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Jan IV of Oświęcim

Jan IV of Oświęcim (Polish: Jan IV oświęcimski; 1426/1430 – by 21 February 1497), was a Duke of Oświęcim during 1434–1456 (until 1445 with his brothers as co-rulers) and Duke of Gliwice from 1465 to 1482.

Jan IV
Duke of Oświęcim, Gliwice
Coat-of-arms of Upper Silesia (Opole, Oświęcim, Gliwice, etc).
Born1426/1430
Diedby 21 February 1497
Noble familySilesian Piasts of Opole
Spouse(s)Katharina
Barbara of Karniów
IssueHelena of Oświęcim
FatherCasimir I of Oświęcim
MotherAnna of Żagań

He was the third son of Duke Casimir I of Oświęcim by his first wife Anna, daughter of Duke Henry VIII of Żagań.

Life

At the time of his father's death in 1434 Jan IV was still a minor, so was placed under the care of his older brother Wenceslaus I.

In 1441, Wenceslaus I agreed to become a vassal of the King of Poland in exchange for the rights to govern the Duchy of Zator (it would be given to them in 1440 and in 1441 Wacław would officially become a vassal). This step was also followed by Jan IV and his brother Przemysław.

On 19 January 1445 was made the formal division of the Duchy between Casimir I's sons. Despite the fact that he was the youngest brother, Jan IV received Oświęcim, the capital of the Duchy, and the towns of Kęty, Żywiec and half of Gliwice.

Since the beginning of his reign Jan IV joined in adventurous politics with his Silesian cousin. One of his first decisions was not recognized the purchase of Siewierz by the Bishop of Kraków, Zbigniew Oleśnicki. This has led to increased tensions between him and the Polish nobles, even resulting in some border wars (common for that period in medieval Europe). The struggle for Siewierz lasted until 1447, when Jan IV finally accepted the ownership of the Bishop.

In 1448 it seemed that the Jan IV's anti-Polish politics were definitively ended when he signed a border agreement with Kingdom of Poland: however, soon their relations worsened. In 1452, and for unknown reasons, Duke Przemysław of Toszek attack Siewierz. The Polish troops, under the command of Piotr Szafraniec, used this as an excuse to attack Jan IV, and sieged his castle of Barwałd. The Duke of Oświęcim saved his lands only after the payment of 2,000 fines to Piotr Szafraniec. But Jan IV, after these humiliating conditions, refused to surrender, and with the plague over the Poland, he looted Polish borderlands, advanced over Lesser Poland and even approached Kraków, the Polish capital itself, on a daring raid.

The reaction of the Polish King wasn't long in coming. In 1453, a large Polish army under the command of the Starost Jan Szczekocki and the Chamberlain Jan Kuropatwa, invaded his Duchy in retribution. Unable to face the powerful Polish army, he was defeated and on 25 January he decided to capitulate. The Polish King gave him two choices: the vassalization or selling of the Duchy.

Despite his defeat, Jan IV didn't change his conduct and soon after he began the siege of Oświęcim, then under the hands of Jan z Czyżowa. This expedition was unsuccessful, so Jan IV withdrew to the Wolek Castle, from where he conducted trips to the Lesser Poland area.

Eventually, Jan IV accepted that he had lost all chances for victory, and in 1454 he finally agreed to sell his Duchy to the Kingdom of Poland for 20,000 groszes. The sale was confirmed in the act of homage made by the Duchy on 19 March 1454, during the festivities for the King's marriage with Elisabeth of Austria. The Act came into force on 11 October 1456, when King Casimir IV promised to Jan IV the payment of 21,000 pieces of gold and 4,300 fines.

Jan IV briefly joined the Prussian Confederation army as a mercenary during the Thirteen Years' War (one of the Polish-Teutonic Wars). However, the Polish king, Casimir IV Jagiellon, delayed the payment of the promised amount in 1454 and he returned to his homeland with mercenaries and allies from Prussia and located his base of operations in Myślenice, and began his efforts to recover his lost Duchy. Eventually, on 26 June 1458 in Bytom, the Polish King decided to pay him fully to stop the troubles (at the end, the King only gave him 11,000 pieces of gold and he would finish the payment only in 1462) and Jan IV retired from Myślenice, who was burned by the Polish troops.

In 1460, after the death of Bolko V the Hussite, Duke of Opole, Jan IV tried to claim his domains, but was defeated by Bolko V's brother, Nicholas I.

In 1462, with money from the Polish King, he bought Gliwice with its castle from his brother Przemysław, as well as nearby Ujazd from the Bishopric of Wrocław and he became the Duke of Gliwice in 1465.

In 1471, Jan IV and his brother Przemysław supported the election of Władysław Jagiellon as King of Bohemia, which resulted in the beginning of hostile relations with the other candidate for the throne, the Hungarian King Matthias Corvinus. On 27 February 1475 during a meeting in Racibórz, King Matthias arrested Jan IV, and only released him after he give up half of his lands and later. However, the King only secured the fidelity of Jan IV on 12 August 1479, when he paid homage to him in Olomouc.

In 1482, and for unknown reasons, Jan IV sold the rest of his lands in Gliwice; in 1484 he inherited Toszek after the death of his brother Przemysław, but almost immediately the land was confiscated by King Matthias, who claimed more dubious rights to them.

Little is known about Jan IV's last years. He probably retired to the Duchy of Karniów, inherited by his second wife in 1491. Jan IV died around 1496–1497 and was probably buried in Karniów.

Marriages and Issue

By 30 December 1465, Jan IV married firstly with certain Katharina, whose origins are unknown.

Around 1475, Jan IV married secondly with Barbara (b. 1445 – d. 27 April 1510), daughter of Duke Nicholas V of Karniów. She succeeded in 1491 as Duchess of Karniów. They had one daughter:

  1. Helena (b. 1478/80 – d. aft. 1524), married in 1492 to Baron George of Schellenberg.

Ancestry

References

  • (in Polish) Jan (Janusz) IV Oświęcimski (Gliwicki) (genealogy, heraldics, timeline)
  • Cawley, Charles, SILESIA, Medieval Lands database, Foundation for Medieval Genealogy,[self-published source][better source needed]
  • Marek, Miroslav. "Complete Genealogy of the House of Piast". Genealogy.EU.[self-published source][better source needed]
  • Genealogical database by Herbert Stoyan

Further reading

  • Krzysztof Rafał Prokop, Księstwa oświęcimskie i zatorskie wobec Korony Polskiej w latach 1438–1513. Dzieje polityczne, Polska Akademia Umiejętności, Kraków 2002
  • Marcin Spórna, Piotr Wierzbicki, Słownik władców Polski i pretendentów do tronu polskiego, Wydawnictwo Zielona Sowa, Kraków 2003
  • Stanisław Szczur, Krzysztof Ożóg, Piastowie, Wydawnictwo Literackie, Kraków 1999
Jan IV of Oświęcim
Born: between 1426 and 1430 Died: c. 21 February 1497
Regnal titles
Preceded by Duke of Oświęcim
with Wenceslaus I and Przemysław
(until 1445)

1434–1456
Succeeded by
Annexed by the
Kingdom of Bohemia
Preceded by Duke of Toszek
1484
Preceded by Duke of Karniów
with Barbara

1491–1493
Succeeded by
Johann II of Schellenberg

oświęcim, polish, oświęcimski, 1426, 1430, february, 1497, duke, oświęcim, during, 1434, 1456, until, 1445, with, brothers, rulers, duke, gliwice, from, 1465, 1482, ivduke, oświęcim, gliwicecoat, arms, upper, silesia, opole, oświęcim, gliwice, born1426, 1430di. Jan IV of Oswiecim Polish Jan IV oswiecimski 1426 1430 by 21 February 1497 was a Duke of Oswiecim during 1434 1456 until 1445 with his brothers as co rulers and Duke of Gliwice from 1465 to 1482 Jan IVDuke of Oswiecim GliwiceCoat of arms of Upper Silesia Opole Oswiecim Gliwice etc Born1426 1430Diedby 21 February 1497Noble familySilesian Piasts of OpoleSpouse s KatharinaBarbara of KarniowIssueHelena of OswiecimFatherCasimir I of OswiecimMotherAnna of ZaganHe was the third son of Duke Casimir I of Oswiecim by his first wife Anna daughter of Duke Henry VIII of Zagan Contents 1 Life 2 Marriages and Issue 3 Ancestry 4 References 5 Further readingLife EditAt the time of his father s death in 1434 Jan IV was still a minor so was placed under the care of his older brother Wenceslaus I In 1441 Wenceslaus I agreed to become a vassal of the King of Poland in exchange for the rights to govern the Duchy of Zator it would be given to them in 1440 and in 1441 Waclaw would officially become a vassal This step was also followed by Jan IV and his brother Przemyslaw On 19 January 1445 was made the formal division of the Duchy between Casimir I s sons Despite the fact that he was the youngest brother Jan IV received Oswiecim the capital of the Duchy and the towns of Kety Zywiec and half of Gliwice Since the beginning of his reign Jan IV joined in adventurous politics with his Silesian cousin One of his first decisions was not recognized the purchase of Siewierz by the Bishop of Krakow Zbigniew Olesnicki This has led to increased tensions between him and the Polish nobles even resulting in some border wars common for that period in medieval Europe The struggle for Siewierz lasted until 1447 when Jan IV finally accepted the ownership of the Bishop In 1448 it seemed that the Jan IV s anti Polish politics were definitively ended when he signed a border agreement with Kingdom of Poland however soon their relations worsened In 1452 and for unknown reasons Duke Przemyslaw of Toszek attack Siewierz The Polish troops under the command of Piotr Szafraniec used this as an excuse to attack Jan IV and sieged his castle of Barwald The Duke of Oswiecim saved his lands only after the payment of 2 000 fines to Piotr Szafraniec But Jan IV after these humiliating conditions refused to surrender and with the plague over the Poland he looted Polish borderlands advanced over Lesser Poland and even approached Krakow the Polish capital itself on a daring raid The reaction of the Polish King wasn t long in coming In 1453 a large Polish army under the command of the Starost Jan Szczekocki and the Chamberlain Jan Kuropatwa invaded his Duchy in retribution Unable to face the powerful Polish army he was defeated and on 25 January he decided to capitulate The Polish King gave him two choices the vassalization or selling of the Duchy Despite his defeat Jan IV didn t change his conduct and soon after he began the siege of Oswiecim then under the hands of Jan z Czyzowa This expedition was unsuccessful so Jan IV withdrew to the Wolek Castle from where he conducted trips to the Lesser Poland area Eventually Jan IV accepted that he had lost all chances for victory and in 1454 he finally agreed to sell his Duchy to the Kingdom of Poland for 20 000 groszes The sale was confirmed in the act of homage made by the Duchy on 19 March 1454 during the festivities for the King s marriage with Elisabeth of Austria The Act came into force on 11 October 1456 when King Casimir IV promised to Jan IV the payment of 21 000 pieces of gold and 4 300 fines Jan IV briefly joined the Prussian Confederation army as a mercenary during the Thirteen Years War one of the Polish Teutonic Wars However the Polish king Casimir IV Jagiellon delayed the payment of the promised amount in 1454 and he returned to his homeland with mercenaries and allies from Prussia and located his base of operations in Myslenice and began his efforts to recover his lost Duchy Eventually on 26 June 1458 in Bytom the Polish King decided to pay him fully to stop the troubles at the end the King only gave him 11 000 pieces of gold and he would finish the payment only in 1462 and Jan IV retired from Myslenice who was burned by the Polish troops In 1460 after the death of Bolko V the Hussite Duke of Opole Jan IV tried to claim his domains but was defeated by Bolko V s brother Nicholas I In 1462 with money from the Polish King he bought Gliwice with its castle from his brother Przemyslaw as well as nearby Ujazd from the Bishopric of Wroclaw and he became the Duke of Gliwice in 1465 In 1471 Jan IV and his brother Przemyslaw supported the election of Wladyslaw Jagiellon as King of Bohemia which resulted in the beginning of hostile relations with the other candidate for the throne the Hungarian King Matthias Corvinus On 27 February 1475 during a meeting in Raciborz King Matthias arrested Jan IV and only released him after he give up half of his lands and later However the King only secured the fidelity of Jan IV on 12 August 1479 when he paid homage to him in Olomouc In 1482 and for unknown reasons Jan IV sold the rest of his lands in Gliwice in 1484 he inherited Toszek after the death of his brother Przemyslaw but almost immediately the land was confiscated by King Matthias who claimed more dubious rights to them Little is known about Jan IV s last years He probably retired to the Duchy of Karniow inherited by his second wife in 1491 Jan IV died around 1496 1497 and was probably buried in Karniow Marriages and Issue EditBy 30 December 1465 Jan IV married firstly with certain Katharina whose origins are unknown Around 1475 Jan IV married secondly with Barbara b 1445 d 27 April 1510 daughter of Duke Nicholas V of Karniow She succeeded in 1491 as Duchess of Karniow They had one daughter Helena b 1478 80 d aft 1524 married in 1492 to Baron George of Schellenberg Ancestry EditAncestors of Jan IV of Oswiecim16 Casimir I Duke of Cieszyn8 Przemyslaus I Noszak Duke of Cieszyn17 Euphemia of Czersk Warsaw4 Przemyslaw of Oswiecim18 Boleslaw of Bytom9 Elisabeth of Kozle Bytom19 Margareta of Sternberg2 Casimir I of Oswiecim1 Jan IV of Oswiecim24 Henry IV the Faithful12 Henry V of Iron25 Matilda of Brandenburg Salzwedel6 Henry VIII the Sparrow26 Wenceslaus of Plock13 Anna of Plock27 Elisabeth of Lithuania3 Anna of Zagan28 Bolko II of Opole14 Vladislaus II of Opole29 Elisabeth of Swidnica7 Katharina of Opole30 Andras Lackfi Voivode of Transylvania or Nicolae Alexandru Bassaraba Voivode of Wallachia15 ElisabethReferences Edit in Polish Jan Janusz IV Oswiecimski Gliwicki genealogy heraldics timeline Cawley Charles SILESIA Medieval Lands database Foundation for Medieval Genealogy self published source better source needed Marek Miroslav Complete Genealogy of the House of Piast Genealogy EU self published source better source needed Genealogical database by Herbert StoyanFurther reading EditKrzysztof Rafal Prokop Ksiestwa oswiecimskie i zatorskie wobec Korony Polskiej w latach 1438 1513 Dzieje polityczne Polska Akademia Umiejetnosci Krakow 2002 Marcin Sporna Piotr Wierzbicki Slownik wladcow Polski i pretendentow do tronu polskiego Wydawnictwo Zielona Sowa Krakow 2003 Stanislaw Szczur Krzysztof Ozog Piastowie Wydawnictwo Literackie Krakow 1999Jan IV of OswiecimHouse of PiastBorn between 1426 and 1430 Died c 21 February 1497Regnal titlesPreceded byCasimir I Duke of Oswiecim with Wenceslaus I and Przemyslaw until 1445 1434 1456 Succeeded byAnnexed by the Kingdom of BohemiaPreceded byPrzemyslaw Duke of Toszek1484Preceded byJanos Corvinus Duke of Karniow with Barbara1491 1493 Succeeded byJohann II of Schellenberg Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Jan IV of Oswiecim amp oldid 1015692374, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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