Newlands was home-schooled by his father, and later studied at the Royal College of Chemistry, now part of Imperial College London. He was interested in social reform and during 1860 served as a volunteer with Giuseppe Garibaldi in his military campaign to unify Italy.[3] Returning to London, Newlands established himself as an analytical chemist in 1864. In 1868 he became chief chemist of James Duncan's London sugar refinery, where he introduced a number of improvements in processing. Later he quit the refinery and again became an analyst with his brother, Benjamin.
Newlands was the first person to devise a periodic table of chemical elements arranged in order of their relative atomic masses[4] published in Chemical News in February 1863.[3][5] Continuing Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner's work with triads and Jean-Baptiste Dumas' families of similar elements, he published in 1865 his "Law of Octaves", which stated that "any given element will exhibit analogous behaviour to the eighth element following it in the table." Newlands arranged all of the known elements, starting with hydrogen and ending with thorium (atomic weight 232), into eight groups of seven, which he likened to octaves of music.[6][7] In Newlands' table, the elements were ordered by the atomic weights that were known at the time and were numbered sequentially to show their order. Groups were shown going across the table, with periods going down – the opposite from the modern form of the periodic table.
The incompleteness of the table alluded to the possible existence of additional, undiscovered elements. However, the Law of Octaves was ridiculed by some of Newlands' contemporaries, and the Society of Chemists did not accept his work for publication.[8]
Newland's table of the elements
After Dmitri Mendeleev and Lothar Meyer received the Davy Medal from the Royal Society for their later 'discovery' of the periodic table in 1882, Newlands fought for recognition of his earlier work and eventually received the Davy Medal in 1887.
On the Discovery of the Periodic Law and on Relations among the Atomic Weights (1884)
John Newlands died due to complications of surgery at his home in Lower Clapton, Middlesex and was buried at West Norwood Cemetery. His businesses was continued after his death by his younger brother, Benjamin.
Worksedit
On the discovery of the periodic law, and on relations among the atomic weights. London: Spon. 1884.
^Carmen J. Giunta, Vera V. Mainz, and Julianna Poole-Sawyer (2020), "Periodicity in Britain: The Periodic Tables of Odling and Newlands" in 150 Years of the Periodic Table, Springer, pp. 93-131.
^Like many of his contemporaries, Newlands first used the terms "equivalent weight" and "atomic weight" without any distinction of meaning and in his first paper during 1863. He used the values accepted by his predecessors. It is now referred to as "standard atomic weight".
^Newlands, John A. R. (7 February 1863). "On Relations Among the Equivalents". Chemical News. 7: 70–72.
^Newlands, John A. R. (20 August 1864). "On Relations Among the Equivalents". Chemical News. 10: 94–95.
^Newlands, John A. R. (18 August 1865). "On the Law of Octaves". Chemical News. 12: 83.
Scerri, Eric R. (2007). The periodic table: Its story and its significance. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 72. ISBN978-0-19-530573-9.
External linksedit
Newlands on classification of elements
January 01, 1970
john, newlands, chemist, john, alexander, reina, newlands, november, 1837, july, 1898, british, chemist, worked, concerning, periodicity, elements, john, newlandsborn, 1837, november, 1837lambeth, london, englanddied21, july, 1898, 1898, aged, lower, clapton, . John Alexander Reina Newlands 26 November 1837 29 July 1898 was a British chemist who worked concerning the periodicity of elements 1 John NewlandsBorn 1837 11 26 26 November 1837Lambeth London EnglandDied21 July 1898 1898 07 21 aged 60 Lower Clapton Middlesex EnglandAlma materRoyal College of ChemistryImperial College LondonKnown forPeriodic table law of octavesAwardsDavy Medal 1887 Scientific careerFieldsAnalytical chemistry Contents 1 Biography 2 Works 3 See also 4 References 5 Further reading 6 External linksBiography edit nbsp Newlands birthplace in West Square LambethNewlands was born in London in England at West Square in Southwark the son of a Scottish Presbyterian minister and his Italian wife 2 Newlands was home schooled by his father and later studied at the Royal College of Chemistry now part of Imperial College London He was interested in social reform and during 1860 served as a volunteer with Giuseppe Garibaldi in his military campaign to unify Italy 3 Returning to London Newlands established himself as an analytical chemist in 1864 In 1868 he became chief chemist of James Duncan s London sugar refinery where he introduced a number of improvements in processing Later he quit the refinery and again became an analyst with his brother Benjamin Newlands was the first person to devise a periodic table of chemical elements arranged in order of their relative atomic masses 4 published in Chemical News in February 1863 3 5 Continuing Johann Wolfgang Dobereiner s work with triads and Jean Baptiste Dumas families of similar elements he published in 1865 his Law of Octaves which stated that any given element will exhibit analogous behaviour to the eighth element following it in the table Newlands arranged all of the known elements starting with hydrogen and ending with thorium atomic weight 232 into eight groups of seven which he likened to octaves of music 6 7 In Newlands table the elements were ordered by the atomic weights that were known at the time and were numbered sequentially to show their order Groups were shown going across the table with periods going down the opposite from the modern form of the periodic table The incompleteness of the table alluded to the possible existence of additional undiscovered elements However the Law of Octaves was ridiculed by some of Newlands contemporaries and the Society of Chemists did not accept his work for publication 8 nbsp Newland s table of the elements After Dmitri Mendeleev and Lothar Meyer received the Davy Medal from the Royal Society for their later discovery of the periodic table in 1882 Newlands fought for recognition of his earlier work and eventually received the Davy Medal in 1887 nbsp On the Discovery of the Periodic Law and on Relations among the Atomic Weights 1884 John Newlands died due to complications of surgery at his home in Lower Clapton Middlesex and was buried at West Norwood Cemetery His businesses was continued after his death by his younger brother Benjamin Works editOn the discovery of the periodic law and on relations among the atomic weights London Spon 1884 See also editHistory of the periodic tableReferences edit Carmen J Giunta Vera V Mainz and Julianna Poole Sawyer 2020 Periodicity in Britain The Periodic Tables of Odling and Newlands in 150 Years of the Periodic Table Springer pp 93 131 Newlands Newlands John Alexander Reina by Michael A Sutton Dictionary of National Biography Oxford University Press 2004 Retrieved 5 February 2011 a b Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Newlands John Alexander Reina Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 19 11th ed Cambridge University Press p 515 Like many of his contemporaries Newlands first used the terms equivalent weight and atomic weight without any distinction of meaning and in his first paper during 1863 He used the values accepted by his predecessors It is now referred to as standard atomic weight Newlands John A R 7 February 1863 On Relations Among the Equivalents Chemical News 7 70 72 Newlands John A R 20 August 1864 On Relations Among the Equivalents Chemical News 10 94 95 Newlands John A R 18 August 1865 On the Law of Octaves Chemical News 12 83 Bryson Bill 2004 A Short History of Nearly Everything London Black Swan pp 141 142 ISBN 978 0 552 15174 0 Further reading editScerri Eric R 2007 The periodic table Its story and its significance Oxford Oxford University Press p 72 ISBN 978 0 19 530573 9 External links editCartage biography Newlands on classification of elements Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title John Newlands chemist amp oldid 1204602047, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
