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Jilava Prison

January 01, 1970

Jilava Prison (Romanian: Penitenciarul București–Jilava) is a prison located in Jilava, a village south of Bucharest, Romania.

Jilava Prison
Coordinates44°20′06″N 26°06′27″E / 44.33500°N 26.10750°E / 44.33500; 26.10750
StatusOperational
Population1,049 (as of December 2023)
Opened1907
Managed byAdministrația Națională a Penitenciarelor
DirectorCristina Antoanela Teoroc
Street address1, Sabarului Street
CityJilava
CountyIlfov County
Postal code077120
CountryRomania
Websiteanp.gov.ro/penitenciarul-bucuresti-jilava/

History edit

The prison began as Fort 13, part of the fortifications of Bucharest built in the 1870s and 1880s. It served as an arms deposit and garrison until 1907, when people arrested during the peasants' revolt were brought there. It then served as a military prison until 1948. It held soldiers charged with insubordination and civilians accused of military offenses. During World War I, it first held soldiers who refused mobilization and then, after occupation by the Central Powers, Romanian prisoners of war. Members of the fledgling Romanian Communist Party were taken there in 1921 and after it was outlawed in 1924. During the Grivița strike of 1933, several communists were sent to Jilava, including Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej, Chivu Stoica, Alexandru Drăghici, and Gheorghe Vasilichi. On the night of November 25/26, 1940, the Jilava massacre was carried out by members of the Iron Guard, who killed 64 officials who had served under King Carol II. Part of the Guard members arrested in January 1941 during the Legionnaires' rebellion were sent to Jilava. In May 1946, the accused war criminals tried by the Romanian People's Tribunals were incarcerated at Jilava, including Ion Antonescu, Mihai Antonescu, Constantin Pantazi [ro], Eugen Cristescu, and Radu Lecca. Both Antonescus were executed there on June 1, along with Gheorghe Alexianu and Constantin Vasiliu [ro].[1]

 
Cell at the abandoned Fort 13 Jilava

Between 1948 and 1964, under the Communist regime, the prison was one of transit and triage for "counter-revolutionaries": members of banned political parties, Guardists, spies, accused war criminals and members of anti-Communist organizations. It had a small women's section isolated from the rest. The detainees were held for several months awaiting trial and transfer to other prisons or labor camps, or were brought from other prisons for interrogation by the Securitate secret police. Arriving detainees had to run a gauntlet of guards armed with bats and other weapons; after being beaten on the head and elsewhere, their clothes were inspected while they sat naked on the cement floor. They were then thoroughly inspected for contraband in every bodily orifice. Once in the cells, new prisoners would sleep on the floor, rising to the first and then the second bunk as spaces opened up. One bucket contained water for washing while another was a chamber-pot; the cells reeked of feces and urine. After two detainees escaped in 1951, the windows were sealed. Three prisoners died of asphyxiation in the first month, while the rest were covered in sores. Prisoners were not allowed visitors, packages or letters. Given its transit role, Jilava served as a place where news was exchanged; new arrestees were especially prized, as they would bring news from the outside world.[2]

Holding an average of 3,000 prisoners, Jilava saw them beaten, tortured, starved and denied adequate medical care. The most brutal conditions prevailed under Nicolae Moromete [ro], the warden between 1949 and 1952. During one episode in December 1950, after informants reported that detainees were holding discussions about the political situation and the possibility of being liberated by the United States, he went from cell to cell, removing those pinpointed as the ringleaders. Six guards beat each man mercilessly before covering his head with a bag, stepping on him and beating him with truncheons and revolvers. Returned to his cell wrapped in a blanket, the victim often suffered from split eardrums and broken ribs, while blood flowed from his mouth and nose. According to prisoner accounts, most guards were Roma recruited from surrounding villages.[3]

After 1967, the prison housed common, recidivist criminals under a harsh regime. From the 1970s, they were moved into a new building. Protesters arrested during the Romanian Revolution of 1989 were thrown into the old fort, which was used for storage after 1990, meanwhile decaying.[4]

Notable inmates edit

This is a partial list of notable inmates of Jilava Prison; the symbol † indicates those who died there.

Current use edit

The current director of the penitentiary is Cristina Antoanela Teoroc.[5] As of December 2023, there are 1,049 detainees at Jilava.[6]

The Romanian government has nominated the facility, along with four other prisons used during the communist era, to be included as UNESCO World Heritage Sites.[7]

Citations edit

  1. ^ Muraru 2008, pp. 351–53
  2. ^ Muraru 2008, pp. 353, 355–56, 358
  3. ^ Muraru 2008, pp. 360–61
  4. ^ Muraru 2008, pp. 354, 361
  5. ^ "Conducere ANP și Unități subordonate". anp.gov.ro (in Romanian). Administrația Națională a Penitenciarelor. Retrieved December 13, 2023.
  6. ^ "Despre noi". anp.gov.ro (in Romanian). Administrația Națională a Penitenciarelor. Retrieved December 13, 2023.
  7. ^ "Romanian ex-prisoners fight to save memory of former Communist jails". France 24. 10 April 2024. Retrieved 10 April 2024.

General and cited references edit

External links edit

  • Fort 13 Jilava: Documentary on YouTube
  • The honors of Communist Jilava Prison. Fort 13 Jilava on YouTube

January 01, 1970
jilava, prison, romanian, penitenciarul, bucurești, jilava, prison, located, jilava, village, south, bucharest, romania, coordinates44, 33500, 10750, 33500, 10750statusoperationalpopulation1, december, 2023, opened1907managed, byadministrația, națională, penit. Jilava Prison Romanian Penitenciarul București Jilava is a prison located in Jilava a village south of Bucharest Romania Jilava PrisonCoordinates44 20 06 N 26 06 27 E 44 33500 N 26 10750 E 44 33500 26 10750StatusOperationalPopulation1 049 as of December 2023 Opened1907Managed byAdministrația Națională a PenitenciarelorDirectorCristina Antoanela TeorocStreet address1 Sabarului StreetCityJilavaCountyIlfov CountyPostal code077120CountryRomaniaWebsiteanp wbr gov wbr ro wbr penitenciarul bucuresti jilava wbr Contents 1 History 2 Notable inmates 3 Current use 4 Citations 5 General and cited references 6 External linksHistory editThe prison began as Fort 13 part of the fortifications of Bucharest built in the 1870s and 1880s It served as an arms deposit and garrison until 1907 when people arrested during the peasants revolt were brought there It then served as a military prison until 1948 It held soldiers charged with insubordination and civilians accused of military offenses During World War I it first held soldiers who refused mobilization and then after occupation by the Central Powers Romanian prisoners of war Members of the fledgling Romanian Communist Party were taken there in 1921 and after it was outlawed in 1924 During the Grivița strike of 1933 several communists were sent to Jilava including Gheorghe Gheorghiu Dej Chivu Stoica Alexandru Drăghici and Gheorghe Vasilichi On the night of November 25 26 1940 the Jilava massacre was carried out by members of the Iron Guard who killed 64 officials who had served under King Carol II Part of the Guard members arrested in January 1941 during the Legionnaires rebellion were sent to Jilava In May 1946 the accused war criminals tried by the Romanian People s Tribunals were incarcerated at Jilava including Ion Antonescu Mihai Antonescu Constantin Pantazi ro Eugen Cristescu and Radu Lecca Both Antonescus were executed there on June 1 along with Gheorghe Alexianu and Constantin Vasiliu ro 1 nbsp Cell at the abandoned Fort 13 Jilava Between 1948 and 1964 under the Communist regime the prison was one of transit and triage for counter revolutionaries members of banned political parties Guardists spies accused war criminals and members of anti Communist organizations It had a small women s section isolated from the rest The detainees were held for several months awaiting trial and transfer to other prisons or labor camps or were brought from other prisons for interrogation by the Securitate secret police Arriving detainees had to run a gauntlet of guards armed with bats and other weapons after being beaten on the head and elsewhere their clothes were inspected while they sat naked on the cement floor They were then thoroughly inspected for contraband in every bodily orifice Once in the cells new prisoners would sleep on the floor rising to the first and then the second bunk as spaces opened up One bucket contained water for washing while another was a chamber pot the cells reeked of feces and urine After two detainees escaped in 1951 the windows were sealed Three prisoners died of asphyxiation in the first month while the rest were covered in sores Prisoners were not allowed visitors packages or letters Given its transit role Jilava served as a place where news was exchanged new arrestees were especially prized as they would bring news from the outside world 2 Holding an average of 3 000 prisoners Jilava saw them beaten tortured starved and denied adequate medical care The most brutal conditions prevailed under Nicolae Moromete ro the warden between 1949 and 1952 During one episode in December 1950 after informants reported that detainees were holding discussions about the political situation and the possibility of being liberated by the United States he went from cell to cell removing those pinpointed as the ringleaders Six guards beat each man mercilessly before covering his head with a bag stepping on him and beating him with truncheons and revolvers Returned to his cell wrapped in a blanket the victim often suffered from split eardrums and broken ribs while blood flowed from his mouth and nose According to prisoner accounts most guards were Roma recruited from surrounding villages 3 After 1967 the prison housed common recidivist criminals under a harsh regime From the 1970s they were moved into a new building Protesters arrested during the Romanian Revolution of 1989 were thrown into the old fort which was used for storage after 1990 meanwhile decaying 4 Notable inmates editThis is a partial list of notable inmates of Jilava Prison the symbol indicates those who died there Gheorghe Alexianu Constantin Anghelache Ion Antonescu Mihai Antonescu Gheorghe Argeșanu Toma Arnăuțoiu Gheorghe Arsenescu Radu Băldescu Ioan Bengliu Mișu Benvenisti Ernest Bernea Aristide Blank Arsenie Boca Matei Boilă Sorin Bottez Mihail Gheorghiu Bujor Victor Cădere Alexandru Cantacuzino George Matei Cantacuzino Ion Caraion Gheorghe Cardaș Ștefan Carjan Dumitru Carlaonț Nicolae Ceaușescu Radu Cioculescu ro Radu Ciuceanu Nicolae Ciupercă Gheorghe Clime Corneliu Zelea Codreanu Alecu Constantinescu Corneliu Coposu Dumitru Coroamă Ovidiu Cotruș Eugen Cristescu Nicolae Dăscălescu Constantin David Constantin Doncea Alexandru Drăghici Ioan Dumitrache Constantin Ticu Dumitrescu Anton Durcovici Gheorghe Eminescu Ion Ficior ro Leonte Filipescu Radu Filipescu Ștefan Foriș Dimitrie Gerota Gheorghe Gheorghiu Dej Vladimir Ghika Toma Ghițulescu Nicolae Giosan Paul Goma Emil Hațieganu Traian Herseni Iuliu Hirțea Iuliu Hossu Victor Iamandi Ion Ioanid George Ivașcu Leon Kalustian Remus Koffler Radu Korne Radu Lecca Gheorghe N Leon Vasile Luca Horia Macellariu Nicolae Macici Ernest Maftei Mihail Manoilescu Gheorghe Manoliu Șmil Marcovici Nicolae Mărgineanu Gabriel Marinescu Ion C Marinescu Istrate Micescu Gheorghe Mihail Radu Mironovici Alexandru Moghioroș Mihail Moruzov Ghiță Moscu Marian Munteanu Ion Negoițescu Ion Negulescu ro Alexandru Nicolau Constantin Nicolescu Paul Niculescu Mizil Constantin Noica Dusko Novakovic Constantin Oprișan ro Zenovie Paclișanu Francisc Panet Constantin Pantazi ro Gherman Pantea Ovidiu Papadima Iustin Parvu ro Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu Florin Pavlovici I Peltz Nicolae Penescu Constantin Titel Petrescu Dumitru Petrescu Dinu Pillat Ilie Pintilie Ion Pistol Cristian Popescu Piedone David Popescu Mitică Popescu N Porsenna Grigore Preoteasa Dragoș Protopopescu Gogu Rădulescu Mihai Rădulescu Savel Rădulescu Șerban Rădulescu Zoner Alexander Ratiu Leonte Răutu Ion Rimaru Mihail Roller Radu R Rosetti Filimon Sarbu Janos Scheffler Ion Dezideriu Sirbu Barbu Slătineanu ro Gheorghe Ștefănescu Boris Stefanov Nicolae Steinhardt Chivu Stoica Vasile Stoica Adrian Stroe Alexandru Todea Sandu Tudor Eugen Țurcanu Gheorghe Ursu Gheorghe Vasilichi Constantin Vasiliu ro Alice Voinescu Mircea Vulcănescu Richard Wurmbrand A L Zissu Alexandru ZubCurrent use editThe current director of the penitentiary is Cristina Antoanela Teoroc 5 As of December 2023 there are 1 049 detainees at Jilava 6 The Romanian government has nominated the facility along with four other prisons used during the communist era to be included as UNESCO World Heritage Sites 7 Citations edit Muraru 2008 pp 351 53 Muraru 2008 pp 353 355 56 358 Muraru 2008 pp 360 61 Muraru 2008 pp 354 361 Conducere ANP și Unități subordonate anp gov ro in Romanian Administrația Națională a Penitenciarelor Retrieved December 13 2023 Despre noi anp gov ro in Romanian Administrația Națională a Penitenciarelor Retrieved December 13 2023 Romanian ex prisoners fight to save memory of former Communist jails France 24 10 April 2024 Retrieved 10 April 2024 General and cited references editMuraru Andrei 2008 Dicționarul penitenciarelor din Romania comunistă 1945 1967 in Romanian Institutul de Investigare a Crimelor Comunismului in Romania Iași Polirom ISBN 978 973 46 0893 5 OCLC 297531689 External links editFort 13 Jilava Documentary on YouTube The honors of Communist Jilava Prison Fort 13 Jilava on YouTube Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Jilava Prison amp oldid 1219800920, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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