He published a work on the physiology of insects.[3] He also studied the fauna of Paraguay,[4] and published in 1835 a Reise nach Paraguay in den Jahren 1818 bis 1826.[1]
Johann Rudolf Rengger was born in Baden as the son of the pastor Samuel Rengger. Since his parents died early, his uncle Albrecht Rengger, then Interior Minister of the Helvetic Republic, provided his education, first at a private school, and then at the canton school of Aarau from 1805 to 1812. He later studied natural sciences and medicine in Lausanne and Tübingen. In 1817 he published the results of his research on insects under the title Physiological investigations on the animal housekeeping of Insects and thus earned on October 12 of the same year the degree of Doctor of Medicine.[5]
The Paraguayan trip
After a stay in Paris, Rengger decided, together with doctor M. Longchamp from the canton of Vaud, to undertake a research trip to South America. On May 1, 1818, they embarked in Le Havre and arrived in Buenos-Aires on July 1. Here, their attention soon turned on to the secure conditions of Paraguay. So they went up to the Entre Ríos Province, waited for eight months in Corrientes when the leader Artigas had blocked the stream traffic, and reached Asunción on July 30, 1819.[5] Afterwards, Rengger began to explore the wildlife of Paraguay, and he described himself the way he conducted his research:
I lived for six years in these lands whose capital, Asunción, was my usual abode. From there I traveled the country in all directions, but visited preferably the less populated and very desolate regions. Every year, for example, I spent several months outdoor, in isolated dairies, sometimes in deserted jungles. During these journeys, and since time did not count, I focused my attention on natural history, on the life in this wilderness through the beauty and the greatness of the surrounding nature, and with this satisfaction, regardless of overcome dangers and difficulties that did not really attract me, I therefore used the resulting leisure time to dedicate myself to zoological observations. From the majority of mammal species, I observed a fairly large number of individuals, I determined their characteristic features and the variations they offered according to sex, age, season, and individuality, and studied the animals often for days to learn their household in their wild state. At the same time, I spared neither effort nor cost of keeping alive animals and raising them in our dwelling, which gave me much new information about their behavior and their temperament, and especially about the changes that they undergo with age.
— Rengger, Johann Rudolph (1835), Reise nach Paraguay in den Jahren 1818 bis 1826, pages xix-xx
However, at the time of these explorations, Paraguay was virtually isolated from the outside world by the dictator José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia. For example, the French explorer and botanist Aimé Bonpland was arrested as a spy and detained at Santa Maria.[6] On their side, Rengger and Lonchamp were not allowed to cross the strictly guarded border, and had to request a special permit for each excursion. While Longchamp mostly remained in the capital, Rengger used all the permissions given for his naturalist research. Despite this scientific activity, there was a lack of contact with educated men and correspondence with foreign countries, especially with the homeland, because the dictator had all incoming and outgoing letters embezzled, so that the relatives of Rengger received only a few news from his situation. In 1825, Rengger unexpectedly obtained an exit permit, but had only a few hours to prepare himself with Longchamp, packing the smaller part of his collections. On May 25, 1825, they left Paraguay, returning to Le Havre via Buenos-Aires, Bahia, and Pernambuco.[5]
Return in Europe
On February 25, 1826, after almost eight years of absence, Rengger entered the European soil again. After a short stay in Paris, where he became acquainted with Alexander von Humboldt and Georges Cuvier, Rengger arrived in Aarau on March 16. He immediately proceeded to compile his careful and exact observations, and present the results of his research. However, because the enigmatic personality of the dictator of Paraguay questioned people, Rengger first published the Historical essay on the revolution of Paraguay and the Dictatorial government of Doctor Francia (1827). Book sections concerning the dictator previously appeared under the title Doctor Francia in the Stuttgarter Morgenblatt (1827, No. 140-145), a publication that prompted the dictator to answer (The Times, November 6, 1830). Rengger then completed his work of the natural history and published his book on the mammal world of Paraguay, which met with great interest in scientific circles (1830). After that, he worked on a description of his journey to Paraguay intended for a larger group of readers.
In the fall of 1831, he travelled to Italy. On February 15, 1832, in Naples, Rengger fell ill with pneumonia. After a partial recovery, he could travel back to his homeland. His condition worsened again and he died on October 9, 1832, in Aarau. In 1835, his uncle Albrecht Rengger and his brother-in-law Ferdinand Wydler published the Journey to Paraguay.[1] The book contains valuable fragments about land, people, and animals.[5]
^ abcRengger, Johann Rudolph (1835). Reise nach Paraguay in den Jahren 1818 bis 1826 (in German). ISBN9783845712567.
^Kropotkine, Pierre (2015-11-09). De Darwin à Lamarck: Kropotkine biologiste (1910-1919) (in French). ENS Éditions. ISBN9782847886887.
^Rengger, Johann Rudolph (1817). "Physiologische Untersuchungen über die thierische Haushaltung der Insecten". Tübingen: H. Laupp. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^Rengger, Johann Rudolph (1830). "Naturgeschichte der Saeugethiere von Paraguay". Supplementary material in Darwin's copy. Basel: Schweighauser. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^ abcdAlbert Schumann (1889), "Rengger, Johann Rudolf", Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB) (in German), vol. 28, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 220–222
^"Aimé Bonpland" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 4 (9th ed.). New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. 1878. p. 36.
^Spotorno, Angel E.; Patton, James L. (2015-03-09). "Superfamily Chinchilloidea Bennett, 1833". In Patton, James L.; Pardiñas, Ulyses F. J.; D’Elía, Guillermo (eds.). Mammals of South America, Volume 2: Rodents. University of Chicago Press. p. 780. ISBN9780226169606.
January 31, 2023
johann, rudolph, rengger, swiss, naturalist, doctor, author, book, exploration, paraguay, born, 1795, january, 1795baden, swiss, died, 1832, october, 1832aaraunationalityswissknown, forreise, nach, paraguay, jahren, 1818, 1826, scientific, careerfieldszoologis. Johann Rudolph Rengger was a Swiss naturalist and doctor author of a book on exploration in Paraguay 2 Johann Rudolph RenggerBorn 1795 01 13 13 January 1795Baden Swiss Died 1832 10 09 9 October 1832AarauNationalitySwissKnown forReise nach Paraguay in den Jahren 1818 bis 1826 1 Scientific careerFieldsZoologistHe published a work on the physiology of insects 3 He also studied the fauna of Paraguay 4 and published in 1835 a Reise nach Paraguay in den Jahren 1818 bis 1826 1 Contents 1 Early life 2 The Paraguayan trip 3 Return in Europe 4 Taxonomic descriptions 5 See also 6 ReferencesEarly life EditJohann Rudolf Rengger was born in Baden as the son of the pastor Samuel Rengger Since his parents died early his uncle Albrecht Rengger then Interior Minister of the Helvetic Republic provided his education first at a private school and then at the canton school of Aarau from 1805 to 1812 He later studied natural sciences and medicine in Lausanne and Tubingen In 1817 he published the results of his research on insects under the title Physiological investigations on the animal housekeeping of Insects and thus earned on October 12 of the same year the degree of Doctor of Medicine 5 The Paraguayan trip EditAfter a stay in Paris Rengger decided together with doctor M Longchamp from the canton of Vaud to undertake a research trip to South America On May 1 1818 they embarked in Le Havre and arrived in Buenos Aires on July 1 Here their attention soon turned on to the secure conditions of Paraguay So they went up to the Entre Rios Province waited for eight months in Corrientes when the leader Artigas had blocked the stream traffic and reached Asuncion on July 30 1819 5 Afterwards Rengger began to explore the wildlife of Paraguay and he described himself the way he conducted his research I lived for six years in these lands whose capital Asuncion was my usual abode From there I traveled the country in all directions but visited preferably the less populated and very desolate regions Every year for example I spent several months outdoor in isolated dairies sometimes in deserted jungles During these journeys and since time did not count I focused my attention on natural history on the life in this wilderness through the beauty and the greatness of the surrounding nature and with this satisfaction regardless of overcome dangers and difficulties that did not really attract me I therefore used the resulting leisure time to dedicate myself to zoological observations From the majority of mammal species I observed a fairly large number of individuals I determined their characteristic features and the variations they offered according to sex age season and individuality and studied the animals often for days to learn their household in their wild state At the same time I spared neither effort nor cost of keeping alive animals and raising them in our dwelling which gave me much new information about their behavior and their temperament and especially about the changes that they undergo with age Rengger Johann Rudolph 1835 Reise nach Paraguay in den Jahren 1818 bis 1826 pages xix xx However at the time of these explorations Paraguay was virtually isolated from the outside world by the dictator Jose Gaspar Rodriguez de Francia For example the French explorer and botanist Aime Bonpland was arrested as a spy and detained at Santa Maria 6 On their side Rengger and Lonchamp were not allowed to cross the strictly guarded border and had to request a special permit for each excursion While Longchamp mostly remained in the capital Rengger used all the permissions given for his naturalist research Despite this scientific activity there was a lack of contact with educated men and correspondence with foreign countries especially with the homeland because the dictator had all incoming and outgoing letters embezzled so that the relatives of Rengger received only a few news from his situation In 1825 Rengger unexpectedly obtained an exit permit but had only a few hours to prepare himself with Longchamp packing the smaller part of his collections On May 25 1825 they left Paraguay returning to Le Havre via Buenos Aires Bahia and Pernambuco 5 Return in Europe EditOn February 25 1826 after almost eight years of absence Rengger entered the European soil again After a short stay in Paris where he became acquainted with Alexander von Humboldt and Georges Cuvier Rengger arrived in Aarau on March 16 He immediately proceeded to compile his careful and exact observations and present the results of his research However because the enigmatic personality of the dictator of Paraguay questioned people Rengger first published the Historical essay on the revolution of Paraguay and the Dictatorial government of Doctor Francia 1827 Book sections concerning the dictator previously appeared under the title Doctor Francia in the Stuttgarter Morgenblatt 1827 No 140 145 a publication that prompted the dictator to answer The Times November 6 1830 Rengger then completed his work of the natural history and published his book on the mammal world of Paraguay which met with great interest in scientific circles 1830 After that he worked on a description of his journey to Paraguay intended for a larger group of readers In the fall of 1831 he travelled to Italy On February 15 1832 in Naples Rengger fell ill with pneumonia After a partial recovery he could travel back to his homeland His condition worsened again and he died on October 9 1832 in Aarau In 1835 his uncle Albrecht Rengger and his brother in law Ferdinand Wydler published the Journey to Paraguay 1 The book contains valuable fragments about land people and animals 5 Taxonomic descriptions EditJohann Rudolph Rengger described several taxa an echimyid rodent the long tailed spiny rat Proechimys longicaudatus Rengger 1830 a chinchillid rodent the plains viscacha Viscacia Rengger 1830 which is a genus synonym for Lagostomus 7 a cricetid rodent the large vesper mouse Calomys callosus Rengger 1830 a primate the Azaras s capuchin Cebus azarae Rengger 1830 which is a species synonym for Sapajus cay an orb web weaving spider Parawixia bistriata Rengger 1836 See also EditBonpland Aime 1773 1858 von Humboldt Alexander 1769 1859 References Edit a b c Rengger Johann Rudolph 1835 Reise nach Paraguay in den Jahren 1818 bis 1826 in German ISBN 9783845712567 Kropotkine Pierre 2015 11 09 De Darwin a Lamarck Kropotkine biologiste 1910 1919 in French ENS Editions ISBN 9782847886887 Rengger Johann Rudolph 1817 Physiologische Untersuchungen uber die thierische Haushaltung der Insecten Tubingen H Laupp a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Rengger Johann Rudolph 1830 Naturgeschichte der Saeugethiere von Paraguay Supplementary material in Darwin s copy Basel Schweighauser a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help a b c d Albert Schumann 1889 Rengger Johann Rudolf Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie ADB in German vol 28 Leipzig Duncker amp Humblot pp 220 222 Aime Bonpland Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 4 9th ed New York Charles Scribner s Sons 1878 p 36 Spotorno Angel E Patton James L 2015 03 09 Superfamily Chinchilloidea Bennett 1833 In Patton James L Pardinas Ulyses F J D Elia Guillermo eds Mammals of South America Volume 2 Rodents University of Chicago Press p 780 ISBN 9780226169606 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Johann Rudolph Rengger amp oldid 1129354020, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
