fbpx
Wikipedia

François de Callières

January 01, 1970

François de Callières, sieur de Rochelay et de Gigny (14 May 1645, Thorigny-sur-Vire, Lower Normandy – 5 March 1717, Paris) was a member of the Académie française, a diplomat and writer, a special envoy of Louis XIV who was one of three French plenipotentiaries who signed the Peace of Ryswick in 1697; his De la manière de négocier avec les souverains, 1716 ("On the manner of negotiating with sovereigns", translated as The Practice of Diplomacy), based on his experiences in negotiating the Treaty and having its origins in a letter to the Regent, Philippe, duc d'Orléans, to whom the work was dedicated, became a textbook for eighteenth-century diplomacy: Thomas Jefferson had a copy in his library at Monticello. Of this book John Kenneth Galbraith declared "One wonders why anything more needed to be said on the subject."[1]

Title page of François de Callières, De la manière de négocier (1716).

The companion volume, on the other hand, De la science du monde et des connaissances utiles à la conduite de la vie is less known, though it was quickly translated into English and was admired by Jefferson and Harold Nicolson.

Biography edit

He was the son of Jacques de Callières, governor of Cherbourg and the author of La Fortune des gens de qualité et des gentilshommes particuliers, enseignant l'art de vivre à la cour suivant les maximes de la politique et de la morale ("The Fortune of people of quality and private gentlemen, teaching the art of living at court according to the maxims of politics and morality")

His first commission, at the age of twenty-two, was on behalf of Henri, duc de Longueville, who sent him to Poland in order to press for the election of his son Charles Paris d'Orléans, Count of Saint-Pol as King of Poland. The unlucky count was killed or drowned in a crossing of the Rhine in 1672, and the commission came to nothing.
Callières served discreetly in several European negotiations in the following years: Carlo Emmanuele II, Duke of Savoy employed him in attempting an alliance with France that was cut short by the Duke's death in 1675, but as the Savoyard envoy to Bavaria, Callières was involved in early stages of the negotiations that would eventually bring a Bavarian princess to the court of Louis as bride of the Grand Dauphin.

In Paris he produced several books, including in 1688 a sensible and even-handed contribution in the Quarrel of the Ancients and the Moderns, Histoire poetique de la guerre nouvellement declarée entre les anciens et les modernes ("Poetic history of the war recently declared between the ancients and the moderns"); it included a poem on the subject by Charles Perrault. On 23 December 1689 he was elected to the Académie française; his reception piece was a panegyric on Louis XIV. Three galante works followed, a volume of the latest courtly expressions and the right moves,[2] one reporting bons mots and witty anecdotes of railery[3] and one on the bon usage of the French spoken at Court, contrasted with middle-class expressions, for people of quality to avoid.[4]

In 1694, when the misfortunes of war[5] and a bad harvest in France had brought Louis round to negotiating with the League of Augsburg, Callières' Polish connections in Amsterdam alerted him that the United Provinces were ready for peace. Callières in turn alerted Colbert de Croissy, who sent him in great secrecy to Flanders with Louis de Verjus accompanying Nicolas Auguste de Harlay-Bonneuil, charged with making contact with the representatives of William III. At the end of negotiations he signed the Peace of Ryswick for France in 1697, the high point of his diplomacy. His success brought him an appointment as one of the private secretaries of the king. In his memoirs, Saint-Simon gives a good character of Callières, a gentleman with the courage to tell the truth to the King.

His great work begins with the maxim

"Every Christian Prince should have for a principal maxim not to employ arms to maintain and make proof of his rights, but after having tried and exhausted the route of Reason and of persuasion, and it is in his interest to join thereto as well those of benevolence, which is the surest of all ways to affirm and augment his power; but he must make use of good workers who know how to put good deeds in practice to gain him the hearts and minds of men, and it is in that principally in which consists the science of negotiation."[6]

Today the opening of his second chapter has stronger resonances than ever, two centuries after it was published:

"One must consider that all the States of which Europe is composed, have among them necessary liaisons and commerce, with the result that one may look upon them as members of the same Republic, and that there may scarcely arrive a significant change in some of its members that is not capable of disturbing the tranquility of all the others".[7]

At his death, still unmarried, he left a house in the rue Saint-Augustin filled with French, Italian and Dutch paintings, a large and well-chosen library, and the bulk of his estate to the poor of Paris.

Notes edit

  1. ^ Quoted on the reprint.
  2. ^ Des mots à la mode et des nouvelles façons de parler, avec des observations sur diverses manières d'agir et de s'exprimer, et un discours en vers sur les mêmes matières (1692) Republished by Slatkine, Geneva, 1972.
  3. ^ Des bons mots, des bons contes de leur usage, de la raillerie des anciens, de la raillerie et des railleurs de notre temps (1692) Republished by Slatkine, Geneva, 1971.
  4. ^ Du bon et du mauvais usage dans les manières de s'exprimer, des façons de parler bourgeoises, et en quoy elles sont différentes de celle de la Cour (1693).
  5. ^ For the current phase of the wars of Louis XIV, see the Nine Years' War.
  6. ^ "Tout Prince Chrétien doit avoir pour maxime principale de n'employer les armes pour soutenir et faire valoir ses droits, qu'après avoir tenté et épuisé celle de la raison et de la persuasion, et il est de son intérêt d'y joindre encore celle des biens-faits qui est le plus sûr de tous les moyens pour affermir et pour augmenter sa puissance ; mais il faut qu'il se serve de bons ouvriers qui sachent les mettre en œuvre pour lui gagner les cœurs et les volontez des hommes, et c'est en cela principalemant que consiste la science de la négociation." De la manière de négocier avec les souverains, Chapter 1, pp. 2-3
  7. ^ "Il faut considerer que tous les Etats dont l'Europe est composée, ont entr'eux des liaisons et des commerces necessaires qui font qu'on peut les regarder comme des membres d'un même Republique, et qu'il ne peut presque point arriver de changement considerable en quelques-uns de ses membres qui ne soit capable de troubler le repos de tous les autres".

References edit

  • Laurance Pope, "François de Callières, sieur de Rochelay et de Gigny", 2003
  • François de Callières, 2000. On the Manner of Negotiating with Princes, (New York: Houghton Mifflin)
  • François de Callières, The Practice of Diplomacy, translation of "De la manière de négocier avec les souverains," (London: Constable & Co, 1919)
  • Karl W Schweizer,Francois de Callieres:Diplomat and Man of Letters(Lampeter,1995)
  • The Art of Diplomacy;edited by Karl W Schweizer and M.Keens-Soper(London,1983)

External links edit

January 01, 1970
françois, callières, sieur, rochelay, gigny, 1645, thorigny, vire, lower, normandy, march, 1717, paris, member, académie, française, diplomat, writer, special, envoy, louis, three, french, plenipotentiaries, signed, peace, ryswick, 1697, manière, négocier, ave. Francois de Callieres sieur de Rochelay et de Gigny 14 May 1645 Thorigny sur Vire Lower Normandy 5 March 1717 Paris was a member of the Academie francaise a diplomat and writer a special envoy of Louis XIV who was one of three French plenipotentiaries who signed the Peace of Ryswick in 1697 his De la maniere de negocier avec les souverains 1716 On the manner of negotiating with sovereigns translated as The Practice of Diplomacy based on his experiences in negotiating the Treaty and having its origins in a letter to the Regent Philippe duc d Orleans to whom the work was dedicated became a textbook for eighteenth century diplomacy Thomas Jefferson had a copy in his library at Monticello Of this book John Kenneth Galbraith declared One wonders why anything more needed to be said on the subject 1 Title page of Francois de Callieres De la maniere de negocier 1716 The companion volume on the other hand De la science du monde et des connaissances utiles a la conduite de la vie is less known though it was quickly translated into English and was admired by Jefferson and Harold Nicolson Contents 1 Biography 2 Notes 3 References 4 External linksBiography editHe was the son of Jacques de Callieres governor of Cherbourg and the author of La Fortune des gens de qualite et des gentilshommes particuliers enseignant l art de vivre a la cour suivant les maximes de la politique et de la morale The Fortune of people of quality and private gentlemen teaching the art of living at court according to the maxims of politics and morality His first commission at the age of twenty two was on behalf of Henri duc de Longueville who sent him to Poland in order to press for the election of his son Charles Paris d Orleans Count of Saint Pol as King of Poland The unlucky count was killed or drowned in a crossing of the Rhine in 1672 and the commission came to nothing Callieres served discreetly in several European negotiations in the following years Carlo Emmanuele II Duke of Savoy employed him in attempting an alliance with France that was cut short by the Duke s death in 1675 but as the Savoyard envoy to Bavaria Callieres was involved in early stages of the negotiations that would eventually bring a Bavarian princess to the court of Louis as bride of the Grand Dauphin In Paris he produced several books including in 1688 a sensible and even handed contribution in the Quarrel of the Ancients and the Moderns Histoire poetique de la guerre nouvellement declaree entre les anciens et les modernes Poetic history of the war recently declared between the ancients and the moderns it included a poem on the subject by Charles Perrault On 23 December 1689 he was elected to the Academie francaise his reception piece was a panegyric on Louis XIV Three galante works followed a volume of the latest courtly expressions and the right moves 2 one reporting bons mots and witty anecdotes of railery 3 and one on the bon usage of the French spoken at Court contrasted with middle class expressions for people of quality to avoid 4 In 1694 when the misfortunes of war 5 and a bad harvest in France had brought Louis round to negotiating with the League of Augsburg Callieres Polish connections in Amsterdam alerted him that the United Provinces were ready for peace Callieres in turn alerted Colbert de Croissy who sent him in great secrecy to Flanders with Louis de Verjus accompanying Nicolas Auguste de Harlay Bonneuil charged with making contact with the representatives of William III At the end of negotiations he signed the Peace of Ryswick for France in 1697 the high point of his diplomacy His success brought him an appointment as one of the private secretaries of the king In his memoirs Saint Simon gives a good character of Callieres a gentleman with the courage to tell the truth to the King His great work begins with the maxim Every Christian Prince should have for a principal maxim not to employ arms to maintain and make proof of his rights but after having tried and exhausted the route of Reason and of persuasion and it is in his interest to join thereto as well those of benevolence which is the surest of all ways to affirm and augment his power but he must make use of good workers who know how to put good deeds in practice to gain him the hearts and minds of men and it is in that principally in which consists the science of negotiation 6 Today the opening of his second chapter has stronger resonances than ever two centuries after it was published One must consider that all the States of which Europe is composed have among them necessary liaisons and commerce with the result that one may look upon them as members of the same Republic and that there may scarcely arrive a significant change in some of its members that is not capable of disturbing the tranquility of all the others 7 At his death still unmarried he left a house in the rue Saint Augustin filled with French Italian and Dutch paintings a large and well chosen library and the bulk of his estate to the poor of Paris Notes edit Quoted on the reprint Des mots a la mode et des nouvelles facons de parler avec des observations sur diverses manieres d agir et de s exprimer et un discours en vers sur les memes matieres 1692 Republished by Slatkine Geneva 1972 Des bons mots des bons contes de leur usage de la raillerie des anciens de la raillerie et des railleurs de notre temps 1692 Republished by Slatkine Geneva 1971 Du bon et du mauvais usage dans les manieres de s exprimer des facons de parler bourgeoises et en quoy elles sont differentes de celle de la Cour 1693 For the current phase of the wars of Louis XIV see the Nine Years War Tout Prince Chretien doit avoir pour maxime principale de n employer les armes pour soutenir et faire valoir ses droits qu apres avoir tente et epuise celle de la raison et de la persuasion et il est de son interet d y joindre encore celle des biens faits qui est le plus sur de tous les moyens pour affermir et pour augmenter sa puissance mais il faut qu il se serve de bons ouvriers qui sachent les mettre en œuvre pour lui gagner les cœurs et les volontez des hommes et c est en cela principalemant que consiste la science de la negociation De la maniere de negocier avec les souverains Chapter 1 pp 2 3 Il faut considerer que tous les Etats dont l Europe est composee ont entr eux des liaisons et des commerces necessaires qui font qu on peut les regarder comme des membres d un meme Republique et qu il ne peut presque point arriver de changement considerable en quelques uns de ses membres qui ne soit capable de troubler le repos de tous les autres References editLaurance Pope Francois de Callieres sieur de Rochelay et de Gigny 2003 Francois de Callieres 2000 On the Manner of Negotiating with Princes New York Houghton Mifflin Francois de Callieres The Practice of Diplomacy translation of De la maniere de negocier avec les souverains London Constable amp Co 1919 Karl W Schweizer Francois de Callieres Diplomat and Man of Letters Lampeter 1995 The Art of Diplomacy edited by Karl W Schweizer and M Keens Soper London 1983 External links editWorks by or about Francois de Callieres at Internet Archive Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Francois de Callieres amp oldid 1214098300, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.