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Born in Stanisławów, Galicia, Austria-Hungary (now Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine),[1] Kuryłowicz was a Polish historical linguist, structuralist and language theoretician, deeply interested in the studies of Indo-European languages. He studied at the Vienna University of Economics and Business (1913–1914), and then, after World War I, continued his studies at Lwów University, where his unusual language skills drew the attention of some prominent linguists. As a result, he was granted a scholarship in Paris. This gave him an opportunity to qualify as a university professor of Indo-European linguistics soon after his return to Poland. After obtaining the title, he became a professor at the University of Lwów. Later on, in 1946-48 Kuryłowicz filled in for Dr Krzyżanowski at the Institute of English Philology in Wrocław. Finally, he moved to Kraków, where he took the chair of General Linguistics at Jagiellonian University. He retired in 1965. Kuryłowicz was a member of the Polish Academy of Learning and the Polish Academy of Science. He died at the age of 82 in Kraków.
He was the brother of the microbiologist Włodzimierz Kuryłowicz. His son, also named Jerzy Kuryłowicz (1925–2002), obtained his PhD from the Technical University of Warsaw.
Work in linguisticsedit
Kuryłowicz did not belong to any of the structuralist linguistic schools. In his views he was close to glossematics, whose many assumptions he accepted and developed. He is best known for his works on the Indo-European languages. The most important ones are Apophony in Indo-European (1956) and The Inflectional Categories of Indo-European (1964). In the latter, he discussed the inflectional categories of Indo-European languages and later, on the basis of these studies, formulated the so-called Case Theory.
Laws of analogyedit
Building on prior work by Antoine Meillet, Kuryłowicz's is also known for his "Six Laws of Analogy" that have been widely used in historical linguistics to understand how analogical grammatical changes work.[2] The laws consist of six predictive statements about the direction of analogical changes:
A bipartite marker tends to replace an isofunctional simple marker.
The directionality of analogy is from a “basic” form to a “subordinate” form with respect to their spheres of usage.
A structure consisting of a basic and a subordinate member serves as a foundation for a basic member which is isofunctional but isolated.
When the old (non-analogical) form and the new (analogical) form are both in use, the former remains in secondary function and the latter takes the basic function.
A more marginal distinction is eliminated for the benefit of a more significant distinction.
A base in analogy may belong to a prestige dialect affecting the form of a dialect imitating it.[3][4][5]
Case theoryedit
In this theory he proposes the division into grammatical and concrete cases. According to Kuryłowicz, the case is a syntactic or semantic relation expressed by the appropriate inflected form or by linking the preposition with a noun, so it is the category based on a relation inside the sentence or a relation between two sentences.
The category of case covers two basic case groups:
Grammatical cases: their primary function is syntactic, the semantic function is secondary. If we take the sentence: ‘The boy sat down’ (Fisiak 1975: 59) with an intransitive verb ‘sit’, we may notice that the sentence can be changed into causative construction: ‘’He made the boy sit down’’ (ibid), where the word ‘boy’ is changed from nominative into accusative, with the superior position of nominative. (Nominativus, accusativus)
Concrete cases: they include instrumentalis, locativus and ablativus, whose primary function is the adverbial semantic function. They answer the questions: with what?, where?, from where?. The syntactic function of concrete cases is secondary. These cases are governed by semantically determined verbs.
For example, the Polish verb kierować (to drive) governs the direct object in the instrumental case, as in the expression kierować samochodem (to drive a car) (Fisiak 1975: 60)
Laryngealsedit
While studying the phonology of Indo-European languages, Kuryłowicz pointed to the existence of the Hittite consonant ḫ in his 1927 paper "ə indo-européen et ḫ hittite". This discovery supported Ferdinand de Saussure’s 1879 proposal of the existence of coefficients sonantiques, elements that de Saussure reconstructed to account for vowel length alternations in Indo-European. This led to the so-called laryngeal theory, a major step forward in Indo-European linguistics and a confirmation of de Saussure's theory.
Syntactic transformationedit
In 1936 Kuryłowicz introduced the idea of syntactic transformation, pointing at the same time that this syntactic (transformative) derivation does not change the meaning of syntactic form. Therefore, if we take the sentence like: Kate washes the car. and change it into passive: The car is washed by Kate. we can notice that the second sentence has the same meaning as the first one. They differ just in terms of style. The idea of transformative derivation proves that Kuryłowicz was ahead of his times, because what he described resembles one of the main assumptions of Chomsky’s Transformative – Generative Grammar postulated several years later.
Foundation conceptedit
Kuryłowicz was also interested in the element hierarchy and the function of the language system. Analyzing the problem of hierarchy he introduced the concept of foundation, which is the relation between two forms or functions in a language. One of the forms or functions, so-called founding, always results in the presence of the founded, not conversely. For instance, in Latin, the endings -os and -or in the nominative singular both always correspond with the ending -orem in the accusative singular. This does not work the other way round, because the ending in the accusative does not allow one to predict the ending in the nominative case: it can be either -os or -or. (Fisiak 1975: 56)
Publicationsedit
Traces de la place du ton en gathique. Paris: Champion, 1925.
Kuryłowicz, J., 1927a. “Les effets du ə en indoiranien”, Prace Filologiczne 11: 201–43.
Kuryłowicz, J., 1927b. “ə indo-européen et ḫ hittite”, in Symbolae grammaticae in honorem Ioannis Rozwadowski, vol. 1. Edited by W. Taszycki & W. Doroszewski. Kraków: Gebethner & Wolff, pp. 95–104.
Études indo-européennes. Kraków: Skład Główny w Ksiegarni Gebethnera i Wolffa, 1935.
Kuryłowicz, J., 1936. “Derivation lexicale et derivation syntaxique”. In Kuryłowicz, J., 1960, 41–50.
Kuryłowicz, J., 1938. “Struktura morfemu”. In Kuryłowicz, J., 51–65.
Kuryłowicz, J., 1949a. “La nature des proces dits ‘analogiques’”. Acta Linguistica 5: 121–38.
Kuryłowicz, J., 1949b. “La notion de l’isomorphisme”. In Kuryłowicz, J., 1960, 16–26.
Kuryłowicz, J., 1949c. “Le probleme du classement des cas”. In Kuryłowicz, J., 1960, 131–154.
L'apophonie en indo-européen. Wrocław: Zakład im. Ossolińskich, 1956.
L'accentuation des langues indo-européennes. Wrocław: Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich, 1958.
Esquisses linguistiques. Wrocław–Kraków: Polska Akademia Nauk / Zakład Naroldowy im. Ossolíńskich, 1960.
The Inflectional Categories of Indo-European. Heidelberg: Carl Winter, 1964.
Die sprachlichen Grundlagen der altgermanischen Metrik. Vortrag, gehalten am 3. Juni 1970 in Rahmen einer Vortragswoche d. Univ. Innsbruck aus Anlass ihrer 300-Jahr-Feier. Edited by Jerzy Kuryłowicz. Innsbruck: Institut für Vergleichende Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Innsbruck, 1970.
Studies in Semitic grammar and metrics. Wrocław: Wydawn. Polskiej Akademii Nauk / Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich; London: Curzon Press, 1972.
Studia indoeuropejskie; or, Études indo-européennes. Edited by Jerzy Kuryłowicz et al. Wrocław: Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich, 1974.
Metrik und Sprachgeschichte. Wrocław: Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich, 1975.
Problèmes de linguistique indo-européenne. Wrocław: Zakład narodowy im. Ossolińskich, 1977.
Studia językoznawcze, vol. 1: Wybór prac opublikowanych w języku polskim. Warsaw: Państwowe Wydawn. Nauk., 1987.
^Kuryłowicz, Jerzy. 1964. The Inflectional Categories of Indo-European. Heidelberg:Winter.
Fisiak, J., 1975. Wstęp do współczesnych teorii lingwistycznych. Wydawnictwa Szkolne i Pedagogiczne. Warszawa.
October 28, 2023
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This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages This article s lead section may be too short to adequately summarize the key points Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article October 2019 This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Jerzy Kurylowicz news newspapers books scholar JSTOR October 2019 Learn how and when to remove this template message Learn how and when to remove this template message Jerzy Kurylowicz Polish ˈjɛʐɨ kurɨˈwɔvit ʂ 26 August 1895 28 January 1978 1 was a Polish linguist who studied Indo European languages Jerzy KurylowiczBorn 1895 08 26 26 August 1895Stanislawow Galicia Austria Hungary now Ivano Frankivsk Ukraine Died28 January 1978 1978 01 28 aged 82 Krakow PolandNationalityPolishAcademic workDisciplineLinguistMain interestsIndo European languages Contents 1 Life 2 Work in linguistics 2 1 Laws of analogy 2 2 Case theory 2 3 Laryngeals 2 4 Syntactic transformation 2 5 Foundation concept 3 Publications 4 Decorations and awards 5 ReferencesLife editBorn in Stanislawow Galicia Austria Hungary now Ivano Frankivsk Ukraine 1 Kurylowicz was a Polish historical linguist structuralist and language theoretician deeply interested in the studies of Indo European languages He studied at the Vienna University of Economics and Business 1913 1914 and then after World War I continued his studies at Lwow University where his unusual language skills drew the attention of some prominent linguists As a result he was granted a scholarship in Paris This gave him an opportunity to qualify as a university professor of Indo European linguistics soon after his return to Poland After obtaining the title he became a professor at the University of Lwow Later on in 1946 48 Kurylowicz filled in for Dr Krzyzanowski at the Institute of English Philology in Wroclaw Finally he moved to Krakow where he took the chair of General Linguistics at Jagiellonian University He retired in 1965 Kurylowicz was a member of the Polish Academy of Learning and the Polish Academy of Science He died at the age of 82 in Krakow He was a member of the Polish Academy of Learning and the Polish Academy of Sciences He was the brother of the microbiologist Wlodzimierz Kurylowicz His son also named Jerzy Kurylowicz 1925 2002 obtained his PhD from the Technical University of Warsaw Work in linguistics editKurylowicz did not belong to any of the structuralist linguistic schools In his views he was close to glossematics whose many assumptions he accepted and developed He is best known for his works on the Indo European languages The most important ones are Apophony in Indo European 1956 and The Inflectional Categories of Indo European 1964 In the latter he discussed the inflectional categories of Indo European languages and later on the basis of these studies formulated the so called Case Theory Laws of analogy edit Building on prior work by Antoine Meillet Kurylowicz s is also known for his Six Laws of Analogy that have been widely used in historical linguistics to understand how analogical grammatical changes work 2 The laws consist of six predictive statements about the direction of analogical changes A bipartite marker tends to replace an isofunctional simple marker The directionality of analogy is from a basic form to a subordinate form with respect to their spheres of usage A structure consisting of a basic and a subordinate member serves as a foundation for a basic member which is isofunctional but isolated When the old non analogical form and the new analogical form are both in use the former remains in secondary function and the latter takes the basic function A more marginal distinction is eliminated for the benefit of a more significant distinction A base in analogy may belong to a prestige dialect affecting the form of a dialect imitating it 3 4 5 Case theory edit In this theory he proposes the division into grammatical and concrete cases According to Kurylowicz the case is a syntactic or semantic relation expressed by the appropriate inflected form or by linking the preposition with a noun so it is the category based on a relation inside the sentence or a relation between two sentences The category of case covers two basic case groups Grammatical cases their primary function is syntactic the semantic function is secondary If we take the sentence The boy sat down Fisiak 1975 59 with an intransitive verb sit we may notice that the sentence can be changed into causative construction He made the boy sit down ibid where the word boy is changed from nominative into accusative with the superior position of nominative Nominativus accusativus Concrete cases they include instrumentalis locativus and ablativus whose primary function is the adverbial semantic function They answer the questions with what where from where The syntactic function of concrete cases is secondary These cases are governed by semantically determined verbs For example the Polish verb kierowac to drive governs the direct object in the instrumental case as in the expression kierowac samochodem to drive a car Fisiak 1975 60 Laryngeals edit While studying the phonology of Indo European languages Kurylowicz pointed to the existence of the Hittite consonant ḫ in his 1927 paper e indo europeen et ḫ hittite This discovery supported Ferdinand de Saussure s 1879 proposal of the existence of coefficients sonantiques elements that de Saussure reconstructed to account for vowel length alternations in Indo European This led to the so called laryngeal theory a major step forward in Indo European linguistics and a confirmation of de Saussure s theory Syntactic transformation edit In 1936 Kurylowicz introduced the idea of syntactic transformation pointing at the same time that this syntactic transformative derivation does not change the meaning of syntactic form Therefore if we take the sentence like Kate washes the car and change it into passive The car is washed by Kate we can notice that the second sentence has the same meaning as the first one They differ just in terms of style The idea of transformative derivation proves that Kurylowicz was ahead of his times because what he described resembles one of the main assumptions of Chomsky s Transformative Generative Grammar postulated several years later Foundation concept edit Kurylowicz was also interested in the element hierarchy and the function of the language system Analyzing the problem of hierarchy he introduced the concept of foundation which is the relation between two forms or functions in a language One of the forms or functions so called founding always results in the presence of the founded not conversely For instance in Latin the endings os and or in the nominative singular both always correspond with the ending orem in the accusative singular This does not work the other way round because the ending in the accusative does not allow one to predict the ending in the nominative case it can be either os or or Fisiak 1975 56 Publications editTraces de la place du ton en gathique Paris Champion 1925 Kurylowicz J 1927a Les effets du e en indoiranien Prace Filologiczne 11 201 43 Kurylowicz J 1927b e indo europeen et ḫ hittite in Symbolae grammaticae in honorem Ioannis Rozwadowski vol 1 Edited by W Taszycki amp W Doroszewski Krakow Gebethner amp Wolff pp 95 104 Etudes indo europeennes Krakow Sklad Glowny w Ksiegarni Gebethnera i Wolffa 1935 Kurylowicz J 1936 Derivation lexicale et derivation syntaxique In Kurylowicz J 1960 41 50 Kurylowicz J 1938 Struktura morfemu In Kurylowicz J 51 65 Kurylowicz J 1949a La nature des proces dits analogiques Acta Linguistica 5 121 38 Kurylowicz J 1949b La notion de l isomorphisme In Kurylowicz J 1960 16 26 Kurylowicz J 1949c Le probleme du classement des cas In Kurylowicz J 1960 131 154 L apophonie en indo europeen Wroclaw Zaklad im Ossolinskich 1956 L accentuation des langues indo europeennes Wroclaw Zaklad Narodowy im Ossolinskich 1958 Esquisses linguistiques Wroclaw Krakow Polska Akademia Nauk Zaklad Naroldowy im Ossolinskich 1960 The Inflectional Categories of Indo European Heidelberg Carl Winter 1964 with Manfred Mayrhofer Indogermanische Grammatik Heidelberg 1968 ff Die sprachlichen Grundlagen der altgermanischen Metrik Vortrag gehalten am 3 Juni 1970 in Rahmen einer Vortragswoche d Univ Innsbruck aus Anlass ihrer 300 Jahr Feier Edited by Jerzy Kurylowicz Innsbruck Institut fur Vergleichende Sprachwissenschaft der Universitat Innsbruck 1970 Studies in Semitic grammar and metrics Wroclaw Wydawn Polskiej Akademii Nauk Zaklad Narodowy im Ossolinskich London Curzon Press 1972 Studia indoeuropejskie or Etudes indo europeennes Edited by Jerzy Kurylowicz et al Wroclaw Zaklad Narodowy im Ossolinskich 1974 Metrik und Sprachgeschichte Wroclaw Zaklad Narodowy im Ossolinskich 1975 Problemes de linguistique indo europeenne Wroclaw Zaklad narodowy im Ossolinskich 1977 Studia jezykoznawcze vol 1 Wybor prac opublikowanych w jezyku polskim Warsaw Panstwowe Wydawn Nauk 1987 Decorations and awards edit1965 Honorary doctorate from the University of Vienna 1973 Austrian Decoration for Science and ArtReferences edit a b Jerzy Kurylowicz Britannica com Archived from the original on 21 October 2022 Kiparsky Paul Analogy In International Encyclopedia of Linguistics Oxford University Press 2003 Kurylowicz Jerzy 1947 La nature des proces dit analogiques Acta Linguistica 5 17 34 Kurylowicz Jerzy 1960 Esquisses linguistiques Prace Jezykoznawcze 9 Wroclaw Kurylowicz Jerzy 1964 The Inflectional Categories of Indo European Heidelberg Winter Fisiak J 1975 Wstep do wspolczesnych teorii lingwistycznych Wydawnictwa Szkolne i Pedagogiczne Warszawa Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Jerzy Kurylowicz amp oldid 1135778539, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
