John Atherton
John Atherton (1598 – 5 December 1640) was the Anglican Bishop of Waterford and Lismore in the Church of Ireland.[1] He and John Childe (his steward and tithe proctor) were both tried and executed for buggery in 1640.[2][3]
John Atherton | |
|---|---|
John Atherton, Bishop of Waterford and Lismore, was hanged for sodomy under a law that he had helped to institute; his proctor John Childe was also hanged. Anonymous pamphlet, 1641 | |
| Church | Church of Ireland |
| Diocese | Church of Ireland Diocese of Waterford and Lismore |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1598 |
| Died | 5 December 1640 (aged 41–42) Stephen's Green, Dublin, Ireland |
| Alma mater | University of Oxford |
Life and death edit
Early life and education edit
Atherton was born in 1598 in Somerset, England.[4] His father, also named John was a parson and Rector of Bawdrip. He studied at the University of Oxford and joined the ranks of the Anglican clergy, serving as Rector of Huish Champflower.[5][6]
Career in the Anglican clergy edit
In 1630, he became prebendary of the Church of St. John the Evangelist in Dublin, in addition, Chancellor of the Anglican Diocese of Killaloe.[7] In 1634, chancellor of Christ Church Cathedral and rector of Killaban and Ballintubride in 1635.[5]
In 1636, under the patronage of the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford, he became Bishop of Waterford and Lismore in the Church of Ireland under the protests of the Roman Catholic majority in his see.[5]
After the Buggery Act 1533 was found in 1631, during the Mervyn Tuchet, 2nd Earl of Castlehaven case, to not apply to Ireland, Atherton pushed for the enactment of "An Act for the Punishment for the Vice of Buggery" in 1634.[8]
Downfall edit
In 1640 Atherton was accused of buggery with a man, John Childe, his steward and tithe proctor. Even though his fellow clerics attempted to prevent his trial to save the reputation of his Church, they were the first to have been tried under the law that Atherton himself had helped to institute.[3][8]
They were found guilty and both condemned to death, to the applause of the crowd, with Atherton being nearly lynched on his way to prison at Cork.
Nicholas Bernard, Dean of Elphin and Ardagh, acted as his spiritual counselor and wrote an account of Atherton's final days. Atherton was executed by hanging on Oxmantown Green, Dublin,[9] after reading the morning service for his cellmates. Reportedly, he confessed about the crime to the priest ministering him immediately before his execution, although he had proclaimed his innocence before that and kept doing so during the execution.[3]
Legacy edit
Character assassination and conspiracy edit
Since 1710, some historical evidence has been developed that shows Atherton might have been a victim of a conspiracy to discredit him and his patrons. This was attributable to Atherton's status as an astute lawyer, who sought to recover lost land for the relatively weak Protestant Church of Ireland during the 1630s. Unfortunately for Atherton, this alienated him from large landowners, who then allegedly used his sexuality to discredit him. The conspiracy has been alleged to have been led by a lawyer named Butler, over land in Killoges, near Waterfeld. Butler became insane after the execution, claiming to see Atherton at all time.[3]
English Puritan, Congregationalist and Independent activists, as well as English and Scottish Presbyterian activists, contemporaneously campaigned to abolish Episcopacy (bishops) within the embattled Church of England, Church of Scotland and Church of Ireland; notionally expediting the political interest in Atherton's downfall.[10]
Posthumous accusations of sexual wrongdoing also include allegations of "incest" with his sister-in-law, and infanticide of the resultant child, as well as zoophilia with cattle. However, these allegations began to be circulated several months after his death in an anonymous pamphlet,[5] and may have been intended to further discredit the bishop's campaign to restore the finances of the Church of Ireland.[11]
Legends edit
A legend had him linked to the Old Mother Leakey, a Somerset ghost accused of shipwrecking.[12]
Another legend describes the house of Butler, the lawyer who allegedly led the conspiracy against Atherton, as being haunted by the ghost of the bishop.[3]
See also edit
References edit
- ^ Clarke, Aidan (ed.). "Dictionary of Irish Biography".
- ^ Norris, David (17 May 2009). . Public Address at the service to mark international day against homophobia in Christ Church Cathedral. David Norris. Archived from the original on 6 June 2009. Retrieved 29 November 2009.
- ^ a b c d e Aldrich, Robert; Wotherspoon, Garry (2002). Who's who in Gay and Lesbian History: From Antiquity to World War II. Psychology Press. ISBN 9780415159838.
- ^ "John Atherton". National Portrait Gallery, London.
- ^ a b c d "Homosexuality in 18th-cent. England: The Life and Death of John Atherton". rictornorton.co.uk. Retrieved 7 April 2019.
- ^ "Biographia Britannica: Or, The Lives of the Most Eminent Persons, Volume 1". 1747.
- ^ Hughes, Reverend Samuel Carlyle (1889). "The Church of S. John the Evangelist, Dublin".
- ^ a b Hendriks, Aart; Tielman, Rob; Veen, Evert van der (1993). The Third Pink Book: A Global View of Lesbian and Gay Liberation and Oppression. Prometheus Books. pp. 151–152. ISBN 9780879758318.
- ^ "Atherton, John | Dictionary of Irish Biography". www.dib.ie. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
- ^ Bray, Alan (1982) Homosexuality in Renaissance England London: Gay Men's Press
- ^ Marshall, Peter (February 2007). "Sex, Scandal and the Supernatural". History Today. pp. 70–71.
- ^ "How whistling Somerset ghost accused Bishop of infanticide, incest & sodomy & started shipwrecking". warwick.ac.uk. Retrieved 7 April 2019.
Further reading edit
- King, John (1710). The Case of John Atherton, Bishop of Waterford in Ireland: Fairly Represented: Against a Late Partial Edition of Dr. Barnard's Relation, and Sermon at His Funeral. ... Luke Stokoe, and sold.
- Ardagh.), Nicholas BERNARD (Dean of (1711). Some Memorials of the Life and Penitent Death of Dr. John Atherton ... To which is added, an account of the most amazing apparition ever heard of, foretelling the Bishop's untimely end ... Also a true copy of his last speech at the place of execution. (Bishop Atherton's Case Discuss'd, etc.). E. Curll.
- Norton, Rictor (1641). The Life and Death of John Atherton, Etc. [A Type-facsimile of the Edition of 1641.]. J. Barker.
- Marshall, Peter (9 October 2008). Mother Leakey and the Bishop: A Ghost Story. OUP Oxford. ISBN 9780191579929.
- Bray, Alan (1982). Homosexuality in Renaissance England. Gay Men's Press. ISBN 9780907040163.
Homosexuality in Renaissance England.
- Parris, Matthew (1999). The Great Unfrocked: Two Thousand Years of Church Scandal. Robson Books. pp. 157–162. ISBN 9781861052636.
The Great Unfrocked: two thousand years of church scandal.
- Barnard, N. (1754). The political ballance, for 1754. The mock-patriot, for 1753. To which is added, the case of John Atherton, Bishop of Waterford in Ireland, who was convicted of bestiality with a cow and other creatures, for which he was hang'd at Dublin; with a full account of his behaviour after condemnation, and the letters he left before his execution: By N. Barnard, Dean of Ardagh, at the command of the Primate of Ireland. W. D. Jordan Special Collections and Music Library Queen's University Library. Dublin : Printed ; London : Reprinted, for Roger Lapis ...