The first migration of Jews to Khaybar dates back, by some accounts, to the time of King David,[1] others date it back to the time of Babylonian exile.[2] The Jewish settlers of Khaybar were the descendants of Shephatiah the son of Mahalalel from the tribe of Judah[3] and some settlers were descendants of the Cohanim[4]
Economic activityedit
The Jews of Khaybar pioneered the cultivation of the oasis and made their living growing date palm trees, as well as through commerce and craftsmanship, accumulating considerable wealth.[5] Some objects found by the Muslims when they entered Khaybar—a siege-engine, 20 bales of Yemenite cloth, and 500 cloaks—point out to an intense trade carried out by the Jews. In the past some scholars attempted to explain the siege-engine by suggesting that it was used for settling quarrels among the families of the community. Today most academics believe it was stored in a depôt for future sale, in the same way that swords, lances, shields, and other weaponry had been sold by the Jews to Arabs. Equally, the cloth and the cloaks may have been intended for sale, as it was unlikely that such a quantity of luxury goods were kept for the exclusive use of the Jews. However, these commercial activities led to some resentment that is similar to the economic causes that were behind persecutions in many other countries throughout history.[6]
Expulsion of the Jews from Khaybaredit
During the reign of Caliph Umar (634–644), the Jewish community of Khaybar were transported alongside the Christian community of Najran to the newly conquered regions of Syria and Iraq. Umar also forbade non-Muslims to reside in the Hejaz for longer than three days.[7]
Later historyedit
Medieval referencesedit
Despite the expulsion of Jews from Khaybar, they continue to appear in Middle Ages documents. Benjamin of Tudela, writing in the 12th century, recorded tales of the military prowess of the Jews of Khaybar in his time, and writes they sent questions to the Babylonian geonim. The Jews of Khaybar were also referenced by several Italian travelers such as Obadiah of Bertinoro and Ludovico di Varthema of Bologna; the latter claimed to have discovered 5,000 Jews in Khaybar when he paused there to water his camels.[8] David Reubeni claimed he was born in a place referred to as Ḥabor or Khaybar and served as a general in a Jewish army there.[9][8]
Heritage and folkloreedit
The Jews of Khaybar are mentioned in several Arab traditions. The Makhamra family of Yatta, in the southern Hebron Hills, traces its ancestry to the Jews of Kheibar, and families in neighboring villages have similar traditions. Another tradition, told in the late 19th century by the fellahin of Meithalun, Samaria, mentions a Jewish king and princess who resided in the area. A tell named Khirbet Kheibar in local nomenclature is located at the village.[8]
Contemporary political useedit
In recent decades, the Palestinian Islamic militant group Hamas has revived the story of Khaybar's Jews being defeated and expelled and utilized it as a political slogan.[8]
^Jawad Ali, Al-Mufassal fi Tarikh al-Arab qabala al-Islam, Dar Al-Saqqi publishing house, 2001, volume 12 page 102
^Jawad Ali, Al-Mufassal fi Tarikh al-Arab qabala al-Islam, Dar Al-Saqqi publishing house, 2001, volume 12 page 102
^Ali bin Ebrahim Al-Halabi, Ensan Al-Uyyoun Fi Sirat Al-Amin Al-Mamoon, Dar Al-Kutub Al-Elmyia publishing house, Beirut, 1427, volume 2 page 288
^Yāqut, Šihāb al-Dīn ibn ‘Abd Allah al-Ḥamawī al-Rūmī al-Baġdādī (ed. Ferdinand Wüstenfeld), Mu’jam al-Buldān, vol. IV, Leipzig 1866, p. 542 (reprint: Ṭaharān 1965, Maktabat al-Asadi); Hayyim Zeev Hirschberg, Israel Ba-‘Arav, Tel Aviv 1946, p. 343 (Hebrew).
^Veccia Vaglieri, L. "Khaybar", Encyclopaedia of Islam
^ abcdLowin, Shari (2010-10-01), "Khaybar", Encyclopedia of Jews in the Islamic World, Brill, pp. 148–150, doi:10.1163/1878-9781_ejiw_com_0012910, retrieved 2023-06-22
^Aaron Zeev Aescoly, The Story of David Hareuveni, Bialik Institute: Jerusalem 1993, pp. 64–72 (Hebrew)
December 15, 2023
history, jews, khaybar, jewish, community, khaybar, which, miles, north, medina, formerly, yathrib, flourished, century, contents, migration, khaybar, economic, activity, expulsion, jews, from, khaybar, later, history, medieval, references, heritage, folklore,. The Jewish community in Khaybar which is 95 miles 153 km north of Medina formerly Yathrib flourished in the 7th century Contents 1 Migration to Khaybar 2 Economic activity 3 Expulsion of the Jews from Khaybar 4 Later history 4 1 Medieval references 4 2 Heritage and folklore 4 3 Contemporary political use 5 See also 6 ReferencesMigration to Khaybar editThe first migration of Jews to Khaybar dates back by some accounts to the time of King David 1 others date it back to the time of Babylonian exile 2 The Jewish settlers of Khaybar were the descendants of Shephatiah the son of Mahalalel from the tribe of Judah 3 and some settlers were descendants of the Cohanim 4 Economic activity editThe Jews of Khaybar pioneered the cultivation of the oasis and made their living growing date palm trees as well as through commerce and craftsmanship accumulating considerable wealth 5 Some objects found by the Muslims when they entered Khaybar a siege engine 20 bales of Yemenite cloth and 500 cloaks point out to an intense trade carried out by the Jews In the past some scholars attempted to explain the siege engine by suggesting that it was used for settling quarrels among the families of the community Today most academics believe it was stored in a depot for future sale in the same way that swords lances shields and other weaponry had been sold by the Jews to Arabs Equally the cloth and the cloaks may have been intended for sale as it was unlikely that such a quantity of luxury goods were kept for the exclusive use of the Jews However these commercial activities led to some resentment that is similar to the economic causes that were behind persecutions in many other countries throughout history 6 Expulsion of the Jews from Khaybar editDuring the reign of Caliph Umar 634 644 the Jewish community of Khaybar were transported alongside the Christian community of Najran to the newly conquered regions of Syria and Iraq Umar also forbade non Muslims to reside in the Hejaz for longer than three days 7 Later history editMedieval references edit Despite the expulsion of Jews from Khaybar they continue to appear in Middle Ages documents Benjamin of Tudela writing in the 12th century recorded tales of the military prowess of the Jews of Khaybar in his time and writes they sent questions to the Babylonian geonim The Jews of Khaybar were also referenced by several Italian travelers such as Obadiah of Bertinoro and Ludovico di Varthema of Bologna the latter claimed to have discovered 5 000 Jews in Khaybar when he paused there to water his camels 8 David Reubeni claimed he was born in a place referred to as Ḥabor or Khaybar and served as a general in a Jewish army there 9 8 Heritage and folklore edit The Jews of Khaybar are mentioned in several Arab traditions The Makhamra family of Yatta in the southern Hebron Hills traces its ancestry to the Jews of Kheibar and families in neighboring villages have similar traditions Another tradition told in the late 19th century by the fellahin of Meithalun Samaria mentions a Jewish king and princess who resided in the area A tell named Khirbet Kheibar in local nomenclature is located at the village 8 Contemporary political use edit In recent decades the Palestinian Islamic militant group Hamas has revived the story of Khaybar s Jews being defeated and expelled and utilized it as a political slogan 8 See also editKhaybar Battle of Khaybar Safiyya bint Huyayy Makhamra family Antisemitism in the Arab world Islam and antisemitismReferences edit Ibn Khaldun Kitab al ʻIbar wa Diwan al Mubtadaʼ wa l Khabar fi Taʼrikh al ʻArab Dar al Fekr publishing house Beirut 1988 volume 2 page 342 Jawad Ali Al Mufassal fi Tarikh al Arab qabala al Islam Dar Al Saqqi publishing house 2001 volume 12 page 102 Jawad Ali Al Mufassal fi Tarikh al Arab qabala al Islam Dar Al Saqqi publishing house 2001 volume 12 page 102 Ali bin Ebrahim Al Halabi Ensan Al Uyyoun Fi Sirat Al Amin Al Mamoon Dar Al Kutub Al Elmyia publishing house Beirut 1427 volume 2 page 288 Yaqut Sihab al Din ibn Abd Allah al Ḥamawi al Rumi al Baġdadi ed Ferdinand Wustenfeld Mu jam al Buldan vol IV Leipzig 1866 p 542 reprint Ṭaharan 1965 Maktabat al Asadi Hayyim Zeev Hirschberg Israel Ba Arav Tel Aviv 1946 p 343 Hebrew Veccia Vaglieri L Khaybar Encyclopaedia of Islam Giorgio Levi Della Vida and Michael Bonner Encyclopaedia of Islam and Madelung The Succession to Prophet Muhammad p 74 a b c d Lowin Shari 2010 10 01 Khaybar Encyclopedia of Jews in the Islamic World Brill pp 148 150 doi 10 1163 1878 9781 ejiw com 0012910 retrieved 2023 06 22 Aaron Zeev Aescoly The Story of David Hareuveni Bialik Institute Jerusalem 1993 pp 64 72 Hebrew Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title History of the Jews in Khaybar amp oldid 1180659989, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
