With the death of William III of Orange, the legitimate male line of William the Silent (the second House of Orange) became extinct. John William Friso, the senior agnatic descendant of William the Silent's brother and a cognatic descendant of Frederick Henry, grandfather of William III, claimed the succession as stadtholder in all provinces held by William III. This was denied to him by the republican faction in the Netherlands.[5]
The five provinces over which William III ruled – Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Gelderland and Overijssel – all suspended the office of stadtholder after William III's death. The remaining two provinces – Friesland and Groningen – were never governed by William III, and continued to retain a separate stadtholder, John William Friso. He established the third House of Orange, which became extinct in the male line in 1890. His son, William IV of Orange, later became stadtholder of all seven provinces.[6]
John William Friso's position as William III's heir general was opposed by King Frederick I of Prussia, who also claimed (and occupied) part of the inheritance (for example Lingen). Under William III's will, Friso stood to inherit the Principality of Orange. However, the Prussian King Frederick I also claimed the Principality of Orange in the Rhône Valley, of which he later ceded the territory to France.[7]
Military career and deathedit
On coming of age in 1707, John William Friso became a general of the Dutch troops during the War of Spanish Succession, under the command of the Duke of Marlborough, and turned out to be a competent officer. He was present at the Siege of Ostend, commanded Dutch infantry at the Battle of Oudenarde, the Siege of Lille, and the Battle of Malplaquet, while leading all operations at the Siege of Mons. The prestige that he acquired from his military service should have favored his eventual elevation as stadtholder in the remaining five provinces. However, in 1711, when traveling from the front in Flanders to meet the King of Prussia in The Hague in connection with his suit in the succession dispute, he drowned on 14 July when the ferry boat on the Moerdyk was overturned in heavy weather. His son was born six weeks after his death.[8]
Monuments in Moerdijk and Strijensas, on both sides of the historic ferry crossing across the Hollands Diep, commemorate the drowning of Johan Willem Friso.[9]
^"John William Friso | Dutch Stadholder, Dutch Statesman, Dutch Reformer | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 18 March 2024. Retrieved 12 April 2024.
^"New Most Recent Common Ancestor of Reigning European Monarchs". The Royal Forums. 6 October 2022. Retrieved 5 March 2024.
^John William Friso. (2014). Encyclopædia Britannica
^Green, Michaël (31 December 2012). "Educating Johan Willem Friso (1687-1711) of Nassau-Dietz. Huguenot Tutorship at the Court of the Frisian Stadtholders". Virtus | Journal of Nobility Studies. 19: 103–124. ISSN 1380-6130.
^State, P. F. (2008). A Brief History of the Netherlands. New York: Facts On File.
^State, P. F. (2008). A Brief History of the Netherlands. New York: Facts On File.
^John William Friso. (2014). Encyclopædia Britannica
^State, P. F. (2008). A Brief History of the Netherlands. New York: Facts On File.
^"Monument in Moerdijk voor tragisch verdronken Willem Friso". RD.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 21 November 2020.
john, william, friso, other, uses, friso, disambiguation, dutch, johan, willem, friso, august, 1687, july, 1711, became, titular, prince, orange, 1702, stadtholder, friesland, groningen, dutch, republic, until, death, accidental, drowning, hollands, diep, 1711. For other uses see Friso disambiguation John William Friso Dutch Johan Willem Friso 14 August 1687 14 July 1711 became the titular Prince of Orange in 1702 He was the Stadtholder of Friesland and Groningen in the Dutch Republic until his death by accidental drowning in the Hollands Diep in 1711 1 From 1938 to 2022 Friso and his wife Marie Louise were the most recent common ancestors of all then reigning European monarchs 2 As of 2023 the most recent common ancestors of all currently reigning European monarchs are Louis IX Landgrave of Hesse Darmstadt and his wife Countess Palatine Caroline of Zweibrucken John William FrisoPrince of OrangeReign8 March 1702 14 July 1711PredecessorWilliam IIISuccessorWilliam IVPrince of Nassau DietzReign25 March 1696 ca 1702PredecessorHenry Casimir IIPrince of Orange NassauReignca 1702 14 July 1711SuccessorWilliam IVStadtholder of Friesland and GroningenReign25 March 1696 14 July 1711PredecessorHenry Casimir IISuccessorWilliam IVBorn14 August 1687Dessau AnhaltDied14 July 1711 1711 07 14 aged 23 Hollands Diep between Dordrecht and MoerdijkBurial25 February 1712Grote of Jacobijnerkerk LeeuwardenSpouseLandgravine Marie Louise of Hesse Kassel m 1709 wbr IssueAmalia Hereditary Princess of Baden DurlachWilliam IV Prince of OrangeHouseOrange NassauFatherHenry Casimir II Prince of Nassau DietzMotherPrincess Henriette Amalia of Anhalt DessauMilitary serviceBattles warsWar of the Spanish Succession Siege of Ostend Battle of Oudenarde Siege of Lille Sieg of Ghent Battle of Malplaquet Siege of Mons Siege of Douai Contents 1 Background 2 Succession 3 Military career and death 4 Marriage and issue 5 Legacy 6 Ancestry 7 Tree of royal descendants 8 See also 9 ReferencesBackground editHe was the son of Henry Casimir II Prince of Nassau Dietz and Princess Henriette Amalia of Anhalt Dessau who were both first cousins of William III As such he was a member of the House of Nassau the branch of Nassau Dietz and through the testamentary dispositions of William III became the progenitor of the new line of the House of Orange Nassau 3 He was educated under Jean Lemonon professor at the University of Franeker 4 Succession editWith the death of William III of Orange the legitimate male line of William the Silent the second House of Orange became extinct John William Friso the senior agnatic descendant of William the Silent s brother and a cognatic descendant of Frederick Henry grandfather of William III claimed the succession as stadtholder in all provinces held by William III This was denied to him by the republican faction in the Netherlands 5 The five provinces over which William III ruled Holland Zeeland Utrecht Gelderland and Overijssel all suspended the office of stadtholder after William III s death The remaining two provinces Friesland and Groningen were never governed by William III and continued to retain a separate stadtholder John William Friso He established the third House of Orange which became extinct in the male line in 1890 His son William IV of Orange later became stadtholder of all seven provinces 6 John William Friso s position as William III s heir general was opposed by King Frederick I of Prussia who also claimed and occupied part of the inheritance for example Lingen Under William III s will Friso stood to inherit the Principality of Orange However the Prussian King Frederick I also claimed the Principality of Orange in the Rhone Valley of which he later ceded the territory to France 7 Military career and death editOn coming of age in 1707 John William Friso became a general of the Dutch troops during the War of Spanish Succession under the command of the Duke of Marlborough and turned out to be a competent officer He was present at the Siege of Ostend commanded Dutch infantry at the Battle of Oudenarde the Siege of Lille and the Battle of Malplaquet while leading all operations at the Siege of Mons The prestige that he acquired from his military service should have favored his eventual elevation as stadtholder in the remaining five provinces However in 1711 when traveling from the front in Flanders to meet the King of Prussia in The Hague in connection with his suit in the succession dispute he drowned on 14 July when the ferry boat on the Moerdyk was overturned in heavy weather His son was born six weeks after his death 8 nbsp Depiction of the drowningMarriage and issue editOn 26 April 1709 he married Princess Maria Louise of Hesse Kassel 1688 1765 daughter of Charles I Landgrave of Hesse Kassel and granddaughter of Jacob Kettler Duke of Courland They had two children citation needed Name Birth Death Notes Anna Charlotte Amalia 1710 1777 married Frederick Hereditary Prince of Baden Durlach had issue including Charles Frederick Grand Duke of Baden William IV Prince of Orange 1711 1751 married Anne Princess Royal had issue including William V Prince of OrangeLegacy editMonuments in Moerdijk and Strijensas on both sides of the historic ferry crossing across the Hollands Diep commemorate the drowning of Johan Willem Friso 9 The Regiment Infantry Prins Johan Willem Friso RI PJWF is named in his honour citation needed Central Royal Military Band of the Netherlands Army Johan Willem Friso is named in his honour citation needed Ancestry editAncestors of John William Friso8 Ernest Casimir I Count of Nassau Dietz4 William Frederick Prince of Nassau Dietz9 Sophia Hedwig of Brunswick Luneburg2 Henry Casimir II Prince of Nassau Dietz10 Frederick Henry Prince of Orange 14 5 Albertine Agnes of Nassau11 Amalia of Solms Braunfels 15 1 John William Friso Prince of Orange12 John Casimir Prince of Anhalt Dessau6 John George II Prince of Anhalt Dessau13 Agnes of Hesse Kassel3 Henriette Amalia of Anhalt Dessau14 Frederick Henry Prince of Orange 10 7 Henriette Catherine of Nassau15 Amalia of Solms Braunfels 11 Tree of royal descendants editRoyal descendants of John William Friso and Marie Louise of Hesse Kassel Currently reigning monarchs in bold John William FrisoMarie Louise of Hesse Kassel William IV Prince of OrangePrincess Amalia of Nassau Dietz William V Prince of OrangePrincess Carolina of Orange NassauCharles Frederick Grand Duke of Baden William I of the NetherlandsFrederick William Prince of Nassau WeilburgPrincess Henriette of Nassau WeilburgCharles Louis Hereditary Prince of Baden William II of the NetherlandsPrince Frederick of the NetherlandsWilliam Duke of NassauPrincess Henrietta of Nassau WeilburgDuke Alexander of WurttembergCharles Grand Duke of BadenCaroline of Baden William III of the NetherlandsLouise of the NetherlandsSophia of NassauPrincess Helena of NassauAdolphe Grand Duke of LuxembourgArchduke Karl Ferdinand of AustriaFrancis Duke of TeckJosephine of BadenPrincess Marie Amelie of BadenPrincess Sophie of Bavaria Wilhelmina of the NetherlandsLouise of SwedenGustaf V of SwedenPrincess Helen of Waldeck and PyrmontWilliam IV Grand Duke of LuxembourgMaria Christina of AustriaMary of TeckPrincess Marie of Hohenzollern SigmaringenMary Victoria Douglas HamiltonArchduke Karl Ludwig of Austria Juliana of the NetherlandsChristian X of DenmarkHaakon VII of NorwayPrincess Ingeborg of DenmarkPrince Carl Duke of VastergotlandGustaf VI Adolf of SwedenCharles Edward Duke of Saxe Coburg and GothaCharlotte Grand Duchess of LuxembourgAlfonso XIII of SpainGeorge VI of the United KingdomAlbert I of BelgiumLouis II Prince of MonacoArchduchess Elisabeth Amalie of Austria Beatrix of the NetherlandsOlav V of NorwayPrincess Martha of SwedenPrince Gustaf Adolf Duke of VasterbottenPrincess Sibylla of Saxe Coburg and GothaInfante Juan Count of BarcelonaElizabeth II of the United KingdomPrincess Charlotte Duchess of ValentinoisFranz Joseph II Prince of Liechtenstein Willem Alexander of the NetherlandsHarald V of NorwayCarl XVI Gustaf of SwedenJuan Carlos I of SpainCharles III of the United KingdomRainier III Prince of MonacoHans Adam II Prince of Liechtenstein Felipe VI of Spain Astrid of SwedenLeopold III of Belgium Frederik IX of DenmarkIngrid of SwedenJean Grand Duke of LuxembourgPrincess Josephine Charlotte of BelgiumAlbert II of BelgiumAlbert II Prince of Monaco Margrethe II of DenmarkHenri Grand Duke of LuxembourgPhilippe of Belgium Frederik X of DenmarkSee also editLouis IX Landgrave of Hesse Darmstadt and his wife Countess Palatine Caroline of Zweibrucken became the most recent common ancestors of all current hereditary European monarchs in 2022 when Elizabeth II died and her son Charles III became king References edit John William Friso Dutch Stadholder Dutch Statesman Dutch Reformer Britannica www britannica com 18 March 2024 Retrieved 12 April 2024 New Most Recent Common Ancestor of Reigning European Monarchs The Royal Forums 6 October 2022 Retrieved 5 March 2024 John William Friso 2014 Encyclopaedia Britannica Green Michael 31 December 2012 Educating Johan Willem Friso 1687 1711 of Nassau Dietz Huguenot Tutorship at the Court of the Frisian Stadtholders Virtus Journal of Nobility Studies 19 103 124 ISSN 1380 6130 State P F 2008 A Brief History of the Netherlands New York Facts On File State P F 2008 A Brief History of the Netherlands New York Facts On File John William Friso 2014 Encyclopaedia Britannica State P F 2008 A Brief History of the Netherlands New York Facts On File Monument in Moerdijk voor tragisch verdronken Willem Friso RD nl in Dutch Retrieved 21 November 2020 Pieter Lodewijk Muller 1881 Johann Wilhelm Friso Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie in German vol 14 Leipzig Duncker amp Humblot pp 275 276 John William FrisoHouse of Orange Nassau second creation Cadet branch of the House of NassauBorn 14 August 1687 Died 14 July 1711 Dutch nobility Preceded byWilliam III Prince of Orange1702 1711 VacantTitle next held byWilliam IV Regnal titles Preceded byHenry Casimir II Prince of Nassau Dietz1696 1702 Title obsoletemerged into Germanprincipality of Orange Nassau New title Prince of Orange Nassau1702 1711 Succeeded byWilliam IV Preceded byWilliam III Baron of Breda1702 1711 Political offices Preceded byHenry Casimir II Stadtholder of Friesland and Groningen1696 1711 Succeeded byWilliam IV Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title John William Friso amp oldid 1220777539, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
