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Jaqueline Tyrwhitt

Mary Jaqueline Tyrwhitt (25 May 1905 – 21 February 1983) was a British town planner, journalist, editor and educator. She was at the centre of the transnational network of theoreticians and practitioners who shaped the post-war Modern Movement in decentralized community design, residential architecture and social reform. She contributed in developing methods for the application of the ideas of Patrick Geddes, as well as publicizing them.[1][2] Even Tyrwhitt had never met Geddes, she was able to extract from his many writings key ideas and concepts to disseminate among her colleagues and injected Geddesian thinking into conferences, discussions, curricula, publications, and policy documents.[2]

In the 1950s she was a professor at the University of Toronto, where she helped establish a graduate program in city and regional planning and then in 1955 moved to the Harvard Graduate School of Design in the Department of City Planning and Landscape Architecture, where she taught for many years until her retirement.[3]

Early life and education edit

Mary Jacqueline Tyrwhitt was born in Pretoria, South Africa to Thomas Tyrwhitt and Jaqueline Frances Otter.[4] In Pretoria her father worked as an architect in the public Works Department where he designed public buildings as part of the reconstruction effort after the Boer War of 1899-1902.[4]

Before War edit

Although Jacqueline wanted to pursue a history scholarship at Oxford, her father did not allow her.[5] Instead, she prepared for the general horticultural examination of the Royal Horticultural Society, which she passed with high marks in March 1924. The following September she was among eight women in a group of 30 students who comprised the first-year class at the Architectural Association (AA) which at that time still followed traditional Beaux Arts principles and methods. In mid-1926 she took a job working for a small firm of "garden architects" in her London neighbourhood and was also enrolled in an evening course at the London School of Economics.[citation needed]

Interwar Work and Professional Development edit

Tyrwhitt spent the first nine months of 1937 studying town planning and land settlement at the Technische Hochschule in Berlin (TH-Berlin). Back in England Tyrwhitt enrolled in the SPRRD, graduating with honours in 1939.[6] She was also involved as members stayed in constant touch with Sir Barlow and kept him apprised of their work. The Industries Group report, "Location of Industry in Great Britain", published in March 1939.[2]

World War II and post-war edit

Tyrwhitt served as both Director of Research and Director of Studies during World War II at the School of Planning and Research for Regional Development, where she worked for seven years.[7] Beginning in 1941 she worked under Lord Reith with the Association for Planning and Regional Reconstruction for wartime mapping of social statistics and planning for postwar reconstruction. She worked with, among others, Anthony Pott, Anne Radford Wheeler, Alison Milne, Bunty Wills, Peter Saxl, and Lady Eve Balfour.[8]

In 1951 she left England for Canada and helped establish a graduate program in city and regional planning, where along with University of Toronto colleague Marshall McLuhan, anthropologist Edmund Carpenter, political economist Tom Easterbrook, and psychologist D. Carl Williams, co- founded the Explorations Group and the Ford Foundation Seminar on Culture and Communication at the University of Toronto in 1953.[9] The next 18 years were spent working for the School of Graduate Studies in Toronto, for the United Nations in India (1953–54). Tyrwhitt reached 50 in May 1955, and her career started a new, very prolific phase.

1960–76: Turning East edit

Tyrwhitt assisted in introducing a new urban design curriculum at GSD as an Assistant Professor of City Planning at Harvard.[10] She was also instrumental in establishing a new school of planning in Indonesia through a collaboration between Harvard and the United Nations, facilitating the internationalisation of the university and planning education. [10]She retired from Harvard in 1969, and moved to Greece, where she was appointed editor of the journal Ekistics, whose publisher, architect Constantine Doxiadis, was a friend.[11]

Publications edit

  • Jaqueline Tyrwhitt (ed.), Patrick Geddes in India, London, Lund Humphries, 1947, OCLC 352855
  • Jaqueline Tyrwhitt and Gwen Bell (eds.), Human Identity in the Urban Environment, London, Pelican Books, 1971, ISBN 978-0140213645
  • Mary Jaqueline Tyrwhitt, Making a Garden on a Greek Hillside, Limni, Denise Harvey & Co., 1998, ISBN 978-9607120144
  • Jaqueline Tyrwhitt, Society and Environment: A Historical Review, London, Routledge, 2015, ISBN 978-0415706599

Death edit

Tyrwhitt died at her home in Paiania, Greece, at the age of 77, on 21 February 1983.[11]

References edit

  1. ^ Caves, R. W. (2004). Encyclopedia of the City. Routledge. p. 681. ISBN 978-0415862875.
  2. ^ a b c Welter, Volker M. (1 October 2017). "Commentary on "Thinking organic, acting civic: The paradox of planning for cities in evolution" by Michael Batty and Stephen Marshall, and "Jaqueline Tyrwhitt translates Patrick Geddes for post world war two planning" by Ellen Shoshkes". Landscape and Urban Planning. Special Issue: Planning living cities: Patrick Geddes’ legacy in the new millennium. 166: 25–26. doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2017.06.020. ISSN 0169-2046.
  3. ^ "The Harvard Years, 1955-1969", Harvard Graduate School of Design News, April 1983, ISSN 0193-6107
  4. ^ a b Shoshkes, Ellen (2016). Jaqueline Tyrwhitt: A Transnational Life in Urban Planning and Design. doi:10.4324/9781315590356. ISBN 9781317111283.
  5. ^ "Mary Jaqueline Tyrwhitt". deniseharveypublisher.gr. Retrieved 10 March 2018.
  6. ^ Shoshkes, Ellen (1 April 2006). "Jaqueline Tyrwhitt: a founding mother of modern urban design". Planning Perspectives. 21 (2): 179–197. doi:10.1080/02665430600555339. ISSN 0266-5433. S2CID 143844331.
  7. ^ Jaqueline Tyrwhitt at archINFORM
  8. ^ Jaqueline Tyrwhitt: A Transnational Life in Urban Planning and Design, by Ellen Shoshkes, Portland State University, USA, Imprint: Ashgate (May 2013; 274 pages); ISBN 978-1-4094-1778-1/ISBN 9781409417781
  9. ^ Bridging Urban and Media Studies: Jaqueline Tyrwhitt and the Explorations Group 1951-1957, Michael Darroch, Canadian Journal of Communication, Vol 33, No 2 (2008).
  10. ^ a b Shoshkes, Ellen (2016). Jaqueline Tyrwhitt: A Transnational Life in Urban Planning and Design. doi:10.4324/9781315590356. ISBN 9781317111283.
  11. ^ a b Profile of Mary Jaqueline "Jacky" Tyrwhitt, deniseharveypublisher.gr; accessed 1 May 2014.

jaqueline, tyrwhitt, other, people, this, surname, tyrwhitt, mary, 1905, february, 1983, british, town, planner, journalist, editor, educator, centre, transnational, network, theoreticians, practitioners, shaped, post, modern, movement, decentralized, communit. For other people of this surname see Tyrwhitt Mary Jaqueline Tyrwhitt 25 May 1905 21 February 1983 was a British town planner journalist editor and educator She was at the centre of the transnational network of theoreticians and practitioners who shaped the post war Modern Movement in decentralized community design residential architecture and social reform She contributed in developing methods for the application of the ideas of Patrick Geddes as well as publicizing them 1 2 Even Tyrwhitt had never met Geddes she was able to extract from his many writings key ideas and concepts to disseminate among her colleagues and injected Geddesian thinking into conferences discussions curricula publications and policy documents 2 In the 1950s she was a professor at the University of Toronto where she helped establish a graduate program in city and regional planning and then in 1955 moved to the Harvard Graduate School of Design in the Department of City Planning and Landscape Architecture where she taught for many years until her retirement 3 Contents 1 Early life and education 2 Before War 3 Interwar Work and Professional Development 4 World War II and post war 5 1960 76 Turning East 6 Publications 7 Death 8 ReferencesEarly life and education editMary Jacqueline Tyrwhitt was born in Pretoria South Africa to Thomas Tyrwhitt and Jaqueline Frances Otter 4 In Pretoria her father worked as an architect in the public Works Department where he designed public buildings as part of the reconstruction effort after the Boer War of 1899 1902 4 Before War editAlthough Jacqueline wanted to pursue a history scholarship at Oxford her father did not allow her 5 Instead she prepared for the general horticultural examination of the Royal Horticultural Society which she passed with high marks in March 1924 The following September she was among eight women in a group of 30 students who comprised the first year class at the Architectural Association AA which at that time still followed traditional Beaux Arts principles and methods In mid 1926 she took a job working for a small firm of garden architects in her London neighbourhood and was also enrolled in an evening course at the London School of Economics citation needed Interwar Work and Professional Development editTyrwhitt spent the first nine months of 1937 studying town planning and land settlement at the Technische Hochschule in Berlin TH Berlin Back in England Tyrwhitt enrolled in the SPRRD graduating with honours in 1939 6 She was also involved as members stayed in constant touch with Sir Barlow and kept him apprised of their work The Industries Group report Location of Industry in Great Britain published in March 1939 2 World War II and post war editTyrwhitt served as both Director of Research and Director of Studies during World War II at the School of Planning and Research for Regional Development where she worked for seven years 7 Beginning in 1941 she worked under Lord Reith with the Association for Planning and Regional Reconstruction for wartime mapping of social statistics and planning for postwar reconstruction She worked with among others Anthony Pott Anne Radford Wheeler Alison Milne Bunty Wills Peter Saxl and Lady Eve Balfour 8 In 1951 she left England for Canada and helped establish a graduate program in city and regional planning where along with University of Toronto colleague Marshall McLuhan anthropologist Edmund Carpenter political economist Tom Easterbrook and psychologist D Carl Williams co founded the Explorations Group and the Ford Foundation Seminar on Culture and Communication at the University of Toronto in 1953 9 The next 18 years were spent working for the School of Graduate Studies in Toronto for the United Nations in India 1953 54 Tyrwhitt reached 50 in May 1955 and her career started a new very prolific phase 1960 76 Turning East editTyrwhitt assisted in introducing a new urban design curriculum at GSD as an Assistant Professor of City Planning at Harvard 10 She was also instrumental in establishing a new school of planning in Indonesia through a collaboration between Harvard and the United Nations facilitating the internationalisation of the university and planning education 10 She retired from Harvard in 1969 and moved to Greece where she was appointed editor of the journal Ekistics whose publisher architect Constantine Doxiadis was a friend 11 Publications editJaqueline Tyrwhitt ed Patrick Geddes in India London Lund Humphries 1947 OCLC 352855 Jaqueline Tyrwhitt and Gwen Bell eds Human Identity in the Urban Environment London Pelican Books 1971 ISBN 978 0140213645 Mary Jaqueline Tyrwhitt Making a Garden on a Greek Hillside Limni Denise Harvey amp Co 1998 ISBN 978 9607120144 Jaqueline Tyrwhitt Society and Environment A Historical Review London Routledge 2015 ISBN 978 0415706599Death editTyrwhitt died at her home in Paiania Greece at the age of 77 on 21 February 1983 11 References edit Caves R W 2004 Encyclopedia of the City Routledge p 681 ISBN 978 0415862875 a b c Welter Volker M 1 October 2017 Commentary on Thinking organic acting civic The paradox of planning for cities in evolution by Michael Batty and Stephen Marshall and Jaqueline Tyrwhitt translates Patrick Geddes for post world war two planning by Ellen Shoshkes Landscape and Urban Planning Special Issue Planning living cities Patrick Geddes legacy in the new millennium 166 25 26 doi 10 1016 j landurbplan 2017 06 020 ISSN 0169 2046 The Harvard Years 1955 1969 Harvard Graduate School of Design News April 1983 ISSN 0193 6107 a b Shoshkes Ellen 2016 Jaqueline Tyrwhitt A Transnational Life in Urban Planning and Design doi 10 4324 9781315590356 ISBN 9781317111283 Mary Jaqueline Tyrwhitt deniseharveypublisher gr Retrieved 10 March 2018 Shoshkes Ellen 1 April 2006 Jaqueline Tyrwhitt a founding mother of modern urban design Planning Perspectives 21 2 179 197 doi 10 1080 02665430600555339 ISSN 0266 5433 S2CID 143844331 Jaqueline Tyrwhitt at archINFORM Jaqueline Tyrwhitt A Transnational Life in Urban Planning and Design by Ellen Shoshkes Portland State University USA Imprint Ashgate May 2013 274 pages ISBN 978 1 4094 1778 1 ISBN 9781409417781 Bridging Urban and Media Studies Jaqueline Tyrwhitt and the Explorations Group 1951 1957 Michael Darroch Canadian Journal of Communication Vol 33 No 2 2008 a b Shoshkes Ellen 2016 Jaqueline Tyrwhitt A Transnational Life in Urban Planning and Design doi 10 4324 9781315590356 ISBN 9781317111283 a b Profile of Mary Jaqueline Jacky Tyrwhitt deniseharveypublisher gr accessed 1 May 2014 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Jaqueline Tyrwhitt amp oldid 1200631836, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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