Shaffer is known for his studies on the Indus Valley civilization. According to him, there is no archaeological indication of an Aryan migration into northwestern India during or after the decline of the Harappan city culture.[1] Instead, Shaffer has argued for "a series of cultural changes reflecting indigenous cultural developments."[2] According to Shaffer, linguistic change has mistakenly been attributed to migrations of people.[3] Shaffer gives two possible alternative explanations for the similarities between Sanskrit and western languages.[4] The first is a linguistic relationship with a "Zagrosian family of language linking Elamite and Dravidian on the Iranian Plateau," as proposed by McAlpin; according to Shaffer "linguistic similarities may have diffused west from the plateau as a result of the extensive trading networks linking cultures in the plateau with those in Mesopotamia and beyond," while also linking with the Kelteminar culture in Central Asia.[5][note 1] Yet, Shaffer also notes that the Harappan culture was not extensively tied to this network in the third century BCE, leaving the possibility that "membership in a basic linguistic family - Zagrosian - may account for some of the linguistic similarities of later periods."[5] The second possibility is that "such linguistic similarities are a result of post-second millennium B.C. contacts with the west."[5] According to Shaffer, "[o]nce codified, it was advantageous for the emerging hereditary social elites to stabilize such linguistic traits with the validity of the explanations offered in the literature enhancing their social position."[7]
Publicationsedit
Jim G. Shaffer (1984). "The Indo-Aryan Invasions: Cultural Myth and Archaeological Reality". In John R Lukacs (ed.). The People of South Asia: The Biological Anthropology of India, Pakistan and Nepal. New York: Plenum Press. pp. 77–88.
Prehistoric Baluchistan: With Excavation Report on Said Qala Tepe.
A Honaki Phase Site on the Lower Verde River, Arizona.
Jim G. Schaffer (1995). ""Cultural tradition and Palaeoethnicity in South Asian Archaeology"". In Ed. George Erdosy (ed.). Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia. ISBN3-11-014447-6.
Jim G. Schaffer (1999). "Migration, Philology and South Asian Archaeology". In Bronkhorst; Deshpande (eds.). Aryan and Non-Aryan in South Asia. ISBN1-888789-04-2.
Jim G. Schaffer (1993). "Reurbanization: The Eastern Punjab and Beyond". In H. Spodek; D.M. Srinivasan (eds.). Urban Form and Meaning in South Asia: The Shaping of Cities from Prehistoric to Precolonial Times. Studies in the History of Art No. 31. Washington DC: National Gallery of Art. pp. 53–67.
Jim G. Shaffer (1992). "The Indus Valley, Baluchistan and Helmand Traditions: Neolithic Through Bronze Age". In R. W. Ehrich (ed.). Chronologies in Old World Archaeology (Second ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. I:441-464, II:425-446.
Notesedit
^According to Franklin Southworth, "The Dravidian languages, now spoken mainly in peninsular India, form one of two main branches of the Zagrosian language family, whose other main branch consists of Elamitic and Brahui."[6]
Shaffer, Jim G. (2013) [1984]. "Indo-Aryan Invasions: Myth or Reality?". In Lukacs, John (ed.). The People of South Asia: The Biological Anthropology of India, Pakistan, and Nepal. Springer.
Shaffer, J.; Lichtenstein, D. (1999). "Migration, Philology and South Asian Archaeology". In Bronkhorst, J.; Deshpande, M. (eds.). In Aryan and Non-Aryan in South Asia: Evidence, Interpretation and Ideology. Harvard University Press.
External linksedit
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shaffer, this, biography, living, person, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, adding, reliable, sources, contentious, material, about, living, persons, that, unsourced, poorly, sourced, must, removed, immediately, from, article, talk, pag. This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification Please help by adding reliable sources Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page especially if potentially libelous Find sources Jim G Shaffer news newspapers books scholar JSTOR July 2019 Learn how and when to remove this template message Jim G Shaffer born 1944 is an American archaeologist and professor of anthropology at Case Western Reserve University Contents 1 Academic career 2 Rejection of Aryan invasion 3 Publications 4 Notes 5 References 6 Sources 7 External linksAcademic career editShaffer holds a B A 1965 and M A 1967 in Anthropology from Arizona State University He also has a Ph D 1972 in Anthropology from University of Wisconsin Madison Rejection of Aryan invasion editShaffer is known for his studies on the Indus Valley civilization According to him there is no archaeological indication of an Aryan migration into northwestern India during or after the decline of the Harappan city culture 1 Instead Shaffer has argued for a series of cultural changes reflecting indigenous cultural developments 2 According to Shaffer linguistic change has mistakenly been attributed to migrations of people 3 Shaffer gives two possible alternative explanations for the similarities between Sanskrit and western languages 4 The first is a linguistic relationship with a Zagrosian family of language linking Elamite and Dravidian on the Iranian Plateau as proposed by McAlpin according to Shaffer linguistic similarities may have diffused west from the plateau as a result of the extensive trading networks linking cultures in the plateau with those in Mesopotamia and beyond while also linking with the Kelteminar culture in Central Asia 5 note 1 Yet Shaffer also notes that the Harappan culture was not extensively tied to this network in the third century BCE leaving the possibility that membership in a basic linguistic family Zagrosian may account for some of the linguistic similarities of later periods 5 The second possibility is that such linguistic similarities are a result of post second millennium B C contacts with the west 5 According to Shaffer o nce codified it was advantageous for the emerging hereditary social elites to stabilize such linguistic traits with the validity of the explanations offered in the literature enhancing their social position 7 Publications editJim G Shaffer 1984 The Indo Aryan Invasions Cultural Myth and Archaeological Reality In John R Lukacs ed The People of South Asia The Biological Anthropology of India Pakistan and Nepal New York Plenum Press pp 77 88 Prehistoric Baluchistan With Excavation Report on Said Qala Tepe A Honaki Phase Site on the Lower Verde River Arizona Jim G Schaffer 1995 Cultural tradition and Palaeoethnicity in South Asian Archaeology In Ed George Erdosy ed Indo Aryans of Ancient South Asia ISBN 3 11 014447 6 Jim G Schaffer 1999 Migration Philology and South Asian Archaeology In Bronkhorst Deshpande eds Aryan and Non Aryan in South Asia ISBN 1 888789 04 2 Jim G Schaffer 1993 Reurbanization The Eastern Punjab and Beyond In H Spodek D M Srinivasan eds Urban Form and Meaning in South Asia The Shaping of Cities from Prehistoric to Precolonial Times Studies in the History of Art No 31 Washington DC National Gallery of Art pp 53 67 Jim G Shaffer 1992 The Indus Valley Baluchistan and Helmand Traditions Neolithic Through Bronze Age In R W Ehrich ed Chronologies in Old World Archaeology Second ed Chicago University of Chicago Press pp I 441 464 II 425 446 Notes edit According to Franklin Southworth The Dravidian languages now spoken mainly in peninsular India form one of two main branches of the Zagrosian language family whose other main branch consists of Elamitic and Brahui 6 References edit Shaffer amp Lichtenstein 1999 Shaffer 2013 p 88 Shaffer 2013 p 85 86 Shaffer 2013 p 86 87 a b c Shaffer 2013 p 87 Southworth Franklin 2011 Rice in Dravidian Rice 4 3 4 142 148 doi 10 1007 s12284 011 9076 9 S2CID 12983737 Shaffer 2013 p 87 88 Sources editShaffer Jim G 2013 1984 Indo Aryan Invasions Myth or Reality In Lukacs John ed The People of South Asia The Biological Anthropology of India Pakistan and Nepal Springer Shaffer J Lichtenstein D 1999 Migration Philology and South Asian Archaeology In Bronkhorst J Deshpande M eds In Aryan and Non Aryan in South Asia Evidence Interpretation and Ideology Harvard University Press External links edit nbsp Wikiquote has quotations related to Jim G Shaffer Curriculum vitae Faculty webpage nbsp nbsp nbsp This biographical article about an American archaeologist is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte nbsp This article about an American anthropologist is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Jim G Shaffer amp oldid 1175699670, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
