Moulin was born in Caen, Calvados.[1] In his youth he was educated at the Collège des Jésuites at Caen, eventually taking employment as an engineer.[2] He briefly joined an infantry regiment in Brittany, and then found employment as a geographer until 1788.[1][3] When the Revolution began in 1789, he volunteered for the Paris National Guard.[4] His pro-revolutionary sentiment developed into a solid political affiliation, and he became widely considered a steady and reliable member of the Jacobins.[5]
Although he was not a figure of national stature, Moulin was nonetheless elevated to the French executive branch of government by fortuitous circumstances. He happened to be in the capital with his army at a critical moment of political upheaval, the Coup of 30 Prairial Year VII.[7] Presented as an acceptable alternative to the Directors who were purged in the coup, Moulin was supported by his friend the vicomte de Barras,[8] and he was appointed to the Directory in June 1799.[9]
Moulin did not remain in office for very long. With his appointment – and the simultaneous elevation of Roger Ducos, a Council deputy supported by the Abbé Sieyès – the Directory assumed its final incarnation. Moulin, Ducos, Barras, Sieyès, and Louis-Jérôme Gohier led the Directory until its dissolution after the coup d'état of 18 Brumaire.[10]
When the coup d'état occurred, the senior member Barras submitted[11] and the Directory officially resigned.[12] Moulin strongly protested the abrogation of the Directory's powers by the ascendant supporters of Napoleon Bonaparte, but his efforts were ignored.[13] Moulin and Gohier were held prisoners by troops led by General Jean Victor Marie Moreau until the two signed papers of resignation (10 November 1799).[14]
Later lifeedit
Moulin eventually became reconciled to Napoleon and returned to military life as a commander in the Grande Armée. He served for several years in the Napoleonic Wars until his health began to decline and he returned to France. He died in Pierrefitte, Seine, on 12 March 1810.[1]
^Robert, Cougny, pp.446–447: "...fit ses études classiques au collège des jésuites à Caen... et devint ingénieur à l'intendance de Paris."
^ (in French). Société des Études Historiques Révolutionnaires et Impériales. Archived from the original on February 21, 2011. Retrieved 2011-04-10.
^Robert, Cougny, p. 447: "Engagé volontaire (juillet 1791) dans un des trois bataillons de Paris...."
^Lefebvre, p.182: "...Moulin [was chosen because he was a] general and a good Jacobin."
^Robert, Cougny, p. 447: "Il prit une part active, avec les généraux Dehoux et Menou, à la guerre de Vendée, se comporta bravement à Saumur (10 juin 1793)...."
^Soboul, p. 535: "Moulin, at that moment passing through Paris...."
^Lefebvre, p. 199: "Everything depended on Barras; he allowed himself to be persuaded to leave."
^Soboul, p. 545: "The Directory was deprived thereby of all power... and could only acquiesce."
^Soboul, p. 545: "Moulin raged furiously, but to no purpose."
^Lefebvre, p. 199: "Gohier and Moulins were powerless and Moreau held them prisoners until they tendered their resignations."
Bibliographyedit
Aulard, François-Alphonse (1910). The French Revolution: A Political History, 1789–1804 (Volume III: The Revolutionary government, 1793–1797). New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 361.
Robert, Adolphe; Cougny, Gaston (1889–1891). Dictionary of French Parliamentarians from 1789 to 1889(PDF) (in French). Vol. 04. Paris: Edgar Bourloton.
jean, françois, auguste, moulin, french, pronunciation, ʒɑ, fʁɑ, oɡyst, mulɛ, march, 1752, march, 1810, general, french, revolution, member, french, directory, long, career, military, officer, serving, france, royal, army, king, louis, garde, nationale, french. Jean Francois Auguste Moulin1 French pronunciation ʒɑ fʁɑ swa oɡyst mulɛ 14 March 1752 12 March 1810 was a general of the French Revolution and member of the French Directory He had a long career as a military officer serving France in the Royal Army of King Louis XVI the Garde Nationale of the French Revolution and the Grande Armee of Napoleon Bonaparte Portrait of Moulin at the Bibliotheque nationale de France Contents 1 Early life and military career 2 Member of the Directory 3 Later life 4 Notes 5 References 6 BibliographyEarly life and military career editMoulin was born in Caen Calvados 1 In his youth he was educated at the College des Jesuites at Caen eventually taking employment as an engineer 2 He briefly joined an infantry regiment in Brittany and then found employment as a geographer until 1788 1 3 When the Revolution began in 1789 he volunteered for the Paris National Guard 4 His pro revolutionary sentiment developed into a solid political affiliation and he became widely considered a steady and reliable member of the Jacobins 5 Moulin served the French First Republic as a general during the French Revolutionary Wars Promoted to adjutant major in 1791 he rapidly advanced to the position of divisional general by 1793 1 He commanded Republican forces during the war in the Vendee and served with distinction at the Battle of Saumur 6 Member of the Directory editAlthough he was not a figure of national stature Moulin was nonetheless elevated to the French executive branch of government by fortuitous circumstances He happened to be in the capital with his army at a critical moment of political upheaval the Coup of 30 Prairial Year VII 7 Presented as an acceptable alternative to the Directors who were purged in the coup Moulin was supported by his friend the vicomte de Barras 8 and he was appointed to the Directory in June 1799 9 Moulin did not remain in office for very long With his appointment and the simultaneous elevation of Roger Ducos a Council deputy supported by the Abbe Sieyes the Directory assumed its final incarnation Moulin Ducos Barras Sieyes and Louis Jerome Gohier led the Directory until its dissolution after the coup d etat of 18 Brumaire 10 When the coup d etat occurred the senior member Barras submitted 11 and the Directory officially resigned 12 Moulin strongly protested the abrogation of the Directory s powers by the ascendant supporters of Napoleon Bonaparte but his efforts were ignored 13 Moulin and Gohier were held prisoners by troops led by General Jean Victor Marie Moreau until the two signed papers of resignation 10 November 1799 14 Later life editMoulin eventually became reconciled to Napoleon and returned to military life as a commander in the Grande Armee He served for several years in the Napoleonic Wars until his health began to decline and he returned to France He died in Pierrefitte Seine on 12 March 1810 1 Notes edit 1 The surname is sometimes spelled Moulins 1 References edit a b c d e Jean Francois Auguste Moulin Archontology org 2009 Retrieved 2011 04 06 Robert Cougny pp 446 447 fit ses etudes classiques au college des jesuites a Caen et devint ingenieur a l intendance de Paris The First Battalion of Paris in French Societe des Etudes Historiques Revolutionnaires et Imperiales Archived from the original on February 21 2011 Retrieved 2011 04 10 Robert Cougny p 447 Engage volontaire juillet 1791 dans un des trois bataillons de Paris Lefebvre p 182 Moulin was chosen because he was a general and a good Jacobin Robert Cougny p 447 Il prit une part active avec les generaux Dehoux et Menou a la guerre de Vendee se comporta bravement a Saumur 10 juin 1793 Soboul p 535 Moulin at that moment passing through Paris Lefebvre p 182 Soboul p 535 Aulard p 361 Lefebvre p 199 Everything depended on Barras he allowed himself to be persuaded to leave Soboul p 545 The Directory was deprived thereby of all power and could only acquiesce Soboul p 545 Moulin raged furiously but to no purpose Lefebvre p 199 Gohier and Moulins were powerless and Moreau held them prisoners until they tendered their resignations Bibliography editAulard Francois Alphonse 1910 The French Revolution A Political History 1789 1804 Volume III The Revolutionary government 1793 1797 New York Charles Scribner s Sons p 361 Robert Adolphe Cougny Gaston 1889 1891 Dictionary of French Parliamentarians from 1789 to 1889 PDF in French Vol 04 Paris Edgar Bourloton Lefebvre Georges Soboul Albert 1962 The Directory London Routledge and Kegan Paul OCLC 668426465 Soboul Albert 1975 The French Revolution 1787 1799 New York Vintage ISBN 0 394 71220 X Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Jean Francois Auguste Moulin amp oldid 1191467223, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
