year but in 1999 a survey suggested that 7% of a consultant Orthodontist’s workload was related to Orthognathic treatment and in 2009 it was estimated that 1.5 million people would warrant orthognathic treatment. I think that this increase is partly driven by an acceptance within current orthodontic practice that most class II malocclusions with overjets of over four millimetres will require surgery.

Orthotropics frequently corrects overjets of over ten millimetres. This of course is of importance when we are considering ‘Informed Consent’ as all patients who have been told they require jaw surgery should also be told if there are non-surgical options. Unfortunately the orthodontists for reasons of their own, have convinced the GDC that orthotropics is no more effective than Functional or Orthopaedic appliances. To me this is not Fully Informed Consent as it should be the patient who decides whether to have surgery not the clinician.

— John Mew, The Cause and Cure of Malocclusion, 2nd ed. (2013), p. 22

Mew argues that orthodontic patients in the UK are not given fully informed consent, because they are not told about alternative treatment methods such as Orthotropics. This culminated in Mew taking out a newspaper advertisement to proclaim his opinion that the General Dental Council suppressed information about alternatives. In 2010 the GDC reprimanded Mew for accusing the GDC of promoting surgery for jaw misalignment when there were non-surgical alternatives.^[30]

Personal life

Aged 18, shortly after the end of the Second World War, Mew learnt to fly a Tiger Moth. He subsequently took up fixed wing gliding and later hang gliding.^{[citation needed]} At 19 he built his own sports car, fabricating much of it from scratch.^{[citation needed]} Between 1957 and 1967 he was involved in motor racing, moving from Formula Three to Formula One.^[31] He was one of the last private entrants, entering events all over Europe. In 1963 he twice broke the Formula One club circuit record at Brands Hatch, beating times set by World Champions Jim Clark, and John Surtees.^[32][33] In 1958 he was selected for the British Team for the first post-war challenge for the Americas Cup, though he was subsequently unable to participate in the event itself. In 1971 he was selected to crew for John Prentice, captain for the British International 14 dingy racing team in Annapolis, USA, where Britain came second. John Mew and his crew Michael Moss took second place at the World 14 Foot Anniversary Championships. Cowes 1974.^{[citation needed]}

Between 1993 and 1999 Mew built a reproduction moated castle in a valley in Sussex, which was featured on the TV programme Britain's Best Home.^[34]

References

1. "John Mew". 500race.org.
2. What is the difference between orthtropics and mewing?, retrieved 9 December 2023
3. Brennan, William (20 August 2020). "How Two British Orthodontists Became Celebrities to Incels". The New York Times. Retrieved 20 August 2020.
4. "GDC reprimands 81-year-old dentist over 'whistleblowing' advert". Dentistry.co.uk. 31 March 2010. Retrieved 22 August 2019.
5. Huntley, P. N. (August 2014). "Orthotropics: Will we never be free?". British Dental Journal. 217 (4): 160. doi:10.1038/sj.bdj.2014.707. ISSN 1476-5373. PMID 25146779.
6. "Development | Mewing?". sensationsolutions.com. Retrieved 4 March 2020.
7. "Dr Rachel Ho | What Is Mewing?". drrachelho.com. Retrieved 22 August 2019.
8. Mew, John; Mew, Michael (2015). "Canine impaction: how effective is early prevention? An audit of treated cases" (PDF). Stomatology Edu Journal. 2 (2): 114–119. doi:10.25241/stomaeduj.2015.2(2).art.3.
9. "GDC reprimands 81-year-old dentist over 'whistleblowing' advert". dentistry.co.uk. 31 March 2010.
10. "John Mew, Inventor of Biobloc, Receives Award at AAPMD Conference in Oakland". American Academy of Physiological Medicine and Dentistry.
11. Mew, John (10 May 2020). "John Mew's Lectures 2 - Facial Growth". Retrieved 9 December 2023.
12. Price, Weston A (1938). Nutrition and Physical Degeneration.
13. Ungar, Peter. "It's not that your teeth are too big: your jaw is too small". aeon.co. Retrieved 16 March 2022.
14. Kahn, Sandra; Ehrlich, Paul (2018). Jaws: The Story of a Hidden Epidemic. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. ISBN 9781503606463.
15. Ehrlich, Paul (10 April 2018). "Stanford's Paul Ehrlich on the problems of the modern jaw". Stanford University. Retrieved 10 April 2018.
16. "A challenge to the orthodontists - YouTube". YouTube.
17. "Watkins Dental Surgery - The 'Tropic' Premise". www.watkinsdentalsurgery.com.au. Retrieved 9 November 2022.
18. McKeown, Patrick, Buteyko Meets Dr Mew, ISBN 978-0956682307
19. ASIN: B00A5O7MQ6 John Mew, Biobloc Therapy, 1986
20. McClinton, Dream (21 March 2019). "Mewing: what is the YouTube craze that claims to reshape your face?". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 22 August 2019.
21. What is Mewing?, retrieved 9 December 2023
22. Lee, Urie K. (27 March 2019). "Mewing: Social Media's Alternative to Orthognathic Surgery?". Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.
23. "Give yourself a DIY facelift... with your tongue ?". ITV. Retrieved 9 November 2022.
24. Bush, Thomas (24 February 2019). "How to Mew: The Complete Guide to Mewing (2020)". MewingTransformation. Retrieved 25 July 2023.
25. Doing Mewing, retrieved 9 December 2023
26. Kanh, Sandra (22 July 2020). "The Jaw Epidemic: Recognition, Origins, Cures, and Prevention". BioScience. 70 (9).
27. Lee, Urie K.; Graves, Lindsay L.; Friedlander, Arthur H. (1 September 2019). "Mewing: Social Media's Alternative to Orthognathic Surgery?". Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 77 (9): 1743–1744. doi:10.1016/j.joms.2019.03.024. ISSN 0278-2391. PMID 31005620.
28. "Children's dentists at odds in battle of the braces". The Independent. 21 November 1999. Retrieved 9 November 2022.
29. Mew, John. "Suppression". John Mew Orthotropics. Retrieved 16 January 2023.
30. "GDC reprimands 81-year-old dentist over 'whistleblowing' advert". 31 March 2010.
31. "Brands Batch". Motor Sport. May 1963.
32. Mew, Bill (31 December 2015). "Do you have the right formula for cloud survival? Consolidation and the lessons from motor racing history".
33. . Tunbridge Wells Motor Club. 2010. Archived from the original on 22 August 2019.
34. . Sussex Express. 10 July 2003. Archived from the original on 21 August 2019.