fbpx
Wikipedia

Johann Spurzheim

Johann Gaspar Spurzheim (31 December 1776 – 10 November 1832) was a German physician who became one of the chief proponents of phrenology, which was developed c. 1800 by Franz Joseph Gall (1758–1828).

Johann Spurzheim
Johann Spurzheim by Alvan Fisher
Born31 December 1776
Died10 November 1832 (1832-11-11) (aged 55)
Boston, Massachusetts, United States
NationalityGerman
Scientific career
FieldsPhrenology
Phrenology chart attributed to Dr. Spurzheim. Lithograph submitted to the Library of Congress by Pendleton's Lithography, 1834.

Biography edit

Spurzheim was born near Trier, Germany, on 31 December 1776 and studied medicine at the University of Vienna. He became acquainted with Gall in 1800 and was soon hired by him as an assistant. Gall intended to have Spurzheim as his successor and added his name as a co-author to books and publications. In 1812, however, Gall and Spurzheim had a falling out, and Spurzheim started a separate career, lecturing and writing extensively on what he termed 'The Physiognomical System of Drs Gall and Spurzheim'. He greatly popularised phrenology, and travelled extensively throughout Europe, achieving considerable success in England and France.

In 1816 he travelled to Edinburgh to refute an article by Dr John Gordon who had famously debunked Spurzheim, Gall and phrenology in general in an article in the Edinburgh Review in 1815.[1]

He died of typhoid in Boston in 1832, cutting short his first and only American tour. After the public autopsy of Spurzheim, his brain, skull, and heart were removed, preserved in jars of alcohol as relics, and put on display to the public.[2] Adoring Bostonians staged an elaborate public funeral and erected a monument in Mount Auburn Cemetery in Cambridge, Massachusetts.[3]

Spurzheim made many alterations to Gall's phrenological system, including an increase in the number of "organs", as well as its organization into a hierarchical system. Spurzheim also used images and busts to illustrate the craniographic approach of phrenology.

Publications edit

  • Philosophical Catechism of the Natural Laws of Man (1833)

References edit

  1. ^ "History of Phrenology on the Web".
  2. ^ Walsh, Anthony, "The American Tour of Dr. Spurzheim", Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences 27 (1972), pp. 187-205.
  3. ^ Spurzheim Monument at Mount Auburn Cemetery

External links edit

  • Johann Gaspar Spurzheim. WhoNamedIt.
  • , 2002.

johann, spurzheim, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, april, 2. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Johann Spurzheim news newspapers books scholar JSTOR April 2014 Learn how and when to remove this template message Johann Gaspar Spurzheim 31 December 1776 10 November 1832 was a German physician who became one of the chief proponents of phrenology which was developed c 1800 by Franz Joseph Gall 1758 1828 Johann SpurzheimJohann Spurzheim by Alvan FisherBorn31 December 1776Trier Electorate of Trier GermanyDied10 November 1832 1832 11 11 aged 55 Boston Massachusetts United StatesNationalityGermanScientific careerFieldsPhrenologyPhrenology chart attributed to Dr Spurzheim Lithograph submitted to the Library of Congress by Pendleton s Lithography 1834 Contents 1 Biography 2 Publications 3 References 4 External linksBiography editSpurzheim was born near Trier Germany on 31 December 1776 and studied medicine at the University of Vienna He became acquainted with Gall in 1800 and was soon hired by him as an assistant Gall intended to have Spurzheim as his successor and added his name as a co author to books and publications In 1812 however Gall and Spurzheim had a falling out and Spurzheim started a separate career lecturing and writing extensively on what he termed The Physiognomical System of Drs Gall and Spurzheim He greatly popularised phrenology and travelled extensively throughout Europe achieving considerable success in England and France In 1816 he travelled to Edinburgh to refute an article by Dr John Gordon who had famously debunked Spurzheim Gall and phrenology in general in an article in the Edinburgh Review in 1815 1 He died of typhoid in Boston in 1832 cutting short his first and only American tour After the public autopsy of Spurzheim his brain skull and heart were removed preserved in jars of alcohol as relics and put on display to the public 2 Adoring Bostonians staged an elaborate public funeral and erected a monument in Mount Auburn Cemetery in Cambridge Massachusetts 3 Spurzheim made many alterations to Gall s phrenological system including an increase in the number of organs as well as its organization into a hierarchical system Spurzheim also used images and busts to illustrate the craniographic approach of phrenology Publications editPhilosophical Catechism of the Natural Laws of Man 1833 References edit History of Phrenology on the Web Walsh Anthony The American Tour of Dr Spurzheim Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences 27 1972 pp 187 205 Spurzheim Monument at Mount Auburn CemeteryExternal links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Johann Spurzheim Johann Gaspar Spurzheim WhoNamedIt Talking Heads Phrenology at the Countway Library 2002 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Johann Spurzheim amp oldid 1179853786, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.