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Henri Mordacq

January 01, 1970

Jean Jules Henri Mordacq (12 January 1868 – 14 April 1943) was a French general. During his early years as a captain he was the sabre champion of the French Army's officer corps. In World War I, he was a frontline commander of initially the 159th Regiment of Alpine Infantry [fr], then the 90th Brigade, and finally the 24th Infantry Division [fr], in the process being wounded twice on the battlefield. In 1918 and the Paris Peace Conference, he was a close aide to Clemenceau.

Jean Jules Henri Mordacq
Born(1868-01-12)12 January 1868
Clermont-Ferrand
Died14 April 1943(1943-04-14) (aged 75)
Paris

Early career edit

Mordacq's military career began as a lieutenant in French Algeria before joining the Foreign Legion's 1st Foreign Regiment in French Indochina in 1893. Fighting off the remaining pirates in Tonkin, he became an intelligence officer during the Colonnes du Nord in 1896 where he met Joseph Gallieni and Hubert Lyautey. He returned to Algeria for a year and then studied in Paris at the École de guerre to become a staff officer. He then became known for his military writing advocating reforms from the military schools to tactical warfare. He became chief of staff of Georges Picquart's 10th Infantry Division. When Picquart became Secretary of War in Clemenceau's first Government in 1906, he became very influential as Picquart's right hand. He pushed for the nomination of former mentor Ferdinand Foch at the head of the École de guerre before becoming an instructor there in 1910. He gave there the first strategy course in France known as the Cours des maréchaux for it was only open to the top fifteen students at the École de guerre. He came back to the Office of war promoting further reforms. Then Secretary and former comrade at Saint-Cyr Adolphe Messimy nominated him Director-in-second and head of the military classes at the École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr in 1912. He trained the future lieutenants and captains who would lead the French units in combat at the start of World War I.

First World War edit

1914 edit

In August 1914, Mordacq was chief of staff of general Archinard's 1st Reserve Corps Group in the Eastern Army. When the Germans breached the French lines through Belgium, he asked for a frontline command and became commander of the famous 159th Regiment of Alpine Infantry [fr]. He immediately partook in the Battle of the Frontiers and his regiment participated in ending the German advance in the Vosges before the First Battle of the Marne led to the Race to the Sea. He then took command of the defence of Arras, the key to the sea and again halted the German advance there, which led to the front's stabilisation and the start of trench warfare.

1915 edit

Promoted to colonel, he took command of the 90th Brigade which witnessed on 22 April 1915 the first chemical attack in history. His troops stood firm in the following weeks and retook lost ground.

1916 edit

He was made général de brigade in 1916 and led the 24th Infantry Division [fr], which fought in the Battle of Verdun and the Battle of the Somme.

1917 edit

In early 1917, he led his division in the Champagne region and threw back the Germans back to their lines before the Chemin des Dames attack.

He was to command an infantry corps in Italy but was called in early November 1917 to become the military chief of staff in Clemenceau's second government in what was to be nicknamed the Ministère de la Victoire.

In government edit

He proved himself essential to the French command's reorganisation and was Clemenceau's influential right-hand man (his main military advisor) from 1917 to 1920, thus participating extensively in the Allied victory of 1918.

In January 1920, he became commander of the 30th Infantry Corps occupying in Rhineland in Wiesbaden. He remained at his command until 1925 when he left the army, resenting the contemporary political and military leaders who alienated him for his criticism of the appeasement policy toward Germany and for his unrelenting loyalty to Clemenceau in 1920.

Retirement edit

From 1925 to his death in 1943, Mordacq wrote more than twenty books and published dozens of articles in influential reviews to promote Clemenceau and his actions in the troubled days from November 1917 to 1920, explaining the choices and reforms which were made in order to achieve military and political victory.

He criticised former friend Philippe Pétain's promulgation of racial laws in 1941. Mordacq was found dead in the Seine under the Pont des Arts on 12 April 1943. The authorities at the time claimed this was the result of suicide.[1]

His last literary work on World War I, part 4 in the series "The Great Hours of War", titled, "1917, The Year of Anguish", was released just after the onset of World War II, in 1940.

Works (titles translated from French) edit

 
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Jean Jules Henri Mordacq
  • Mordacq, Captaine, The War in Morocco: Tactical Lessons of the two Franco-Moroccan (1884) and Spanish-Moroccan (1859-1860) Wars, Paris: Lavauzelle, 1896
  • Mordacq, Captaine, "Pacification of Upper Tonkin: History of the last military operations, Northern Columns (1895-1896)", Paris: Chapelat, 1901
  • Mordacq, Captaine, "The officer in the new army: his professional training", Paris: Lavauzelle, 1906
  • Mordacq, Captaine (pseudonym Jibé Gal), "The New Army, what it thinks, what it wants", Paris, Plon, 1906
  • Mordacq, Commandant, The War in Africa: Big Columns Tactics, Lessons from the Expedition against the Beni Snassen (1859), Paris: Chapelat, 1908
  • Mordacq, Commandant, "The Fighting Cyclists", Paris: L. Fournier, 1910
  • Mordacq, Commandant, "The Strategy: Historical Evolution", Paris: Fournier, 1912
  • Mordacq, Commandant, "Strategic Trials: The Duration of the Next War", Paris: Levrault, 1912 (extract from "The General Military Review")
  • Mordacq, Commandant, "A lived strategic situation: the prodromes of Moukden", Paris: Berge-Levrault, 1912 (extract from "The General Military Review")
  • Mordacq, Lieutenant-Colonel, "The Sudanese Cavalry Soldier", Paris: Lavauzelle, 1912
  • Mordacq, Lieutenant-Colonel, "Politics and Strategy in a Democracy", Paris: Plon, 1912
  • Mordacq, Lieutenant-Colonel, "War in the 20th century, strategic essays", Paris: Berger-Levrault, 1914
  • Mordacq, Lieutenant-Colonel, "Military Life in France and Abroad: The Officer in the 20th Century", Paris: Alcan, 1914
  • Mordacq, Général H., "The German mentality; five years in command on the Rhine", Paris: Plon, 1925
  • Mordacq, Général H., "Evacuation of the Rhineland?", Paris: Tallandier, 1928
  • Mordacq, Général, "Unity of Command: How it Was Achieved", Paris: Tallandier, 1929
  • Mordacq, Général, "The World War, lived pages. The Truth About the Armistice", Paris: Tallandier, 1929
  • Mordacq, Général, "Could the armistice be signed in Berlin?...", Paris: Grasset, 1930
  • Mordacq, Général, "The Clemenceau ministry, diary of a witness" (4 vol.), Paris: Plon, 1931
  • Mordacq, Général, "Clemenceau at the end of his life, 1920-1929" (2 vol.), Paris: Plon, 1933
  • Mordacq, Général, "The drama of the Yser; the gas surprise" (April 1915)", Paris: Éditions des Portiques, 1933
  • Mordacq, Général H., "The Truth About One Command", Paris: Éditions Albert, 1934
  • Mordacq, Général H., "Why Arras was not taken (1914)", Paris: Plon, 1934
  • Mordacq, Général, "The Lessons of 1914 and the Next War", Paris: Flammarion, 1934
  • Mordacq, Général H., "Should we change the government?", Paris: Michel, 1935
  • Mordacq, Général H., "Legends of the Great War", Paris: Flammarion, 1935
  • Mordacq, Général (as Preface), "The 25th, 65th and 106th Infantry Battalions during the Great War", Paris: Caudron, 1936
  • Bismarck, Otto von (with Henri Mordacq as Preface), "Bismarck's Political Testament", Paris: Corrêa, 1937
  • Mordacq, Général H., "The armistice of November 11, 1918. Account of a witness", Paris: Plon, 1937
  • Mordacq, Général H., "The Great Hours of War, 1914 (vol. 1), The War of Movement", Paris: Plon, 1938
  • Mordacq, Général H., "National Defense in Danger", Paris: Les Éditions, 1938
  • Mordacq, Général H., "The Great Hours of War, 1915 (vol. 2), Trench Warfare", Paris: Plon, 1939
  • Mordacq, Général H., "The Great Hours of War, 1916 (vol. 3), Verdun", Paris: Plon, 1939
  • Mordacq, Général H., "A Great Polish Victory", Paris: Atlas, 1939
  • Mordacq, Général H., "Clemenceau", Paris: Les Éditions de France, 1939
  • Mordacq, Général H., "The Great Hours of War, 1917 (vol. 4), The Year of Anguish", Paris: Plon, 1940

References edit

  1. ^ "CLEMENCEAU AIDE a SUICIDE, NAZIS SAY; Gen. J.J. Henri Mordacq Jumped into Seine River, Broadcast from Berlin Reports WORLD WAR I COMMANDER Confidant and Biographer of 'Tiger' is Said to Have Had Many Political Foes". The New York Times. 14 April 1943.
 
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January 01, 1970
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You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in French June 2021 Click show for important translation instructions View a machine translated version of the French article Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 6 178 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing French Wikipedia article at fr Henri Mordacq see its history for attribution You may also add the template Translated fr Henri Mordacq to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation Jean Jules Henri Mordacq 12 January 1868 14 April 1943 was a French general During his early years as a captain he was the sabre champion of the French Army s officer corps In World War I he was a frontline commander of initially the 159th Regiment of Alpine Infantry fr then the 90th Brigade and finally the 24th Infantry Division fr in the process being wounded twice on the battlefield In 1918 and the Paris Peace Conference he was a close aide to Clemenceau Jean Jules Henri MordacqBorn 1868 01 12 12 January 1868Clermont FerrandDied14 April 1943 1943 04 14 aged 75 Paris Contents 1 Early career 2 First World War 2 1 1914 2 2 1915 2 3 1916 2 4 1917 3 In government 4 Retirement 5 Works titles translated from French 6 ReferencesEarly career editMordacq s military career began as a lieutenant in French Algeria before joining the Foreign Legion s 1st Foreign Regiment in French Indochina in 1893 Fighting off the remaining pirates in Tonkin he became an intelligence officer during the Colonnes du Nord in 1896 where he met Joseph Gallieni and Hubert Lyautey He returned to Algeria for a year and then studied in Paris at the Ecole de guerre to become a staff officer He then became known for his military writing advocating reforms from the military schools to tactical warfare He became chief of staff of Georges Picquart s 10th Infantry Division When Picquart became Secretary of War in Clemenceau s first Government in 1906 he became very influential as Picquart s right hand He pushed for the nomination of former mentor Ferdinand Foch at the head of the Ecole de guerre before becoming an instructor there in 1910 He gave there the first strategy course in France known as the Cours des marechaux for it was only open to the top fifteen students at the Ecole de guerre He came back to the Office of war promoting further reforms Then Secretary and former comrade at Saint Cyr Adolphe Messimy nominated him Director in second and head of the military classes at the Ecole speciale militaire de Saint Cyr in 1912 He trained the future lieutenants and captains who would lead the French units in combat at the start of World War I First World War edit1914 edit In August 1914 Mordacq was chief of staff of general Archinard s 1st Reserve Corps Group in the Eastern Army When the Germans breached the French lines through Belgium he asked for a frontline command and became commander of the famous 159th Regiment of Alpine Infantry fr He immediately partook in the Battle of the Frontiers and his regiment participated in ending the German advance in the Vosges before the First Battle of the Marne led to the Race to the Sea He then took command of the defence of Arras the key to the sea and again halted the German advance there which led to the front s stabilisation and the start of trench warfare 1915 edit Promoted to colonel he took command of the 90th Brigade which witnessed on 22 April 1915 the first chemical attack in history His troops stood firm in the following weeks and retook lost ground 1916 edit He was made general de brigade in 1916 and led the 24th Infantry Division fr which fought in the Battle of Verdun and the Battle of the Somme 1917 edit In early 1917 he led his division in the Champagne region and threw back the Germans back to their lines before the Chemin des Dames attack He was to command an infantry corps in Italy but was called in early November 1917 to become the military chief of staff in Clemenceau s second government in what was to be nicknamed the Ministere de la Victoire In government editHe proved himself essential to the French command s reorganisation and was Clemenceau s influential right hand man his main military advisor from 1917 to 1920 thus participating extensively in the Allied victory of 1918 In January 1920 he became commander of the 30th Infantry Corps occupying in Rhineland in Wiesbaden He remained at his command until 1925 when he left the army resenting the contemporary political and military leaders who alienated him for his criticism of the appeasement policy toward Germany and for his unrelenting loyalty to Clemenceau in 1920 Retirement editFrom 1925 to his death in 1943 Mordacq wrote more than twenty books and published dozens of articles in influential reviews to promote Clemenceau and his actions in the troubled days from November 1917 to 1920 explaining the choices and reforms which were made in order to achieve military and political victory He criticised former friend Philippe Petain s promulgation of racial laws in 1941 Mordacq was found dead in the Seine under the Pont des Arts on 12 April 1943 The authorities at the time claimed this was the result of suicide 1 His last literary work on World War I part 4 in the series The Great Hours of War titled 1917 The Year of Anguish was released just after the onset of World War II in 1940 Works titles translated from French edit nbsp Wikiquote has quotations related to Henri Mordacq nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jean Jules Henri Mordacq nbsp Wikisource has original works by or about Jean Jules Henri Mordacq Mordacq Captaine The War in Morocco Tactical Lessons of the two Franco Moroccan 1884 and Spanish Moroccan 1859 1860 Wars Paris Lavauzelle 1896 Mordacq Captaine Pacification of Upper Tonkin History of the last military operations Northern Columns 1895 1896 Paris Chapelat 1901 Mordacq Captaine The officer in the new army his professional training Paris Lavauzelle 1906 Mordacq Captaine pseudonym Jibe Gal The New Army what it thinks what it wants Paris Plon 1906 Mordacq Commandant The War in Africa Big Columns Tactics Lessons from the Expedition against the Beni Snassen 1859 Paris Chapelat 1908 Mordacq Commandant The Fighting Cyclists Paris L Fournier 1910 Mordacq Commandant The Strategy Historical Evolution Paris Fournier 1912 Mordacq Commandant Strategic Trials The Duration of the Next War Paris Levrault 1912 extract from The General Military Review Mordacq Commandant A lived strategic situation the prodromes of Moukden Paris Berge Levrault 1912 extract from The General Military Review Mordacq Lieutenant Colonel The Sudanese Cavalry Soldier Paris Lavauzelle 1912 Mordacq Lieutenant Colonel Politics and Strategy in a Democracy Paris Plon 1912 Mordacq Lieutenant Colonel War in the 20th century strategic essays Paris Berger Levrault 1914 Mordacq Lieutenant Colonel Military Life in France and Abroad The Officer in the 20th Century Paris Alcan 1914 Mordacq General H The German mentality five years in command on the Rhine Paris Plon 1925 Mordacq General H Evacuation of the Rhineland Paris Tallandier 1928 Mordacq General Unity of Command How it Was Achieved Paris Tallandier 1929 Mordacq General The World War lived pages The Truth About the Armistice Paris Tallandier 1929 Mordacq General Could the armistice be signed in Berlin Paris Grasset 1930 Mordacq General The Clemenceau ministry diary of a witness 4 vol Paris Plon 1931 Mordacq General Clemenceau at the end of his life 1920 1929 2 vol Paris Plon 1933 Mordacq General The drama of the Yser the gas surprise April 1915 Paris Editions des Portiques 1933 Mordacq General H The Truth About One Command Paris Editions Albert 1934 Mordacq General H Why Arras was not taken 1914 Paris Plon 1934 Mordacq General The Lessons of 1914 and the Next War Paris Flammarion 1934 Mordacq General H Should we change the government Paris Michel 1935 Mordacq General H Legends of the Great War Paris Flammarion 1935 Mordacq General as Preface The 25th 65th and 106th Infantry Battalions during the Great War Paris Caudron 1936 Bismarck Otto von with Henri Mordacq as Preface Bismarck s Political Testament Paris Correa 1937 Mordacq General H The armistice of November 11 1918 Account of a witness Paris Plon 1937 Mordacq General H The Great Hours of War 1914 vol 1 The War of Movement Paris Plon 1938 Mordacq General H National Defense in Danger Paris Les Editions 1938 Mordacq General H The Great Hours of War 1915 vol 2 Trench Warfare Paris Plon 1939 Mordacq General H The Great Hours of War 1916 vol 3 Verdun Paris Plon 1939 Mordacq General H A Great Polish Victory Paris Atlas 1939 Mordacq General H Clemenceau Paris Les Editions de France 1939 Mordacq General H The Great Hours of War 1917 vol 4 The Year of Anguish Paris Plon 1940References edit CLEMENCEAU AIDE a SUICIDE NAZIS SAY Gen J J Henri Mordacq Jumped into Seine River Broadcast from Berlin Reports WORLD WAR I COMMANDER Confidant and Biographer of Tiger is Said to Have Had Many Political Foes The New York Times 14 April 1943 nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jean Jules Henri Mordacq Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Henri Mordacq amp oldid 1211751325, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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